R & D enterprise project accounting and financial management of

With the country's comprehensive national strength growing, to promote technological innovation, strengthening the industry's R & D capabilities, state-funded enterprises in research and development and technological innovation to promote the development of scientific and technological achievements in industry, many large and small business units have a large quantity of research projects, therefore, accounting and business management of research funding is also important.

Corporate R & D projects include the national accounting of funds credited to the accounting and corporate R & D expenditures accounted for in two ways.


A national accounting of funds credited to

State funding allocated to scientific research enterprise, a government subsidy, according to the new <<Accounting Standards No. 16 - Government Grants>> specified in the accounting treatment of accounting. Government grants, there are two accounting methods: income approach and capital approach. income method is included in current earnings or government grants deferred income, capital approach is to government subsidies in equity.

Obtained by the enterprise, for purchase or construction, or other form of government grants long-term assets related to assets are government grants should be recognized as deferred revenue and related assets in the life of the average distribution of profit or loss, but nominal amount of government subsidies, the income statement directly to the State allocated in addition to government grants related to assets other than government subsidies, are government grants related to income, the relevant provisions are as follows:
(A) to compensate for the related future business expenses or losses are recognized as deferred income and recognized in the period related costs, profit and loss.

(B) have occurred to compensate for business expenses or losses, direct profit and loss.


Second, R & D funding and accounting imputation

R & D expenses mainly refers to the process of research and development projects that occur in all direct costs and indirect costs typically include: personnel costs, equipment costs, energy, materials, test outsourcing fees, Technology transfer fees, travel expenses, conference fees, protection of intellectual property fees, management fees and other associated costs.

Practice, research and development funding and accounting in the imputation that there are some difficulties and problems, depending on the circumstances and experience of research funding and management of accounting methods and recommendations were discussed.


(A) R & D and accounting problems imputation
For science and Technology enterprise, engaged in both production and business activities, he is engaged in research activities in the division of costs will be some difficulties, mainly the following issues:
1 R & D is difficult to define the scope of
Lack of certain communication, corporate R & D department of personnel and financial officers of R & D unable to unify the understanding of the scope, financial officers understand the scope of expenses incurred, will be a limit, not according to R & D research project budget breakdown of the book for setting details of subjects, in addition, the lack of uniform regulation for scientific research enterprise management, Technology R & D department and finance department with communication gap will affect the range of R & D division.

(2) the cost of production and research costs difficult to draw
Some departments only for business R & D activities, but also the product of the trial production, which is the production division of costs and cost of scientific research has brought some difficulties.

In accordance with national and provincial funding for the project management approach, companies take a large number of research projects, need a certain self-financing ratio, particularly if the bear is the state's industrial projects or major support for the project, the state appropriated the amount of research funding over large, while a larger proportion of self-financing, to meet the requirements of the subject review, research costs will be diverted to production costs, resulting in production costs and the cost of scientific research division is not real, or bring high profits and a higher income tax revenues, and for the adjustment of profits of enterprises and people may be suspected.

3 bear the costs of research projects more difficult to draw
According to national research funding for the management of the relevant provisions of national research funding should be transferred to earmarked research projects should be separately establish accounts, the purpose of research funding and R & D spending accounted for separately. A corporate R & D department or a research officer at the same time take multiple research projects, the occurrence of staff costs, equipment costs, energy cost of materials difficult to draw between the various topics. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com (b) the business accounting and financial management of project funds Discussion
For both production and business activities, he is engaged in research activities in science and Technology enterprises in financial accounting and financial management of projects in some of the suggestions and methods.

1 to develop their own research funding of standardized and unified management approach
Reference to national and provincial research funding management practices, combined with their own actual situation, research funding to develop standardized and unified management approach to the system to undertake the project for funding accounting departments and financial departments and relevant personnel to regulate and constraints in management approach can not only define the scope of funding, but also for pre-funding, accounts, use of the relevant regulations.

(2) continue to improve the financial accounting system of research funding
Further improve the research budget and final accounts of the financial accounting system, accounting for the Finance Department research funding, research funding should the project budget book details the budget for R & D expenditure to set subjects and details of subjects, such as the use of UF Kingdee or auxiliary accounting financial software project function of the enterprise to bear all items accounted for separately, but also through the establishment of project assisted accounts table a breakdown of the various research projects accounted for separately. the cost of the project results after the title research, accounts for project funds in the project implementation period of project funds examination and supervision should be to strengthen the supervision and funding for expenses incurred cost control.

(3) Strengthen the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Science with communication and collaboration between
Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Science and the enterprise should be division of labor, mutual cooperation, R & D department of the Ministry of Science and various research projects undertaken by the management, finance and corporate funding of national R & D spending accounted for, due to strong technical expertise of Science and Technology, should be promptly Finance Department provided information about the project, such as project type, nature, the project implementation period, the project's commitment to people and the project budget book details and other expenses incurred, but also for all reasonable expenses incurred, project supervision and approval, the Finance Department can based on information provided by the Ministry of Science, assisted by the project to establish the details of accounts for accounting of funds for R & D department for reimbursement of the original documents to the financial aspects of audit, accounting.

4 companies accounted for some of the methods of project funds
R & D expenses include direct costs and indirect costs, research funding should be in accordance with the scope of imputation accounting, specifically as follows:
(1) In accordance with the allocation of beneficiaries
Enterprises on "who benefits-sharing" principle, the costs are allocated according to beneficiaries, such as the consumption of raw materials, according to the requisition on the recipients of the department, production department who requisitioned the mind "production cost", R & D lead people with the mind "research costs", while research proceeds to offset raw materials have been requisitioned for the input tax turns out to be. research projects undertaken by individual companies to establish accounts accounting, financial costs should be beneficiaries will be bringing them to bear the R & D breakdown of the various research subjects.

(2) a reasonable proportion of the allocation of a certain
Some production companies and R & D costs is difficult in practice division, according to a reasonable proportion to the allocation, such as corporate R & D department and production department and R & D projects jointly undertaken by the consumption of utilities, difficult to draw, according to some reasonable percentage of for sharing, but sharing method, once established shall not be changed.

R & D department or a corporate R & D personnel, such as while take a number of research projects, equipment use fees, according to a reasonable proportion of sharing, personnel costs may take several hours that is the subject to engage in research activities to be assessed at the time.

(3) Indirect costs may be assessed at the relevant principles
Enterprise indirect costs incurred in research activities, such as management fees, housing occupancy fees, income or funding R & D expenditure according to a certain percentage of share.


References:
[1] <<>>,<< Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Application Guide>> Links to free download http://www.hi138.com