Chen of the "Wholesale Westernization and nationalism Complex Theory

Paper Keywords: Westernization of the Total evolutionary holism Nationalism Cosmopolitanism
Abstract: of the Total Westernization claim that the theory of denial of cultural Nationalism and the unique, one-sided highlights the cultural era and universal. Of the Total Westernization of the subjective aim is an innovative national consciousness, making China out of national crisis , thus demonstrating a strong feeling of Nationalism, but by way of wholesale Westernization to innovation Culture, national consciousness, but a metaphysical type of logical speculation.

By Chen (1903 ~ 1967) in the twentieth century, two Chinese and Western debate on the thirties. He advocated the "total Westernization", the performance is not a spur of the moment. Nor is it to create something new. Based on the by Chen to discuss the theory of cultural Westernization of their deals is a national obsession meaningful perspective.

First, the Culture of cosmopolitanism and cultural holism
"Holism" is Chen Xujing theory held by the fundamental point of view. By Chen adhere to the Culture is an indivisible whole, "Culture itself is separate from the not, so it shows in all aspects. Are jointly and closely related to" Ilj, However, in order to facilitate Research on the subjective, structural analysis of people's Culture. from the Western and Eastern cultures is a holistic approach, Chen obtained by the Westernization of natural conclusion: "to be more effort to adopt Western culture, the overall accept it in good faith because it is a system itself, and its trend is all, not part of. "While culture as a system with integrity, but also a culture can be analytical. composed of various elements of a cultural system aspects are interrelated and form a harmonious organism, but "a cultural system behind the outdated, of course, and composition of the relevant elements of its culture, but the fundamental structure because of its unreasonable." [2] (P399) to get rid of China traditional culture, architecture, does not mean abandoning the overall composition of the various elements of cultural systems, because the Chinese culture in the formation, development process, has accumulated to form a cross-age, to adapt to the personality characteristics of modern social values. No but only the Chinese people, In fact, "every nation, there will be different from other ethnic groups, throughout all times, for the people of all ages accepted as a tradition to keep down the personality." [3] (P260)
Chinese and Western cultures into one would have their independence, but in modern times, Chinese culture has been developed in line with the era of Western capitalist culture of aggression, the Chinese nation is facing life and death crisis. By Chen from starting. Western capitalist culture that represents the development trend of world culture, the Chinese want to get rid of national crisis and the only way to achieve modernization is a comprehensive study of Western culture, the culture of Western capitalism and Western modernization model as the future development of world culture and realize the only modern standards and models, resulting in cultural theory, cosmopolitanism into a cultural center or a Western doctrine quagmire. by Chen that the Eastern culture and Western culture will eventually have access to a world culture, the so-called " world culture ", in essence, refers to the Western culture. Despite the logic can not be" globalization "with" Westernization "and can not be" Westernized "with" modernization. "But in Western culture under the control of modern world," Westernization "actually become" the world "and" modernization "of the pronoun. as emphasized by Chen said," In essence, fundamentally, the so-called trend for the world of culture, and the so-called representatives of modern culture, nothing more than Western culture. "In short," Western culture today, is the world's culture. "Western culture represents a world culture, indicating the direction of development of modern culture, no country or nation to realize modernization, have adopted the Western culture. Westernization jing On the. Advocated the initiative, as soon as possible, completely full absorption of the modern achievements of Western civilization, to adapt to the trend of the times, out of power into the forest of national crisis, reflected by Chen understand the vision of a world after Chinese and Western cultures.

But. Whether or cultural holism and cultural cosmopolitanism, in theory, have denied the national character and unique culture, one-sided highlights cultural era, universal. Different cultures not only similarities, but also differences sex. cultural differences mainly to differences in age and nationality differences. Chen denied by the fact of cultural differences within the national character. the one hand, culture is a tool for human adaptation to the external environment, which is constantly developing with the times The change, but on the other hand, culture is to maintain a national existence and development of the internal base, especially the decision level of the national spirit and values ​​of mental and spiritual aspects of cultural values, but not with changing times and immediate change. as scholars have pointed out, culture, "the decision level of the national spirit, is often shown great tradition of inertia force, does not change with changes in other aspects of the change immediately, only through the physical and chemical structure and spirit of the age-level changes or a strong impact on several times in order to gradually change, and can not be completely updated. "registered national characteristics and cultural identity for the nation and unite with the great value, and by Chen did not see this historical fact.

