From the accounting point of view of financial risk control in Hospital

[Abstract] At present, hospitals in the process of market-oriented, faces various financial risks, hospital financial management Yingdang around the hospital management to establish and improve the overall objective of corresponding accounting system and risk control system in order to business activities effectively guard against financial risks. This will require hospitals to strengthen cost accounting concepts, regularly carry out cost control analysis, the implementation of budgetary control, and to strengthen cost accounting, audit verification, and to establish quantitative indicators of financial risk assessment.

[Keywords:] hospital; accounting; risk control; Finance

First, the hospital's objective necessity of the financial risk control

The so-called financial risk, refers to the financial activities of the hospital due to various uncertainties, the hospital financial income and the expected return deviation occurs, resulting in loss of opportunities and possibilities. Hospital organization and management of financial activities in a particular process aspects and problems of a link, all the financial risks that may arise, leading to reduced solvency.

In a market economy, the transformation of business-oriented reform of the mechanism, the emergence of the traditional planned economy, not the new situation and new problems. Hospital internal Economic relations between the complex, market-based funding sources, the distribution of benefits diversification, etc., must work on the hospital's new accounting requirements and tasks, the most fundamental is the establishment of socialist market Economic system and the hospitals to establish autonomous self-financing, self-restraint and self-development goals of the accounting work the objective requirements. hospitals how to prevent financial risks, improving hospital services have increasingly become an important part of efficiency and Economic benefits.


Second, from the accounting point of view of the causes of the financial risk

With the Economic progress and the changing environment, the hospital accounting information authenticity, usefulness, accounting conservatism, the comprehensiveness of accounting information disclosure requirements and the importance of continuously strengthened. But in fact, the current hospital accounting system is also a problem. In my opinion, from the accounting point of view of the current hospital financial risk, financial risk can be found mainly from the following aspects:
(A) Fixed assets accounting aspects
1. Fixed Assets Accounting is not set to "accumulated depreciation" account, can not accurately grasp the Condition of assets, can not reflect the actual net assets of hospitals .2. Not timely recorded depreciation of fixed assets. If, for some medical devices companies in their marketing, often to allow hospitals to use the facilities first, and then signed a contract to use the equipment during the hire purchase agreement or use of a period of time for payment. Therefore, use of equipment from the beginning to the final payment period, as the contract and the Financial Times can not be transferred to fixed assets depreciation, thus increasing the income of the beneficiary department, has not been a corresponding increase in the cost, resulting in inflated profits to benefit departments, does not reflect the real situation .3. the hospital accounting system does not provide for fixed assets impairment allowances, nor the replacement value of the adjusted book value, which makes the book value of fixed assets and a serious departure from the market replacement value. In particular, medical electronic equipment, due to its high technical content, update soon, because of the existence of objective produced a significant drop in market price of intangible loss or reduced ability to create future Economic benefits due to the possible occurrence of impairment of fixed assets. If the impairment of fixed assets has occurred without loss of recognition, will lead to the book value of fixed assets and the actual value of the phase departure, it does not meet the accounting principle of prudence.

(B) accept the terms of investment accounting
1. Internal investment. Currently, many hospitals and updated during the purchase of fixed assets, the lack of analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects, feasibility analysis, saying the lack of scientific basis and method, lead to blind purchase, update or investment in fixed assets long duration of the project, slow recovery of funds, poor investment results, resulting in waste of money .2. external financing. current medical institutions have become more diversified funding sources, but the hospital accounting system is not set to accept the accounting for investments subject, nor does it such business to the corresponding provisions of the accounting treatment that the hospital received the accounting treatment of investments made by the inconsistency; in the distribution of investment income by the time an agreement is not as charged against income, that is, for the expenditure. This confused the accounting treatment of investment and the different nature of claims, confusion of the hospital capital and limits the number of equity investors, people adjust the operating budget, distribution of dividends in violation of the provisions shall not be before tax, will not only enable the hospital to the loss of comparability of accounting information will also be directly led to the hospital accounting information distortion.

