Tech workers in private enterprises serving performance evaluation: Based on the Theory of Value Engineering

Abstract: The private enterprises is the level of scientific and technological content to maintain their survival and development, and scientific and technological content of high and low is the quality of staff by the company to determine the Technology, the enterprise's competitiveness in the final analysis is essentially employees of the enterprises in the whether the appointment of its staff can give full play to their maximum potential problems. Value Engineering as a management methods and ideas, its Technology and private Technology companies in the combined staff of its own characteristics, analysis of business-to-the rationality of science and Technology staff appointments and adjustment measures for improvement, and from the Economics of the relationship between benefits and costs in a rational evaluation of the Technology staff working performance.

Keywords:: competitiveness of private enterprises; technology staff; Value Engineering; office performance

Author: Jiang Peng (1980 -), male, man Heilongjiang Ning, Northeast Agricultural University, PhD student of Economics and Management, Research Interests: Forestry Economics and Management; jali (1964 -), female, Heilongjiang Jixi people, the economy of Northeast Agricultural University School of Management Professor, Research direction: Resource Economics.

Foundation item: Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, item number: G2007-12; Humanities and Social Sciences in Heilongjiang Province Department of Education project.

Value Engineering (VE) through the collaboration of all relevant areas, the study of the function and cost for system analysis study designed to improve the value of thinking and management skills [1]. A long time, mainly used in products of value Engineering development, process design and manufacturing. In fact management is not only a value Engineering technology, but also a management idea, as long as certain functions in order to obtain cost-consuming, it is necessary to scientifically measure its value. 
As the socialist market Economic system, the establishment and improvement has been rapid development of private economy, promoting China's national economy has not only become sustainable, stable and rapid growth of an important force, and in the adjustment of Economic structure, increasing employment opportunities, increase revenue, etc. play an important role. private technology enterprises, as in the private economy are high technological content and value-added part in accelerating the scientific and technological achievements into production practices, to promote the private economy and the whole national economy playing an increasingly important role. 
Competition among enterprises operating on the surface is the amount of profit, cost, quality, strength of competition, in fact, technology and talent competition. The three elements in the enterprise, financial, material, man is the decisive factor in [2] staff development, training and use is to improve the competitiveness of enterprises is one of the most fundamental way, as relying on technology to win more private enterprises should pay attention to the use of the technology staff. According to Barrow, the 98 countries of the world found that GNP is given in the initial conditions, the average growth rate of a country starting with the initial, secondary school enrollment high positive correlation coefficient of 0  73, on the job training employees on wages and productivity growth caused by the correlation Research shows that after training, general wage increase of 5% -15%;〗 〖JP +1 investment in training for enterprises and the rate of return of 20% -35% of enterprises have a competitive advantage has a wealth of human capital, but also attached great importance to investment in human capital [3]. This is for the above considerations, the value engineering theory into the representation of employees on the Application analysis. 