Second, the theory of evolution on the overall impact of Marxist and cosmopolitanism
By Chen's theory of cultural evolution mainly from Spencer, said: "The fundamental concept of evolution is the first, objects, and then there are biological, with the biological, psychological and social phenomenon and it is no person can deny . "that most of the iv from the direction of view of cultural development, cultural evolution, from low to high, from simple to complex, from the chaotic form of muddy desert, and into a special form of clear, from the loose and a small part of the combination of and become a part of the integration with most closely, from the desire to meet the requirements tends to a purpose. In the development of cultural evolution, mutation is of great significance. This "mutation" is the "total Westernization." biology He advocated the theory of evolution point of view is the root cause of total Westernization.

In the theory of evolution perspective, by Chen believes that Western culture adapt to the times and changes in the environment, representing the modern civilization, and Chinese culture, it is still a backward agricultural civilization, does not meet the requirements of the times, is bound by the times. He criticized View of Culture was the Restoration Movement, accused the Restoration Movement "that the environment is the same age. So sage legislation, can be imposed on Jesus Christ and for the whole world: they have forgotten the reason for the saints saints, all but this is the time the product and the environment! "
Since the modern theory of evolution is the fundamental radicalism in the evolutionary world view and values ​​under the guidance of representatives of the modern Western culture and progress, the representative of Chinese culture is traditional and backward, between tradition and modernity, is the opposite of the relationship between fire and water, to whether to be completely abandoned the modern tradition. May Fourth New Culture Movement activists, in between Chinese culture and Western culture, already contains the value of total Westernization trend. zhao Chinese and Western cultures that "differences between the two, if Yan divide. neither assimilation of the power, but also fresh fusion effect. "19] (P253) Chen said:" Europe enter the culture, and my Chinese inherent culture, and the fundamental nature of the extreme opposite. "Bol (ji 'in the evolutionary basis. by Chen must be obtained to Modernization Westernization conclusion: "If the Chinese do the modern world, a country. China should fully adopt and adapt to the overall culture of the modern world" of the Total Westernization "The concept of comprehensive anti-traditional cultural practice New Culture Movement is the spirit to undertake, but even more extreme nothing more. "
Third, the theoretical formulation by Chen and theoretical motivation
The critics have always accused the total Westernization is generally the lack of "Nationalism" in this dimension. SUN In "<Worship psychological and Wholesale Westernization>> a text, that are based on total Westernization is one of the social psychological basis of Worship psychology. In order to clarify this issue, here, we must first make a distinction: the Marxist theory of representation and motivation of the Marxist theory. Despite the theoretical formulation of Chen, the fiercely anti-tradition. This dimension is not nationalist, but his theory of motivation in this area has shown a strong feeling of Nationalism. Reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com when the total Westernization was accused of contempt for their own people national culture, by Chen responded by saying: "We think that our culture and Western culture difference, that is, only in varying degrees. rather than the different types, we adopted the Western culture overall. But the culture is built into a life, safety light can more contempt for the rustic own culture. ... ... looking from all aspects of culture, everything that we do not like people, no more than acknowledge their own shortcomings and mistakes ... ..., we can see total Westernization, not despise their own culture . "(Diao and that," Furthermore, the so-called wholesale Westernization, is so great importance to our culture. we have said. China tends to total Westernization, but the length of time. we do not own rush to Westernization. it certainly coercion to outsiders by Westernization. and then the true meaning of those, but the fork is nothing more than change in India, the Philippines second. to the point, race and the danger of dance with American Indians and Hmong China Li people, let alone in the past inherent in the culture. Sheshi us and to their total Westernization quickly, and then to develop and expand, then not only our own superior position in possession of world culture, the history of our ancestors had done in the achievements and get the glory. but also depends on us and synergetic. is today because of outsiders so despise our culture. and despise the culture of our fathers, but also of great importance for future share of world culture in an important position, and attention and our ancestors and their culture. "ridicule ('in Here, Chen past totally rejected by the traditional culture shift to the development of national culture. to avoid the "change in India, the Philippines second", their views before and after the tensions, contradictions, obvious relationships.

