Analysis of the safety of public goods

Abstract: Public transport as a government support of public goods in the urban transport occupies a pivotal position to raise awareness of public transportation system security and strengthen awareness of the safety of bus technology Development and innovation, is to enhance the safety performance of bus systems key.

Keywords: Public Safety Bus

In modern society, increasingly convenient public transport, bus was hailed as the city's boat, bears the important task of urban transport, but now many cities in the safety of buses, there are still many problems not only affect the smooth flow of road traffic and residents travel security, but also violated the "people-oriented" transport concept, is not conducive to the sustainable Development of urban transport.


A bus is a public

Public goods theory of public Economics is the core concept, which Paul Samuelson • the definition of the most representative, that "consumption of public goods is a non-exclusive and non-competitive characteristics of the product." Consumption of non-exclusive, elaborated according to Samuelson has three aspects: (1) public goods is technically difficult to exclude a large number of beneficiaries; (2) public goods also has not refuse sex; (3) Although it is technically possible to achieve exclusive principle, but the high cost of exclusion. consumption of non-competitive, a person's consumption does not reduce the consumption of others, perhaps many people can the same kind of consumer goods in 1965, the founder of Buchanan public choice school South in his famous <<club of Economic theory>> a paper presented at the same time non-exclusive and non-competitive with these two factors are pure public goods, public goods; completely determined by the market's products are pure private goods; and the real world there is between a large number of pure public goods and pure private goods between a product called the mixed public goods or quasi-public goods.

According to the definition of public goods, urban public transport can be determined as a public resource belonging to quasi-public goods: on the one hand, every member of society can be shared equally by public transport system, with the public nature of their consumption behavior, consumption characteristics of common Any person using public transport will not affect other people on the bus products for consumption, that it has non-exclusive; the other hand, there are operating costs of urban public transport, city bus every want to get people to pay to use the value of , and when the bus appeared full, there will be marginal congestion costs, impact on other consumer spending.


Second, the bus can not be ignored Security

The safety of public goods is the cornerstone of modern social life, but in recent years, the national frequency of bus accidents in public transport itself and its harm on the one hand by the people careless and lack of awareness of its harmful levels caused the other hand, is a human lack of understanding of the technology to master this technology is not comprehensive and the result of immaturity. who over-reliance on modern technology and worship, reckless people with full access to modern technology to comfort, convenience, and the neglect of this accumulation of knowledge by people out of the technological achievements of human knowledge is imperfect because there is a defect. Engels pointed out, "we can only under the conditions of our time understanding And to what extent these conditions, we know to what extent. "Based on this limitation, it would be inappropriate to use these technological achievements. bus vehicle in unsafe defects including brake failure, tire burst, turning the steering wheel not working etc. Brake castings are small pieces of thin, highly technical, while domestic production and export enterprises brakes, they use a hand-shape, cupola melting iron liquid composition changed greatly, and casting to production and technology management to bring quality control some difficulties, in addition, brakes casting in the production process, there are holes, shrinkage, microstructure defects such as non-compliance. tire safety is directly related to the vehicle safety and operational efficiency, but the tire maintenance and renovation there are still technical problems. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com Third, the elimination of bus safety hazard measures

First, people-oriented, scientific planning, improve the urban public transport system.'s Survival and Development can not leave the technology, people can not be divorced from technology to survive. The essence of technology and the ultimate destination is the human services, but humans can not be limited to technical or subject to the technology, but should go beyond the technology itself, search for human nature, search for the value of human existence. "concerned about the man himself, should always be the main objective of all technical efforts." government should continue to strengthen urban public transport sector supervision, supervision authorities at all levels of public transport industries to establish and improve urban transit security evaluation system, Development of safety evaluation criteria, and implement relevant measures, to strengthen the industry from the management system on the bus company as a director and two of the main safety responsibility to enterprises through scientific planning and construction, improve the line density and site coverage and optimize the structure, form Ganzhi coordination, reasonable structure, high speed and with city size, population and Economic Development compatible with the public transport system.

Second, speed up technological development and innovation, improve public transportation security technology systems in public transport as a quasi-public goods, it has positive and negative externalities. Albert Einstein once said: "Science is a powerful tool, and how use it, brings happiness, or whether it is a disaster, all depend on themselves, rather than on tools ... our problem can not be resolved by science, but only by the people themselves to resolve. "the negative consequences of technology human-induced, ultimately depends on the people to solve, improve China's independent innovation capability of auto companies and the level of long way to go. Most bus transfer management of the company's operation is still used by dispatchers to manually fill out the single-release scheduling order, setting a fixed number of monitoring sites Kong, buses arrived to supervise the arrival time post registration methods in the use of public transport, the Government should encourage bus companies to adopt new technologies for intelligent transportation, improve operational efficiency and public transport Quality of Service To accelerate the promotion of public transport companies to use the pace of new technology to improve the supervision of a bus company running the technical standards in addition, to urge all businesses to continue to improve the internal bus-related management system, establish safety rules and regulations, and improve production safety supervision inspection body, step by step clear safety responsibilities to implement the measures.

Finally, regular security, improve the vehicle recall system. Vehicle safety inspection is one of the main measures to prevent accidents should be based on the number of passenger vehicles, different life circumstances, to conduct regular safety and technical inspection. Once a certain part or abnormal operation, it is timely to carry out relevant bus service field maintenance to ensure the safety of bus travel. Government sector is defective automobile recall system makers, promoters and supervisors. defective vehicles for the purpose of ensuring social citizen safety and environmental protection, safeguarding the interests of consumers .2004 October 1, by the State General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Commerce, General Administration of Customs jointly developed <<defective auto product recall regulations> >, then AQSIQ also announced <<defective vehicle recalls database of experts set up and management approach >>,<< defective auto product research and implementation measures identified>> and <<defective product testing and experimental Supervision and Administration> > other four supporting the implementation details in the recall system constraints, manufacturers pay more attention to product quality, so that public transport industry more healthy and orderly development, but also to open the safe travel of people, the door.


References:
[1] Guoqing Wang, Zhao Zhiyun, fiscal theory and policy [M]. Beijing: China Economic Press, 1999.

[2] Marx and Engels, Selected Works (Volume 3) [M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 1972.562.

[3] Einstein's Collected Works (Volume 3) [M]. Xu Liang India Beijing: Commercial Press, 1979.73.

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