Service Government values ​​and code of conduct

[Abstract] migrant workers problems related to social stability and sustained and steady economic growth, therefore, service-oriented government in addressing the return of migrant workers issues should be people-oriented and social equity values, and from the financial, Information, Technology and policy aspects of the re-employment of migrant workers returning home or business to provide support and services.

[Keywords:] service-oriented government values ​​the re-employment of migrant workers code of conduct

Since the reform and opening up, the Government placed on the market the role of farmers under the main body of the peasants as the market alone to take market risk, and lack of guidance to farmers, the necessary communication and ideological Education, in this case, the farmers lost planned economy the government interference with the usual protection of a loss. The financial crisis in the context of migrant workers is the role of the market failure of a large number of returning the embodiment. Therefore, the service role of government must be to compensate for market deficiencies in resource allocation to establish a complementary market and the government's two-track operation and coordination mechanism, to further clarify the value of service orientation and the government code of conduct.


A service-oriented government in promoting the return of migrant workers face problems in re-employment
"Service-oriented government" is the first of our local government and academia proposed and implemented in some places, and after the adoption of a concept central .2004, Premier Wen Jiabao held at the Central Party School, the principal leaders of provincial and ministerial level cadres "establish and implement scientific Development "theme of the closing ceremony gave a class <" Raising awareness, unity of thinking, to firmly establish and implement the scientific concept of Development>> of speech, the first time to "strive to build a service-oriented government." service-oriented government is civil standard, social standard concept under the guidance of the democratic order in the whole framework of society, through legal procedures, set up in accordance with the will of citizens that the citizens and assume service responsibilities for the purpose of government. speaking from the economic level, the government exists to to correct "market failure."
In the market economy, the rural surplus labor into the city, according to NBS statistics monitoring survey of migrant workers, as of December 31, 2008, the national total of 22,542 million migrant workers. Which employed outside the town of farmers out number of 14041 million workers, accounting for 62.3% of the total migrant workers; and this phenomenon has been the lack of government attention and guidance, the 2008 financial crisis, a large number of unemployed migrant workers return home, which is the governance and Development in rural areas is both opportunity and a challenge, but the government use and management of human resources in rural areas put forward higher requirements, but also to urban management is a big challenge.

For this crisis, the government is to promote re-employment of migrant workers returning home to take a series of policies and measures, so far, these government actions there are corresponding problems.

1.1 The lack of specificity and effectiveness of training
In most local governments in 2008, after the tide of returning migrant workers have carried out relevant training for migrant workers, such as plumbers, welders. In addition, some of these places, for the return of migrant workers are willing to read the young secondary people to give part of the subsidies, to encourage them to re-Education. This measure will help improve the quality of returning migrant workers. But the culture of migrant workers suffered different degrees of interest in different hobbies, different in nature from previous jobs have led to difficult individualized training, lack of targeted. In addition the lack of a sound assessment of the training and effectiveness of mechanisms, such as training costs and use the lack of openness of the budget, reducing the effectiveness of training.

1.2 pairs of the founder of township enterprises and the lack of appropriate supervision and restraint subsidy mechanism
The Development of township enterprises play a significant role in rural economy. Reform and opening up, major towns are actively encouraging the Development of township enterprises. The financial crisis, some local governments to absorb migrant workers return home for township enterprises to adopt the approach to financial subsidies, and actively attract investors. township enterprises where there is fiscal subsidies or tax breaks for ways to encourage rural enterprises to absorb the local migrant workers.

However, some local governments to pursue their own economic interests of performance objectives and the lack of proper supervision of township and village enterprises and constraints, condone its violations of the rights of migrant workers and damage the interests of local people. The actual goal of the government deviated from the theoretical target, leading officials compete with the people and officials of the phenomenon of storing wealth.

