Japanese-Chinese translation skills of the new study

Abstract: The proverb carries a rich cultural connotations, it is the geographical and ethnic-specific environment, customs, religion, historical background and moral values ​​are all inextricably linked. Japanese proverb shows a strong national Culture. Proverbs is to convey meaning, spreading Culture of the bridge. The translation of the "Notes" is a translation of the translator to achieve its essential purpose as a means of translation is an important part. However, from the practical point of view translation , translating the "Notes" improper use policy will inevitably lead to not note when the note, display Traditional and Simplified loss of degrees, still does not note the phenomenon of injection. Therefore, we should be in the translation of Japanese to understand the cultural connotation of Proverbs and cultural differences between China and Japan, flexible and accurate use of the "Notes" translation strategies, the "Notes" in the translation skills to play its unique role.

Keywords:: Japanese-Chinese translation and cultural notes

A Japanese proverb that reflects social and cultural life

1.1 The performance of the Japanese proverb weather and the natural environment
The performance of the Japanese meteorological proverbs and sayings of the natural environment a lot of this may be varied with the weather in Japan and the beautiful natural landscape of Japan, on four distinct seasons. So inspired the Japanese cherish nature, celebrating the praise of nature feelings. in a large number of Japanese proverbs reflect this sentiment. summarize a large number of concepts in life, lessons learned.

About the weather are:
Tan ri toward the great day �� �� �� ��
Night Rain �� �� �� �� ri rain tomorrow
Ant �� �� �� �� �� �� high set �� �� �� rain
On animals are:
Three cats �� �� �� forgotten three days grace �� �� ��
Carp shallow �� ��
Cat Health �� �� �� �� �� elderly wa ri
On the plant are:
���� �� �� Ju Iris on the 10th
Buckwheat flowers �� �� Sheng ri a
Ni salt vegetables
1.2 The delivery of social experience, thought-provoking "social proverb"
In addition to weather and natural phenomena of Proverbs, the Japanese proverbs, many also passed a social experience, thought-provoking "social proverb." The proverbs tell people in society and acted methods and knowledge of how to enrich people's lives, how to open vision. obvious from these proverbs reflect the Japanese worldview and values. For example:
To have �� �� �� �� who ru by the na �� �� �� �� Shi
Cute child �� �� �� �� �� �� �� Travel
�� �� �� three door special �� know Megumi
1.3 reflect the religious beliefs of the Proverbs of Japan
Japan's freedom of religious belief, but it is also a belief in the kingdom concept of impermanence. Ancient Japanese by Confucianism and Buddhism and other thinking, the formation of the indifferent, volatile national character. These characters make in the treatment of Japanese life, it is particularly significant aspect of doing things . In Japan the kind of unique personality, and do not give up the behavior of the people around are not recognized. In Japanese thinking, behavior, life in the Confucian influence is given to them is enormous. The Shinto is the Japanese mainland doctrine, also affected the Japanese way of life and thought. Confucian love, Shinto and Buddhism do good rule to reconcile the evil, this idea of ​​retribution on the Japanese attitude toward life had a tremendous influence. also from the Japanese proverb been well reflected in:
Kadomatsu trip �� �� �� way deep in the tomb of a
�� fear of God into the ri Valley �� Guizi Mu
When bitter �� �� �� �� God Dependent
And so on. In addition, with regard to Buddhism are:
Nao �� �� �� Bodhi trouble thou ri
See �� �� �� �� know very �S �� Fo
Place the main hate �� �� �� ri �� hate �� robe and so on.


2 Japanese way of thinking behavior of proverbs

Japan is an island surrounded by the sea, special location, unique historical change, the formation of a unique Japanese way of life, ways of thinking and the inherent lifestyle. To form a broad cultural context. Japanese thinking is characterized by a focus on intuitive, practical, concrete. which used specific images of words to express ideas. while the manner of expression is often subtle, ambiguous. Language is the carrier of Culture, language, dominated by the ideology. the Japanese way of thinking In the Japanese proverb can also be evident.

2.1 Japanese way of thinking of concrete
Concrete thinking is concrete and the image of thought. With concrete thinking, the Japanese like some of the more abstract concepts and categories with the objective of specific images or gestures. They are good at using metaphor and symbolism of the manipulation on the abstract meaning of the expression, through the intuitive symbolic representation to comprehend. Japan is an island, a single nation, long-term form of a closed society, so that the formation of a single Japanese thinking; common cultural background and lifestyle, but also caused the Japanese model of the association on . Japanese Proverbs with a concrete metaphor of mostly as a pastoral static picture. This kind of thinking left in the Japanese proverb track. For example:
Scratch the back of the jaw �� <, wind �� Liu, Fox �� Beaver, months ago �� stars, and so on.

Concrete Thinking of the Japanese concept deeply rooted in Japanese, and has been using so far.