I. Introduction and value engineering tech workers in private enterprises working in the use of performance 

(A) Introduction to value engineering 
Value Engineering in 1947 by the American Miles (LDMiles) founded. World War II, the U.S. arms industry have greatly developed, the resulting raw material supply problems. Was in any procurement chief of General Electric Company The Miles is responsible for finding solutions to the shortage of supplies, he based on actual experience, coupled with supply of the study, that "if it is not necessary materials and articles, you can think of ways to access its capabilities" scenario. He begins with Research began to substitute materials, the development of functional analysis and Research, and gradually summed up the value of a function of ensuring the continuous improvement of U.S. Navy ships in 1954 was adopted by the Board to highlight the meaning and renamed the project value engineering (VE) . to the 20th century, 60's, it began to spread into Japan and other countries. are of value engineering has been recognized as an effective modern management techniques, which not only can be used to develop new products, new technology can also be used for special equipment the design and manufacture, equipment, upgrading and repair of key equipment, organization, etc., to improve the Economic effect of equipment management. 
The core idea of ​​value engineering can be summarized as follows:
1  value engineering is the study of technical and Economic benefits of science. It is out of the past that just from the technical aspects in isolation, or simply to study the Economic benefits from the practice, but from the technical and economic point of view the combination of both, research to improve product, system or service value, reduce the cost of technology to achieve better economic results, is an effective way to meet the objective reality. 
2  value of the project is a scientific management approach, it is a management concept. It uses a combination of technical and economic scientific methods, research products (systems or services) of the function (use value) and the production costs (costs) relations, Innovation and optimization through the program seeks to achieve the lowest cost function to obtain the necessary results. that is, by reducing consumption, to create effective, eliminate inefficiencies, standard value-added operations, to value added and competitive advantage. 
3  Value Engineering is a program of Innovation and optimization technology. Society is continually moving forward, the economy is constantly evolving, technology is continually progress, meet the social and human needs as the product, operation (including the methods, services, etc.) to need to be constantly updated, value engineering study to promote Innovation, new features of objective assessment, by the wisdom of group activities, a variety of new programs proposed, and then through a scientific screening, to find the best programs to achieve better goal. 
4  Value Engineering is a collective wisdom to rely on the leadership, organized system activity, it must have close-knit organization and complete a series of steps to specific activities, is used to solve the problem step by step thinking system, is a kind of logic and scientific purposes, step by step guide production and management of scientific way of thinking. 
Value Engineering (VE) of the basic meaning is: that the costs incurred for the function of the system as the research object, the state out of the shackles of the existing system, re-start function of the system cost analysis, advocacy staff participation, mutual cooperation, make full use of information and human two major resources, continue to carry out system Innovation, improve value, enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises, to better adapt to environmental changes [4]. 
The measurement formula is: V = F / C, 
Where: V = Value (the value), F = Function (function), C = Cost (cost). 
In the specific calculation, for the convenience of the general will represent the function with the coefficient of F, C on behalf of the cost factor. It can be seen from the formula, V is proportional to F, and inversely proportional to C, thereby increasing the value of 5 through the following ways: 
(1) to improve function, reduce costs, the formula is expressed as: F ↑ / C ↓ = V ↑, is the main direction; 
(2) increase the functionality, cost the same, the formula is: F ↑ / C → = V ↑, focused on improving the function; 
(3) feature the same, cost reduction, the formula is expressed as: F → / C ↓ = V ↑, focus on cost reduction; 
(4) feature a large increase, the cost of slightly improved, and its formula is: F ↑ ↑ / C ↑ = V ↑, focused on improving the function; 
(5) function slightly reduced and the cost of a large drop, the formula is expressed as: F ↓ / C ↓ ↓ = V ↑, focus on cost reduction. 
(B) of the value engineering staff working in science and technology in the use of performance 
Technology staff is the competitiveness of private enterprises and foundation sources, the most active factor. In private technology companies, technology staff, compared with other types of elements, with unique features that embody the technology staff on the competitiveness of private enterprises Full penetration and decisive role. (1) The employee is a strong element of subjective initiative. Their purpose, initiative and social awareness so that enterprises engaged in economic activities in its always in a dominant position as one of the most active factor of production. (2) The employee has the characteristics of increasing returns. As companies increase investment in science and technology workers who obtain the benefits also increases [5]. The Application methods are: the inherent ability of technology staff coefficient than for function (F), and a job should pay for the cost coefficient ratio (C), then calculated the ratio of F and C, the value of the coefficient (V) will have the following three cases [6] : First, the value factor is much larger than 1; Second, the value of coefficient equal to or close to 1; third is the value of coefficient is much less than 1. For these three situations occur, it is necessary to carry out the actual situation specific analysis. 

Second, the case analysis 

Of a private technology research and development for various positions in the Ministry of Science and Technology 5 employees A, B, C, D, E to value assessment, their own inherent capacities of F  A, F  B, F  C, F  D. F  E, businesses pay for various positions were C  A, C  B, C  C, C  D, C  E, the specific steps are as follows: 

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 1. Computing coefficients. First of all, by the evaluation team (5 persons), respectively, in accordance with evaluation criteria to each employee in all aspects of science and technology capacity rate ( including job responsibility, professional standards, organizational skills, attendance, status), the use of percentile, see Table 1; Secondly, according to the scoring of each case evaluators, all of the features of each employee as the arithmetic mean of the function of the individual scores , see Table 2; Finally, the sum score of all staff functions, and demand function coefficients in Table 2.