By Chen total Westernization is how to eliminate the feeling of nationalism among its intrinsic nervous? He believes that the cultivation of national consciousness does not depend on the maintenance of traditional culture, but to rely on wholesale Westernization, Westernization help because the new national consciousness generation. by Chen said: "We do not recognize the Western national consciousness is innate, but the formation of culture, then there is no reason why the development of national consciousness in China, but also non-congenital, but is formed by Chinese traditional culture. to sufficient to survive in the modern world of national consciousness, the negative aspects. is to abandon the past natural and cultural, as well as the formation of the stumbles have helped boost its sluggish national consciousness. positive aspects. we must completely and thoroughly westernized. to completely and thoroughly westernized, is excited from a new national consciousness and appropriate in the modern world. "ridicule iv" by Chen out of order for total Westernization criticism of national nihilism. He claims in the cultural theory, culture and nation is an external relations, culture The attitudes held a tool.

Of Chen that the total Westernization is the performance of national self-confidence. He said: "I believe China can thoroughly westernized nation overall, is the strongest national self-confidence. Because they believe China can 'Westernization' of the nation, is the belief that Western nation can create the culture. Chinese people are able to create. "ridicule () a" self-confidence strongest nation, "of course, have to consciously critique their own cultural traditions, learning the advanced culture of other nations sensible attitude, but there must also value their own the formation of cultural development in the fine tradition of intellectual attitude. This "dual rational attitude" of a national self-confidence is the most reasonable performance. by Chen's "national self-confidence" is only logical, actually fall into cultural nihilism into. Of course, by Chen's total Westernization in the reflection and criticism of Chinese traditional culture ills and shortcomings is a very deep, he rebuilt the Chinese culture subject of compassion is obvious. but by Chen through the wholesale Westernization way to create a national self-confidence, national salvation and realize national modernization, it is clear in theory and practice will not work. the existence of any nation and development are inseparable from the formation of the nation has accumulated cultural values , the new national culture are based on certain "old" on the basis of the national cultural tradition, from the "old" talk about "new" type of logic is just a metaphysical speculation, the objective is non-existent. A new ethnic cultures, neither is simply inherit the traditional "old culture", nor is it easy to migrate outside the so-called "new culture", the national culture and foreign culture, the collision is necessarily a complex and comprehensive dialectical process. by Chen in the cultural psychological motivation indeed is the starting point of nationalism, Westernization of the fundamental purpose is to revitalize the nation and the country to achieve modernization of the Chinese nation stand among the nations of the modern world. From this sense. westernized school as the true representatives of Chen is also a bit nationalists.

Although Chen's salvation by holding feelings of nationalism, but his denial of cultural Westernization of age and nationality unity, negating the traditional and the modern side of mutual adaptation. His total Westernization is actually "a simple binary opposition to the discretion of either-or thinking Chinese and Western, traditional culture and modernization of the complex cultural issues, both in theory and practice are wrong. the historical development of world civilization and trends that, along with two both antagonistic and complementary roots of global awareness and enhanced awareness, integration and multi-polar world, a world of cultural diversity more and more with each other to strengthen. "[131 Chen metaphysical by the use of either-or way of thinking, trying to Westernization path of development to strive for national independence and modernization. Are wrong. How nationalism and cosmopolitanism, Chinese culture and Western culture, traditional culture and modernization of this very complex issue, is still facing our time while continuing to explore the topic of the times. Links to Research Papers Download Center http://www.hi138.com