(C) cost accounting is not accurate
Unreasonable management cost-sharing, management fees are included in a wider scope, in addition to hospital administration costs, including medical, pharmacy, management and other departments of the support departments of interest expenses and borrowing costs. Manage the size of a direct impact on Health care costs cost of service, drug sales costs and the cost of finished products, and ultimately will affect the balance of payments surplus and net assets. The current hospital accounting system simply by staff ratio of management fees and drug costs in Health care costs for sharing, and not accurately reflect medical costs and drug costs.

(D) information systems of internal control is not in place
Accounting greatly increased the popularity of the work efficiency and quality of accounting and business processes to eliminate the interference of man-made factors. The hospital after the implementation of computerized accounting, the original data collection, collation, auditing and other work, by computer automatically, just do accounting personnel supporting operations. and many hospitals not meet the new changes in the environment, the computer division of the accounting information system jobs, system operation, accounting, records management and data privacy, etc. lack of targeted security systems and measures that the economic information for criminals to steal, by modifying the program, tampering, destruction disk data leaving false accounting data, so as to achieve the purpose of misappropriating money from the hospital to provide the opportunity.


Third, by establishing and improving accounting corresponding management mechanism to enhance control of the financial risk of hospital

Specifically, available from the following aspects:
(A) carry out cost control analysis, the implementation of budgetary control
Implementation of cost control is improving hospital management and improve the competitiveness of the key aspects of the hospital. Should establish a cost-effective concepts, emphasis on financial analysis; to correctly evaluate the implementation of the objectives of hospital cost control effectiveness and improve the economic efficiency of hospitals and the enthusiasm of staff stress; to reveal the reasons Health care costs down, the level of timely identification of the various factors affect the cost and the reasons for seeking ways to further reduce Health care costs, and ways to further improve the hospital's cost management; it is necessary to attach importance to matter, after the analysis, but also importance to predict the analysis. Meanwhile, the analysis should pay attention to effectiveness, but also timely and effective implementation of the results.

Should strengthen budget preparation, execution, analysis, assessment and other aspects of management, a clear budget, a budget standards, the provisions of the budget preparation, approval, delivery and implementation of procedures, timely analysis and control of budget variances, to improve measures to ensure the implementation of the budget , and strictly control the funds without budgetary expenditure, expenditure on security funds as a budget to follow, to avoid blind investment. However, we should avoid too heavy, too small. If the hospital budget spending on the most trivial requirements to do fine, it will enable functions lack of freedom, will inevitably affect the efficiency of hospital management. Thus, on the one hand to make the budget better reflect the hospital's overall objective programming; the other hand, should be properly grasp the degree of budgetary control, the budget has a certain degree of flexibility.

(B) of fixed assets and depreciation recorded in time
Hospitals will affect the accuracy of accounting to the hospital's fixed assets, liabilities, income and savings. Therefore, in the purchase of equipment, hospital purchasing departments should be promptly informed of the contract and related accounting procedures, recognized by the accounting department and related equipment in a timely manner depreciation to reflect the true financial position of the hospital. Meanwhile, on impairment of fixed assets that have occurred in the loss should be recognized in time.

(C) cost control, cost audit of the hospital
The purpose of cost accounting is to control spending, energy saving, reduce service operating costs. Cost control can be fixed through the development of cost or standard cost and the cost of the weight of material consumption, water consumption, public consumption to achieve pre-charge control, quality of service, quantify the unit cost of appraisal fees, etc., in order to achieve the whole process of cost control. hospital management costs apportioned according to reasonable medical care system provides cost and cost of drugs. should be based on relevant provisions of the strict control of expenses, non-random sharing costs and expanding costs. implementation of cost control is improving hospital management and improve the competitiveness of the key aspects of the hospital.

