Rational management of the formation of institutional factors and human motivation

Abstract: The rational management model is the basic characteristics of the West, the success of Western enterprises and the management of the fundamental driving force for prosperity and development of the article in the formation of rational management system based on the analysis of factors that institutional factors are not rational management the formation of sufficient conditions, and human factors is the different modes of management to the internal drive, Western humanism is the rational management of the formation of motivation.

Keywords: rational management, institutional factors, human motivation.

Review of Western business development process, we can see that they can have today's success and take pride in the theoretical system of management, and they are completely reflected in the management of rational inseparable, that Western culture is the rational spirit embodied in the management field can be considered, in the Western management system, the reason has always occupied a central position, the assumption of rational people is a common and specifically expressed in the scientific, institutional, bureaucratic-oriented endures in the form [1] Weber <<The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism>> in that the production of modern rational capitalism and rational system with a variety of factors unique to human factors and the West, separated from the cultural structure of, while in Western management embodied in the rational factor is completely rooted in the rational spirit of capitalism, so we in the rational management of the formation mechanism of the system and can not be separated when the two levels of human factor.

First, the formation of rational management of institutional factors necessary for

(A product of civilization and the formation of economic rationality

Management civilization civilization rooted in a mature commodity, produced by rational management is a prerequisite the existence of a rational economic environment, the natural economy to a commodity economy, the full evolution of the market economy is the formation of Western management social and historical background in commodity civilization, Every economic entities follow the "rational" and "economic man" hypothesis, its behavior is based on the principle of maximizing individual interests, this economic rationality determines the behavior of corporate management must show a rational color.

(Two legal guarantees of property rights system

Clear property rights to rights and responsibilities clear. A strong legal system of property rights to clearly defined border transactions and help regulate the behavior of economic agents to form a stable income is expected to improve the efficiency of social cooperation. System of property rights in a market economy The role of the largest power of the system is able to shape a strong desire for fame and fortune, health economic entities, the enterprise has clear property rights and residual claims of beneficiaries, to ensure that business owners a variety of economic behavior is out of their own interests considered rational behavior.

(Three levels of entrepreneurs and professional managers appear

Rational management of entrepreneurs and professional managers to create a class, in turn, the formation of this class has become important to keep management rational basis entrepreneur is not a physical concept, but a functional concept, not an enduring career state, but a changing of the rational choice. Thus, whether Schumpeter, or of other economists, are up from the definition of the functions of entrepreneurs, such as, Schumpeter believes that entrepreneurs are engaged in "creative" destruction innovators, highlights the entrepreneurial spirit of the core and essence of rationality.

(D sound talent exchange market

From the social point of view, a sound human resources market to ensure the vitality of every enterprise. No rational flow of talent, will not be able to achieve market efficiency in the allocation of human resources, which led directly to the company's employment behavior irrational and only in certain The job market pressure, the internal order in accordance with standardized, scientific, standardized principles of human resources management system established in order to achieve the development of the enterprise to obtain personal growth, therefore, reasonable free flow of talent management practices and enterprise its employees work to ensure that the basic rational.

(E improve the value of evaluation mechanism

The enterprise value of a good evaluation system will not only help guide the business activities of enterprises, and can greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the staff by value evaluation mechanism to encourage enterprises to overcome the short-term behavior, which in a rational manner the interests of the company's recent and long-term goals with up the same time, for employees, the evaluation mechanism will improve the value of value creation and value distribution of organically linked, through the performance evaluation within the enterprise to establish an effective incentive and restraint mechanisms, the value and contribution of each member to conduct a comprehensive, accurate assessment of each member's work to promote rational behavior tends to achieve the overall and individual interests win-win situation.

Second, the human factor is the formation of different management models intrinsic motivation

The various systems-level factors for the formation of rational management is essential, and they influence each other, the common guide rational management of production and development of [free download hi138 \ Com]. However, we extensively scold the poor conditions of the various systems, and found the formation of rational management of these are not a sufficient condition, it should be noted that in some societies these factors are not entirely lacking, but still difficult to manage in the formation of rational, for example, China has experienced two After 10 years of reform practice, these institutional factors can be said to have some development, but the management and rational factors in the company still faced significant obstacles, while in Western society, when these institutional factors have, once after the administration rational also in accord with the trend of the natural history has shown, in order to explore the great differences which, we must study their attention to the performance of different social and cultural human factors.

Should be noted that human factors is the management of the mother, it is to manage to a different mode of the internal driving force, as the American scholar Daniel Ryan (Daniel put it: "The management culture in the absence of thought is not developed in a vacuum , managers often find that their work is always subject to the current cultural influences. "[2] of different social and cultural background, cultural factors may have different ways of thinking, behavior and interpersonal communication methods, so its management thinking behavior and management tools will vary, and we can believe that human factors as an endogenous variable in the East and West during the formation of enterprise management plays a crucial role.