1.3 pairs of the lack of venture migrant workers and guidance of professional services
China adopted a series of measures to encourage the return of migrant workers return home business, such as: the return of migrant workers start to give some financial subsidies, interest-free or low-interest loans for lower taxes. Migrant workers learned while working outside to a lot of management and other skills, has accumulated a certain amount of money and experience. the conditions are ripe for these migrant workers start to give small loans and support for lower taxes, and before they start their business knowledge training. In Liuyang City, migrant workers to apply for business start-rich business applications for private pay, after review, approval after passing the interview, and in accordance with its project to give a different number of micro-credit support.

However, due to the lack of migrant workers venture professional training and guidance, and rural social security system is not complete, although the cause of migrant workers but the lack of entrepreneurial and business operations. Also, the Government lacks the financial institutions risk prevention mechanism and risk compensation mechanisms establish and improve the help and support, reducing their loans to farmers enthusiasm and reliability.

Therefore, service-oriented government should establish a complementary market and the government running and coordination of the two-track mechanism. The market is a pair of invisible hands, it will inevitably lead to a lot of people ignore the signals, especially migrant workers, they have not received a high cultural Education, it is difficult to identify their interests with the closely related market Information, but also bear the risks of the market, so service-oriented government should compensate for the lack of market mechanisms for the return of migrant workers to provide re-employment and entrepreneurship needs of migrant workers Information services, capital, knowledge, policy and other help and support and promote the interests of the government itself and the interests of migrant workers a better combination.


2 service-oriented government in solving the re-employment of migrant workers return home values ​​in the
The so-called values, refers to a value of the subject (may include personal, social, groups, classes, parties, peoples, nations and the whole human society) values ​​according to certain standards or value choices made by the behavior of the target point, it is Evaluation of the value of the main through the choice of the real value of the existing target to take excellent care inferior, whichever is greater, based on a small abandoned the intention of behavior. in addressing the problem of re-employment of migrant workers return home, you must change the traditional management of government and values, to speed up construction of service-oriented government. The current bureaucracy is conservative grass-roots government and village cadres to implement management, neglect of social development and changes brought about by the issue and can not adequately meet the needs of social development and address the emergence of new social problem.

Service-oriented government in solving the problem of returning migrant workers should be people-oriented and social justice values.

Value people-oriented government should fully understand the requirements of migrant workers in the important role of national economic development, provide services for migrant workers should fully take into account the actual situation of migrant workers and the need for the return of migrant workers in the re-employment and entrepreneurship providing support and help. Government to provide services to meet the human development, taking into account the re-employment of migrant workers after the potential to provide a variety of ways for continuing Education.

Values ​​of social justice requires government equitable provision of public goods and public services, to reduce regional disparities and urban-rural gap and the gap between rich and poor. The Government, when providing public services to promote social equity to value orientation, migrant workers in the community in a the status of vulnerable groups, can not be fair access to basic public services such as children's Education in the city is limited. Therefore, the Government should carry out reform, rationalize the relationship between central and local governments for local innovation to carry out its functions and powers to provide the appropriate financial authority and for local administrative performance evaluation system to establish a science, the concept of social justice embodied in the basic service.


3 service-oriented government in addressing the employment of migrant workers and then return a code of conduct
Based on the above values, to promote the return of migrant workers re-employment and entrepreneurship, the Government should fully understand the return of the characteristics and needs of migrant workers, migrant workers rightly recognized the importance of the role of social and economic development and the importance of correctly recognized reasonable solution to the return of migrant workers re-employment and entrepreneurship issues for other conflicts such as the social gap is too large, urban-rural gap is too large, rear children, the role of problem solving, the government's own interests and the interests of migrant workers combined.

3.1 Construction of basic services system for the employment of migrant workers and provide a good environment for business
Employment of migrant workers and entrepreneurs have a certain blindness in large part, this is because their education level of migrant workers determined, so the government should build a need for migrant workers and farmers of service model must change the existing requirements of grass-roots government personnel operating mode to achieve the Government innovation, that is constantly using new methods and techniques to improve the efficiency of government work or services to achieve government objectives.

Construction of this model requires the Government must first understand the migrant workers return home and re-employment status of migrant workers and needs of migrant workers to register various aspects of the management.