2.2 The integration of the Japanese way of thinking
Japan attaches great importance to collective strength, great emphasis on the collective integrity. They think that the collective force is powerful, personal basis only in order to develop a collective. It is necessary to keep such personal and collective harmony. Unconventional, from the collective, their own behavior as the center there is no market in Japan, would be subjected to exclusion around. This way of thinking in Japanese proverb was well reflected. For example:
Hang out ru (�� ��) �� �� play ta ru
Public gong thou ri
People love �� ��
Proverbs than most typical "and to �� �� �� �� �� �� �� your" this proverb has. It emphasizes the harmony between people and become the fundamental behavior of the Japanese model. Ampang country as the highest creed.

2.3 The behavior of the ambiguous nature of the Japanese
Special geographic environment and cultural background, making the Japanese formed their own behavior, they are afraid to hurt each other, therefore not a positive impact on each other, talk ambiguous, subtle phrasing, but more is to allow each other to guess its meaning . Japanese Culture is also often referred to as "words �� ��" Culture. In Japan, there are many proverbs reflect this ambiguity of the Japanese language. reflects the behavior of the Japanese. For example:
Flowers made wa �� ��
�� �� ri ta loss statements made wa �� �� �� �� loss
Statement made �� �� �� �� �� win ru
In addition, the "implication", "No words of love", is also an important feature of the Japanese language.


3 "Notes" the use of Translation

Note that the translator needs to be added based on readers to translate the text, not in the original explanation or understanding of the individual translator. Note the contents of the additional background material is mainly to introduce the customs and folklore, introduces the characters or a specific time, the introduction social and human knowledge, and the translator that description should be supplemented, are essential purpose of the translator to achieve a means of translation. But the status quo is the practice of translation: the translator comments on whether, when and how to comment on the issue notes often also only based on individual judgments or preferences to deal with, not perhaps do not need to have appropriate rules to be limited. Although this is the case, but the "Notes" should have the following skills in the use of several criteria:
�� concise, meaning place. Too long may interfere with the reader notes the normal reading.

�� understand the original, will note when the note. Should be targeted, according to translations of readers to decide whether to set filling.

�� clearly marked, the appropriate location. According to the original length, subject matter determine the form of notes: sentence add the word, filling the page, Wen Hou filling and so on.

Cultural differences, there exists the need to comment. Except for some professional articles on the language itself notes, the notes can be said that culture is basically a comment. Works of literary translation in the Proverbs and the methods used in annotations, to some extent may affect the smooth translation, to read the inconvenience, but as far as possible to make translation to display the original culture, the culture of the original faithfully Chuandi information, comments will play an irreplaceable role. Mr. Tan Zaixi said: " Translation of the meaning of the original understanding, far from being a simple problem of language comprehension. Language is an integral part of culture, it is being affected by cultural influences and constraints.

In the translation process so important to the understanding of culture, but also in the translation of cultural information is a complete transfer, constitutes a translation problem. So, the rational use of annotations to solve this problem is an unavoidable choice.


4 Cultural Perspective of Chinese and Japanese proverb "Notes" translation "naturalized" and "alienation" technique

In Proverbs, for some of the original cultural connotation and difficult to translate with the Department, in general, two strategies: ie: naturalization policy strategy and of alienation.

Japanese translated into Chinese "Adaptation" can be said to be finished, it took a Chinese expression, friendliness of the Chinese readers, the benefit is easy to read Chinese readers, defects are often separated from the original translation too far, so translation lost original connotation of the cultural mood and reduced fresh readers Japanese proverb. "alienation" has the advantage of enabling the reader to obtain a completely different reading experience, the downside is that reading may not be smooth, perhaps even difficult to understand .

For example, in translation of Proverbs, the the "monkey moo wood �� �� down �� kuru" translated as "wise man, there must be a failure", the "Zun �� �� �� �� video �� means su" translated, "said the devil", which is typical Naturalization Act used the translation. It is essentially a paraphrase, it is consistent with Chinese tastes, but lost in the translation of the original Japanese flavor, replace the image with the Chinese image of the original Japanese. If these two Proverbs were translated into: "ape branch, although high, will fall from the tree" and "said this person, this person figure is", then it retains the image of the original Japanese, and to convey the original well information, more playful and relatively faithful to the original, though obviously more wordy, but it is relatively lively. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download In the Japanese-Chinese translation, is the use of domestication or Alienation Act, currently vary, and some more of that approach alienated recognized and accepted by the translator, some 30 years that the alienation of the last century, apart from law once accounted for dominant position, the other most of the time, most of the translators have used the normalization of the translation approach. No matter which method is used, can not be generalized is good or bad, the main concern is the core of whether the attention of the following areas:
4.1 translation to comply with National and regional cultural background
In today's literary translation theory, cultural translation has never been occupied an important position. The reader can understand the translator to convey the correct meaning is not that language is culture. Some scholars believe that the language as an integral part of culture, Culture is both a representation form, but also a social and cultural phenomenon. For language into the translator is based on cultural transformation has become an important theme. in particular the practice of translation, the original cultural background is behind the considered an integral part of the translation. visible, proverbs, or literary translation is the core of cultural translation. translation is successful, whether the reader is reading that the original cultural background, can not personally experienced through the experience of reading another life and culture. This should be a proverb or a work to translate the laws for naturalization or alienated by the primary standard method.