Chinese culture and Western culture is different and humanistic culture, ethical culture that emphasizes people are basically good, longer than the coordination of relationships, the pursuit of community harmony. And preventive management of the West is different from the East with the leading management features, namely, by means of specific , so that employees accept the company guidelines and ethics, to form self-management, conscious management features. this management may be called a "flexible management", its biggest advantage is that highlights the importance of human nature, strengthened the basic tenets of human and values ​​of the attention, but, in the "feeling" as a link management at the expense of the "law" of the importance of increased corporate governance in the arbitrariness and subjectivity, performance management practices scattered and chaotic, and dependent groups inert ideas, inhibits personal creativity. [3]

East-West culture has its positive side, can not absolutely deny any of them, but we must also see the management is not conducive to the development of both the negative factors in the rapid development of Chinese enterprises today, on the one hand we to affirm and recognize the positive factors in the Eastern management, on the other hand, the performance of our business out of a serious lack of management and rational phenomenon has had our attention and thinking, while management as an independent social science, is modern industrial revolution combined with the product of Western civilization, from Frederick Ketai Luo (Frederick W. Taylor has made scientific management, management of development is always with the Western rational holographic characteristics of the human spirit, so we should Western analysis of the human spirit in its management during the formation of rational of how to play a significant role in the drive.

Third, the Western rational human spirit and its management

(A personal liberal Western tradition

The original meaning of the doctrine of individual freedom, but is political democracy, freedom, human rights, then occurrence of a major change in social meaning, liberal Westerners to carry out the individual economic and political systems, the spirit of the Western tradition has become the most unique idealism. liberalism emphasizes individual human-centered human rights, democracy, freedom, equality, the emphasis on individual achievement and personal supremacy in the West it seems, only by the individual to struggle, hard work and risk-taking, rather than using opportunistic, dishonest way to create out of the success is the real skills, so the specific behavior tends to be more rational and personalized. Westerners focus on the outward freedom to explore, to discover and transform the world for the ways and means to achieve freedom, This has prompted people to innovate and to invent, people are more receptive to new ideas and new technologies, and rarely consider the theory of an expert or authoritative and views, so the science and culture is widely spread in the West based on the doctrine of individual freedom Westerners opposed to the previous achievements to explore things that are favorable for development, and advocate for original, in which individual human spirit of liberalism, rationality has been conceived, the spirit of an entrepreneurial class in the community for its innovative range of rise rapidly, as business development and rational management provided the impetus for the formation.

(B Western "Heaven facies" concept of thinking

Western way of thinking tended to Heaven phase points (subject-object relative to points a long time, dominated the history of Western philosophy is dualism, ie that the material and spiritual world by two separate, and the nature of primitive composition. Early In ancient Greece, philosophers are divided between man and nature will be open to the ancient Greek philosophers were concerned about the early primary is a natural object, and themselves in the philosophy of people's sight. to Socrates, he has that "the soul is the only worthy object of study." is also a result, Western culture appeared concerned about the distinction between man and care about nature, which is "Heaven facies" way of thinking reflects, especially the Middle Ages, people not only sub-phase with the day, and has become a day (that is, God's servants and subjects. In modern times, with the liberation of humanity and the development of science, it is not only invisible days (which God in his step feet (such as Nietzsche, "God is dead" declaration, also began to tangible days (that is natural to war. along with the human conquest of nature in the process of losing the victory, the spirit of science and rational analysis has been carried forward in the past Modern Western culture has gradually dominated and affected many, including business management, including human behavior. "Heaven facies" in the opposition seek unity in this way of thinking so that the decomposition of the object Westerners ability, with the decomposition of thinking, logical thinking skills, and good common sense will be fine, strong layers of anatomy and the West's rational management of this fits the Western way of thinking, which is why Taylor's scientific management system, this method can In the United States to implement open one of the reasons.

(C Weber to promote the spirit of Western capitalism

Webber was the first to promote a positive spirit of Western capitalism, scholars, he <<The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism>> a book, not only the capitalist economic system as a category, and treat it as a cultural studies Category Weber argued that capitalism is based on the formation of the spirit of European rationalism as the basis for a rational accounting for the specific embodied, has a unique set of values, thought patterns and behavior of the cultural system. this rational spirit of capitalism manifested as a reasonable and systematic pursuit of profit and control of consumption is expected to approach and to work as a duty to fulfill personal and professional responsibility for the vocation its rational place, not to enhance people's desire for money, "capital More of this doctrine is an irrational desire to suppress, or at least is a rational mitigation. "[4] but rather as individuals do their best to provide an ethical binding on, so Western capitalist spirit is not only able to breed a strict self-discipline, to inspire people to a rational attitude towards their secular work, but also in the modern economic order to make money is to cultivate the virtues of legal values. this work and make money manner best suited to the business of capitalism, but capitalism is precisely the operation of this spirit of capitalism from its most reasonable to draw spiritual power. Similarly, the human spirit as a social microcosm in the field of business management, rational management of the West full expression of the rational spirit of capitalism.

References:

[1] [Sweden] Sven Eli Kershaw Stellan. Managed two sides - Janus factor [M]. Shenyang: Liaoning Education Press, 2000.

[2] Dong four generations. And cultural values ​​of innovation and management revolution [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences Publishing House, 1997.

[3] Wang Mingjiang. East-West cultural differences in corporate governance Origin [N]. China Enterprise News, 2001--02--15.

[4] [Germany] Max Weber. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism [M]. Qiang Peng, Huang Jing translation, Xi'an: Shaanxi Normal University Press, 2002.