The second is the introduction of mechanisms to improve grassroots talent, along with social development and changes in the management of grass-roots level is also more complex, traditional management tools and methods have not reasonably solve complex social problems, In addition, the complexity of social problems , diversification, variability, correlation makes the basic management needs of high-quality personnel. the most recent years of the transferring students and the Student Village project on the development of grass-roots played a certain role, but the introduction of imperfect mechanism and management mechanism so that the introduction of primary human target was not fully realized.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com third is to build grassroots leadership and service system evaluation system combines the masses, the masses of the Local Government and the people in direct contact, their work performance and work directly to the vital interests of the masses of the people, the establishment of leadership and the masses with the appraisal system is conducive to achieving the Government's own interests and the interests of migrant workers combine to make the government work closely with the masses.

The fourth is the location of origin of migrant workers and migrant workers government workers employed in the government staff to mutual Information exchange and cooperation mechanism established to ease the pressure on the management of the two governments.

3.2 sound social security system for migrant workers worries about the re-employment and entrepreneurship
Development of China's economic structure is the urban-rural dual system, the gap between urban and rural development, economic development on the surface of the gap between the hardware, various management mechanisms is essentially the gap between software, such as the social security system and health care system . At present, China was established in the rural cooperative medical care in rural areas, but the lack of demand for the return of migrant workers and migrant workers to consider the status quo. due to lack of necessary social security mechanism, a large number of migrant workers must be prepared to fund the tuition and medical expenses for their children, so accounting for 70% of the total population of migrant workers and farmers is not only the general level of consumption is very low, and the lack of entrepreneurial initiative. As the majority of migrant workers and farmers bottlenecks to economic development, improve rural social security system is extremely important to economic development.

For the return of migrant workers to establish the social security system should be based on their needs and improve step by step, such as pension insurance and their children's education establishment and improvement of the insurance mechanism should be the first place. The second is to improve their social security consciousness and awareness, and implementation before the implementation of the Government must make a corresponding thought in the work of ideological education of migrant workers, migrant workers to raise awareness of the degree of the social security system.

3.3 Construction of knowledge and Technology promotion model for re-employment of migrant workers and provide the knowledge and technical support for entrepreneurship
Information and knowledge economy makes the information and knowledge to become the first productivity, and information important role in today's era of government management of information management as an important component of social issues also complicate the management of the cultural quality of the government proposed higher demand.

Service-oriented government to promote the improvement of income of migrant workers and rural development to be building a knowledge and Technology promotion and information dissemination model to fit the needs of migrant workers and create greater economic benefits. This model of government-led The first full use of universities and social Research results and Technology to rural areas to absorb the community; the second is to encourage employers of migrant workers for technical training and education, the content by the government, migrant workers and employers determine the three parties, the establishment of the Government - the employer mechanism for co-culture unit; third is to establish a common culture of government and university mechanisms for full use of university resources. taking full advantage of modern media, the establishment of specialized workers needed Xuan Chuannong TV business, the theory of employment, etc. knowledge, or the publication of specialized books for study and Research of migrant workers; the government should periodically selected according to their interests and needs of migrant workers staging classification training. In addition, the government has to set up a special advisory body to guide the business and employment of migrant workers .

Finally, this mode of assessment to develop a sound mechanism to ensure the practical application of this model in the process of continuous improvement. To ensure that government actions are consistent with the needs of migrant workers.

3.4 The establishment of rural cooperative organizations regulate, legalize the status of its legal and institutional support
Traditional small-scale peasant mode of operation and the current household contract responsibility system did not enable farmers to realize the importance of interest groups formed. Although a large number of migrant workers, prevalent in the work relationship between the exchange of unequal values, but they lack interest groups formed to protect their own interests and rights awareness. With the development of society, migrant workers must realize their own interests to build a community based on the importance and necessity. Let us call this group called the Association of migrant workers.

The establishment of associations of migrant workers benefit the peasants and migrant workers in the community the scope of members in achieving self-management, democratic decision-making, and achieving the organization to better safeguard the interests of members. As a service-oriented government should work for farmers Association established to provide appropriate guidance and information services, to its corresponding legal status, so that in practice the process of standardization, and efficient, the legal system.