4.2 The timely translation of the key is to have degree
Some home using normalized translation, translation very well, but some use of alienation, the effect is not bad. Thus, using what methods translation, according to the different scenarios, different content, different needs be. for naturalization to translate the normalized method, on the contrary alienation of law on the use of translation. So in the translation of proverbs or literature must take account of two aspects of domestication and alienation, that is to feel with the Japanese, Chinese readers taste, show the customs of the Japanese language. Alienation either, as long as the master of the "degree", can achieve a good translation effect. Excessive reduction, the Japanese will destroy the original image and the original cultural background; over-emphasis on alienation, that is too much in pursuit of the original Japanese language forms, it may be too cumbersome. Therefore, the translation is the key to timely, there are degrees.

4.3 When using the comments of alienation law
Naturalization Act or by law to note the use of alienation has a decisive influence. Using normalized method is necessary to abandon the strategy of a comment by alienation method, must be difficult to translate, it is difficult to understand the Department for comment.

Domestication is generally manifested in the language level, the alienation of most of the performance to convey the level of culture. In the Japanese translation of the language in order to help readers understand the obstacles to cross, and fully appreciate the Japanese culture, many people will adopt a strategy of alienation. But For Chinese people, due to cultural differences, often some of the Japanese customs, living conditions and habits of thought familiar to the Chinese people not affect the work of the understanding of proverbs or literature. This would have to be "annotated" to better understand the original Japanese original culture and customs and living conditions.


5 examples of proverbs

Proverbs are long life, according to the experience of people created and passed down through the millions of people, tempered, processing, sound and spread the world, is the crystallization of collective wisdom, the essence of language is a form of culture. In general , rich in culture and proverbs proverbs constitute an obstacle, and even suggested that proverbs, maxims as a special kind of linguistic phenomenon, could not find a corresponding target language fully, and thus can not be translated in a way. In Proverbs and literary works in translation of course, there are similar difficulties, but because of the long-term Sino-Japanese cultural interactions, there are a number of distinctive features, the formation of Japanese Proverbs by some of the impact of Chinese culture, translation often have deja vu does not feel strange.

Citation 1, he said, "One day, Naoya Shiga irritable because of heart, to the edge of the road to kick down Jizo, and later have a sciatic nerve disease, the child also died �E �E" <<Japanese Learning AND Research "> 2003 3 (P67).

Text as: "worm �� home (��) �� �� �� �� �� ��" / bad mood, not happy.

Citation 2, then loyalty is to the Secretary of the stepmother is seeking to visit the principal places of detention spare, the exhaustion of a variety of ways, but eventually to no avail. Shek Chuanda c <<setbacks>> <<Japanese Learning AND Research "" -2004 s 2 (P70).

Text as: "A million square hand �� do ku su" / do everything possible.

Citation 3, I thought I just let her know that I am so angry, she would give up the idea out. <<Japanese Learning AND Research "" -2003 3 (P67).

Text as: "High �� include (�� ��) ��" / look down, be taken lightly.

Citation 4, I often think Travel is such so-called people know what to do it? Morimoto Tetsuro <<Miles �� �� �� trip million books>> <<Japanese Learning AND Research "" -2004 4 (P72).

Text as: "Twilight �� �� �� purposes side" / loss.

Citation 5, the wife of thick child in the house side of the stack of the hanging laundry, while another old tune. To Tianbang Zi <<�� �� �� ��>> <<Japanese Learning AND Research "> 1999, 4 (P60).

Text as: "�� �� �� �� �� steamed back to su" / old tune.

6 Citation, although the road is leading to career block, unable to realize their aspirations in this regard, but in the private legal profession is still a glorious future. <<Japanese Learning AND RESEARCH "" -2004 2 (P73).

Text as: "Ji foot stretch �� �� ��" / talent, genius, talent.

Citation 7, great. Sure enough, three wheels are not aware of it. But it must not here to smile. To Tianbang Zi <<crucian carp>> <<Japanese Learning AND RESEARCH "> 2000 2 (P65).

Text as: "a good friend �� collapse su" / grin.


6 Conclusion

Translation of proverbs or literature Alienation used strategy, which is the original style, characteristics and the translator has a lot to personal preferences. Access to the translation of the Japanese proverb, you can find what is the Japanese Proverbs Alienation is not so entirely different, more efforts to preserve and show the translation in the original language and cultural style of the same features, but also try to be as easy to read, understand, in the alienation of law tend to take a middle road. So the "Notes" is always attention by most translators. Chinese and Japanese history, culture, customs and even the life of similarities, in some cases, not the so-called naturalization, but the nation has different characteristics between the two countries, in order to highlight the two countries national culture, need to show the alienation of law means that the cultural distance. present in the form of the translation industry for comment, all the analysis of the role of translation in English is the basic object of the Japanese literary translation problems studied under the Notes very small. Thus translation of Japanese literature Japanese proverb notes and even has its uniqueness, it is mainly China and Japan "with the language and culture with" mutual exchange of deeper integration, but have a strong culture among the independence of the features of each into a uniform.


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