2. Calculated the cost factor. Assuming these five jobs to pay the annual salary of a total of 50 million, according to the order of their annual salary received by each office were: C  A = 150,000 yuan, C  B = 120,000 yuan, C  C = 100,000 yuan, C  D = 80,000 yuan, C  E = 5 million, then according to the formula: Cost factor = a position of cost / total cost of all posts can be calculated, a cost coefficient posts = 0  300; B positions cost coefficient = 0  240; job cost coefficient C = 0  200; D positions cost coefficient = 0  160; E jobs cost coefficient = 0  100. 
3. Calculate the value of coefficient. By the formula: V = F / C, it is easy to draw, the specific values ​​shown in Table 3. 
4. Analysis of the results to determine improvements. From Table 3 can be intuitively seen, B, C and D the value of coefficient of close to 1, A and E with a value of coefficient is very far off. First of all, first come to the right B, C, D interpretation: the value of coefficient B 0  829, slightly less than 1, indicating that the employee's salary is higher than holding its own in this position the contribution of the enterprise, then companies should consider giving reduce the salary of the employee the right to produce a sense of crisis, the employee will be able to improve their ability to consciously, or by a business organization of training courses for employees in this category are for training to help them improve; and C value of the coefficient is 1  010, and a close, take the salary that the employee in this position with its own contribution to the enterprise rather, temporarily need to change; the small value of coefficient of 1  244, slightly larger than 1, that the employee's salary below its own take on this position to make contributions to the enterprise, requiring business managers identify problems timely, appropriate salary increases for employees, otherwise the long-term case, the employee to will have the emotional slack, or is that companies did not focus on their own, have quit easily leave the situation. Second, the interpretation of A: the value of a coefficient of 0  670, far less than 1, indicating that the employee take salaries much higher than its own in this position to make contributions to the enterprise, it is often said that "low salaries", when enterprise managers need to see the seriousness of the problem in time, the staff transferred to the low level positions to, or the class of employees organize as many classes, and even discourage their employees to participate in some kind of correspondence learning, as soon as possible will improve the ability to achieve the required capacity in this position, For some employees do not think motivated, consider its "fired." Finally, to explain E: The value of coefficient of E 1  990, much larger than 1, indicating that the employee's salary to get much lower than its own in the The position of the company's contribution, it is often said that the "overkill", when far-sighted and timely business managers will be transferred to a level position, because at this time simply pay can not meet the needs of the employees, and employees for such enterprises must appease, after all these people is to improve the competitiveness of private technology enterprises in force, they will leave a serious loss of business. 

Third, the conclusion 

(A) private technology enterprises should pay attention to the fate of science and technology staff 
With the idea of ​​Value Engineering as a guide, the original complex problem to quantify, and thus help the managers of private enterprises grasp on the direction to minimize the technology staff in the business of the loss. To the above case analysis, the latter two (such as D and E) of these people are the most likely loss, which requires corporate managers should attach great importance to the dynamics of such people and ideas, to communicate with timely, as it class technology staff are the backbone of the enterprise, these people sometimes are not able to retain living wage, so the communication becomes for them something more important. Of course this is a very subjective question is not easy to explain, This will put a higher corporate managers on the requirements. to prevent the loss of these workers, we must understand the process of their loss, Figure 1 is the process of employee turnover [7]. 
Easy to see from Figure 1, the loss of motivation factors by individuals and businesses to influence these two factors, the business factors that managers need to work on their own, for personal reasons in fact managers are able to give correct guidance to communicate , which managers see their own charm and ability. Here, we mainly talk about the loss of motivation if the circumstances arise, for the employees, how the decisions they are. then we must compare the expected liquidity cost (C) with the expected Mobile revenue (R), the expected flow of benefits which include: personal reuse level, the level of jobs, business prospects, wage conditions; expected liquidity costs include: direct transfer of costs (such as breach of contract fee), opportunity costs (such as social network of relationships), psychological costs (such as family pressure). From an economic point of view analysis: If the expected cost of the flow of current income than expected, that C> R, as a rational person would weigh, choose to stay; if the expected about the flow of costs and benefits fairly, that is C ≈ R, the flow of motivation will be greatly weakened, so that flow is optional, like the people may choose to meet the challenges of mobility, while the more conservative people may choose not to flow; if is expected to cost far less than the expected flow of current income, that is, C
(B) Value engineering is a very complex issue 
Value engineering can be applied to the whole thing either, it also can be applied to the local things, you can still cross between global and local methods used, and value engineering is a dynamic process, if these are taken into account the is a very complex project. We in the real Application is the use of a static, but as time progresses, the value of the dynamic nature of the project to be more concern should be continuous evaluation of the things you want to carry on the evaluation, not a once and for all ideas generated. Application of Value Engineering, the corresponding requirements of this method the person is relatively high, because it involves value coefficient which is too large and too small problem, and is too large and too small is a relative concept, to be in the actual operation in contrast to observe, which requires users to have some experience, must not be dogmatic, or can only be counterproductive.


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