3.5 improve the legal system of public financial management, and promote the scientific management of public finances
First, public financial management objectives and stability, and second, development, and third is to achieve social equity, which in the return of migrant workers there are many unstable factors, the employment of migrant workers without a sound system also appeared in the society a lot of labor conflict . rural gap is too large and too big gap between rich and poor has seriously affected the normal social development and social stability, therefore, the promotion of public financial management, legal and scientific imperative.

Over the past few decades, public finance too much inclined to the city, coupled with agricultural and industrial products scissors, rural emergence of the "poor and" the situation. View of the actual situation, service-oriented government management of public finances should also serve the public, to promote social justice as the goal.

3.6 on migrant workers and improve labor relations system for the protection of legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers provide a legal basis
<<PRC Labor Law "> thirty-sixth article," National implementation of employee working hours not exceed eight hours a day, the average weekly working hours do not exceed 44 hours working hours system. "Thirty-eighth article," employer shall ensure that all workers at least a week off 1. "But according to the survey, 87% of this provision the employer does not employ migrant workers. Not only that, migrant workers low wages and poor working environment is also a feature of their work .

These problems because a large number of rural surplus labor force, so that supply exceeds demand for migrant workers, coupled with the quality of their own culture of migrant workers is generally low, the vast majority of the work is simple manual labor, and the location of the employer Government for its own performance targets and economic interests of the Government and its staff's interests above the interests of migrant workers, lack of supervision and control of the employer. Thus, the traditional goals and working methods of the government clearly violated the national will, as an indirect violation of the interests of migrant workers behind the scenes people.

Therefore, service-oriented government to replace the traditional management-oriented government is to adapt to the needs of solving the problem of migrant workers, she was a citizen-based, emphasizing service, communication, education, and not simply the executive orders. Construction of service-oriented government must also have sound mechanisms for citizen participation, employment of migrant workers in the development process of the system, there must be a certain proportion of migrant workers representatives.

3.7 The reform of rural financial system for migrant workers to provide credit support entrepreneurship
For rural development can not only rely on the Government's budget and expenditure, the government should be based on primary resources available in rural areas, and tap the advantages and potential of rural development. As a service-oriented government should establish a variety of financing channels for rural development and migrant workers the introduction of the development of venture capital, including the contemporary financial institutions and other enterprises or individuals of social investment and loans, credit establishment of a standardized system of migrant workers, provide appropriate benefits to their business. to encourage financial institutions to grant small business migrant workers loans, and help them establish a scientific and risk of loans and risk compensation mechanisms to prevent, by the government on migrant workers professional assessment and guidance on entrepreneurial projects to improve the success rate of migrant workers and economic benefits of entrepreneurship, promote the professionalization of government services .


References
[1] social security system reform in difficult areas. A NOTE book. Water Resources and Hydropower Press, Beijing .2004.

[2] China's population and economic development. Works by the. University Press .2004.

[3] service-oriented Government. Wu acoustic power forward. Social Sciences Academic Press .2006.7.

[4] build service-oriented theory and practice of the government. Well sensitive book. Peking .2006.11.

[5] <"Public Service Government Guide>>. Junpeng with. Party History Publishing House .2005.11.

[6] <<build support for migrant workers return home business policy system>>. Lee with Lin.

[7] <<Study start returning migrant workers in Hunan Province --- An Empirical Analysis Based on>>. Yang Li Gao, Liu Jin-Zhong, Zhang Jing, Li Wei rudder.

[8] Hunan: the "Sunshine Project" accomplishing the return of migrant workers satisfied "with the popular project." Agricultural Science and Technology Education Network 2009, 10, 09.

[9] <"China Agricultural Modernization Research">. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press. Guhuan Zhang Zhang ultra editor .1988.4.

[10] <"The Japanese experience in modern service industry development in rural areas and for Reference>>. Reform and opening 272 .2009.07.

[11] <<abandon the bureaucratic system: five strategies for reinventing government>>. Renmin University of China Press. David Osborne / Patrick Peter Plath book .2002.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com