At the same time, we should strengthen the audit verification of hospital costs, the main review of hospital cost accounting whether to insist on the historical cost principle, the principle of comparability, consistency principle, the accrual principle, the principle of separate accounting. The historical cost principle requires that the cost of the review whether the hospital Hospital of the actual consumption of economic resources, and only built on the basis of actual cost accounting and to ensure true and reliable accounting information; comparable accounting principles require the hospital must comply with the provisions of national unity, to provide comparable and accounting information; consistency principle requires hospital cost accounting with the accounting procedures and accounting methods used must be consistent on and can not change accounting methods; principles require accrual revenue, expenses should be recognized to the actual income and expenses as a confirmation measurement standards; separate accounting principles require the review whether the cost of Health care costs and drug-related accounts were set up, whether a separate accounting. Only strict distinction between medical costs and drug costs of the boundaries in order to correctly calculate the profit or loss the hospital, hospital medical services accurately reflect the and drug sales level during the actual cost. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com (d) a sound accounting management, the establishment of quantitative indicators of financial risk assessment
Rome was not built in a day. Arising from the financial crisis to worsen, not an instant result, often have experienced a gradual process of accumulation and transformation. So by observing the changes in these financial indicators can be played on the hospital to monitor the financial crisis , early warning role. At present, using the total return on assets, return on equity, asset-liability ratio, liquidity ratio, margin of safety funds rate, quick ratio, receivable turnover rate of seven indicators were detected. in which the first three efficiency indicators are state property, and then four of a financial operating indicators.

Other indicators such as business self-sufficiency rate, debt fund ratio, inventory turnover, etc., are built on the hospital financial early warning system can use the indicators. Not only to the financial situation of the hospital to establish indicators of the overall analysis of the various departments can also create a corresponding index coefficient thus supporting the formation of financial indicators system. This is a problem no matter which indicator and alarm to immediately determine the financial risk there can be a source of timely financial governance. should be gradually included in these financial indicators performance management plans, as the assessment standards so that the staff aware of such financial management is not just finance staff, hospital staff members for each of these financial indicators may be responsible for the changes to the financial management into comprehensive consideration, the means to prevent risks in the first place .

(E) a sound mechanism for effective risk prevention
In the establishment of quantitative indicators of financial risk assessment, while the risk to be complemented by an effective prevention mechanism. Specifically, 1. To set up a Risk Finance Group. Risk prevention team members are generally financial audit, accounts processing, bill management, and outpatient and emergency, the hospital in various positions at the head of the composition of .2. risk prevention group to introduce the concept of management process reengineering, financial processes of the current used to sort out, identify key risk areas and risk control points for the formulation of rules and regulations and rules for the operation and to ensure that the system's implementation and enforcement. to the hospital, the main risk control points including financial refunds, collection of business models, outstanding management of the patient, hospital medical expenses and other aspects of relief, pursuant to need to develop rules and regulations and related rules for the operation, including "<operating income remit system >>,<< finance charges refund management system and operating costs of nuclear change patient details >>,<< practices>> and so on. and This is also the need for a complete set of daily checks and regular auditing of combining monitoring mechanisms to ensure implementation of the system, in practice, build a sound risk prevention mechanism.

In short, the modern hospital's financial accounting management should only income from the past, the use of expenditure management into the management of capital; from passive to active risk management of financial risk prevention; regular assessment of the hospital's overall risk level of various risks and proposed risk management recommendations; always take effective control of risks in an important position, every regulation must be the development and business operations to effectively identify, measure, monitor and control risks effectively the main line, establish and improve risk prevention mechanism. so can modern financial management to meet the needs of the hospital.


[Main references]
[1] Zhu Wen-yuan. The need to improve the financial internal control system and measures [J]. Sichuan, Accounting, 2005, (7).

[2] Liu Jing, Li Zhumei. Internal control environment of [J]. Accounting Research, 2005, (2).

[3] Wu Dachun. On the establishment of the hospital management of financial risk monitoring and early warning indicator system [J]. Chinese Health Economics, 2002.

[4] Xiao-Qin Wang. On the hospital financial risk and prevention [J]. Modern medicine, 2007, (12).

[5] Luo Min. On the causes of hospital financial risk and countermeasures [J]. Chinese Health Service Management, 2008, (1).

[6] Kong-wei. Hospital financial risk control [J]. Modern business, 2008, (14).

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