On the Reform of Accounting System

Abstract: With the continuous deepening of reform of Higher Education, colleges and universities highlights the current accounting system can not meet many of the problems with the university development. Only the accounting system to further improve and innovate, to adapt to the university for sustainable development.

Keywords: college accounting system, problems, thinking

Of <<of Accounting System (Trial)>>, since January 1, 1998 has been promulgated and implemented the beginning, for the accounting practices in universities, strengthen financial management and played an important role. But with the development of market economy and the Higher Education Reform deepening of Accounting environment has many new changes, the existing accounting system for universities to change is inevitable.


A cash basis method of accounting for income untrue

Provisions of the current university accounting system, the principle of cash basis accounting system for university income, so the book can only reflect on the students received tuition, lodging, and for students have not paid due fees, accommodation and other financial accounts not be reflected on. In addition, the year before the current fiscal year receive tuition, accommodation and other revenue as the fiscal year, the accounting treatment of such requirements with the current lack of coordination costs associated with accounting students. In addition, receivables shall not have been a true reflection of the school fees and accommodation, tuition and accommodation fees receivable, non-payment of tuition and lodging.

To fully understand such as college tuition and accommodation revenue integrity, suggested a change of cash basis for the accrual, abolish the "receivable and temporary payment" subjects, set up "accounts receivable", "other receivables "" prepayments "and other subjects. in the" accounts receivable "account in the accounts receivable set up two detailed subjects such as tuition and accommodation type of income. financial officers at the beginning of each school year, according to the situation of students up and Registration , statistics such as student fees payable for tuition fees, accommodation for the academic year revenue and income recognition, increase the "accounts receivable" (tuition fees, accommodation, etc.), while increasing "financial accounts payable section." When actually received by the tuition and accommodation, an increase in "money funds" subject to reduce the "accounts receivable" (tuition fees, accommodation, etc.), when turned over to the financial account, the reduction of "fiscal accounts payable section" to reduce "money funds "account, when the allocation of fees received by the financial return, an increase in" money funds "subjects, while increasing revenue," one by one Education tuition and fees revenue. "When confronted with student drop-out, when the tuition waiver, according to the amount of actual adjust the relevant subjects.

"Other receivables" account personal loans accounting faculty and staff should receive all advances and other payments. "Advance payment" subject to the supplier accounting unit order the equipment prepaid amounts.


Second, the depreciation of fixed assets is not set related subjects

No depreciation of fixed assets, can not truly reflect the value of fixed assets. The current <<Accounting System>> extract the repair only requires purchase of University funds, without requiring depreciation. Revised Share Fund revenues and operating income in accordance with the cause of a certain percentage of extraction , the value of fixed assets not linked to wear and tear, does not reflect its actual value. Extraction of repair funds will not reduce the share book value of fixed assets, which resulted in artificially high of Fixed Assets, financial condition true. there is no disposal of fixed assets subject is not conducive to the sale of college financial sector, obsolescence, damage to assets. the university accounting system is not a "disposal of fixed assets" subject, on the one hand of Fixed Assets sold, scrapped or destroyed when the occurrence of a direct offset against the "fixed assets" and " Fixed Fund "account, the proceeds received or Bianjiashouru credited directly to the" special fund purchase of a repair fund "subjects, this approach does not reflect the disposal of fixed assets in the consolidated income, expenditure and net profit or loss after cleaning up, on the other hand do not a "Disposal of fixed assets" account is not conducive to college financial management.


Three state colleges and universities in the capital construction investment accounting, not included in university accounting

The formation of such a provision within the university, two accounting entity, an accounting Education activities, an accounting of investment in infrastructure. Make any accounting of the main economic activities can only reflect one aspect of college, contrary to the basic requirements and accounting principles . In particular, in recent years, expanding college enrollment, rapid growth of investment in infrastructure, many construction projects by school loans, loan principal and interest repaid by the school finance. As an independent accounting of the accounting infrastructure, and loan interest paid by the school, not out Finance costs into the infrastructure, resulting in school debt situation is not real, infrastructure projects costing is not accurate.

Infrastructure should be accounted for accounting accounting into the university, set up in the asset class "Engineering materials", "Construction in progress" two-level subjects. "Engineering materials" Accounting for infrastructure projects for universities all actual costs of materials, "in construction "of colleges and universities accounted for actual expenditures incurred for capital construction. On the revenue category of" financial assistance income "under the" Infrastructure funding income ", accounting for the school fiscal year, special funds transferred to the infrastructure end of the year into the" infrastructure balance, "the credit . On the expenditure category to cancel "carry-over self-infrastructure", added, "capital expenditure" accounting infrastructure projects completed in the year to total expenditure, from the settlement completion of the project "in progress" into the course aims to debit. at the end of transfer savings into the infrastructure debit. In addition the net asset class "infrastructure balance" account, a credit balance that the cumulative amount of funding the project completed, a debit balance that the number of completed self-financing Engineering schools, year-end balance to its "business funds."

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com four non-standard classification of debt

<<Accounting System>> requirements, colleges and universities set up in the balance sheet "borrowing items" subject to various borrowing accounts. In recent years, universities have expanded the scale of the infrastructure to focus on vigorously, causing a heavy .2004 debt burden, the Audit Commission directly under the central sector of 18 universities in financial revenue and expenditure for 2003 audit found that the end of 2003, 18 universities in total debt 7.275 billion yuan, an increase of more than 45% in late 2002. in which the fundamental building 82% of debt form. and these debts are basically long-term loans, long-term debt and short-term debt in the consolidated statement presentation is not conducive to university administrators of debt risk, is not conducive to financial institutions in evaluating the financial situation of universities.

In the balance sheet, liabilities, current liabilities and divided into two major categories of long-term liabilities, according to the length of order due date. "Borrow money" divided into "short-term loans" and "long-term loans", points out in the current liabilities and long-term liabilities next.


Five-run industrial investment, other foreign investment and the actual value of the departure from

University set up on the current run industrial investment, other foreign investment is implemented in accordance with cash basis, with the assets of the invested enterprise investment, the accumulation of changes in the business, universities and the book value of foreign investment enterprises shall enjoy the rights and interests of the investee does not match the value of serious .

The industry should be run in accordance with market operations. If you run too strict industrial pipe, will increase the school-run enterprises dependent on the universities, the final loss of pay or the university, only for certain privileged people for personal gain. For the time realizable and held for not more than one year, in the short-term investments accounted for can be obtained and intent to hold more than one year, in the long-term investment in the accounting, to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both has held real estate investment real estate in the accounting. for school-run industries and other business investment, investment debit "long-term equity investments", credited to "asset class of subjects." If the long-term under the equity method of accounting equity investment, investment is greater than or less than the investment cost of the invested enterprises shall enjoy the fair value of identifiable net assets of the corresponding part of the share, so the profit and loss adjustment processing. Debit "long-term equity investment (investment costs)," Credit "asset class subject," is debited or credited to "long-term equity investment (loss adjustment)," profit or loss is allocated a certain period of adjustment. from investment income, debit "dividends receivable", debit or credit "long-term equity investment (loss adjustment), "credited to" other income. "
Higher real estate for own use should be in the fixed assets accounting. But to earn rentals or for capital appreciation or both, the real estate holding investment real estate deal done, when you can get recognized as an investment or rental , and debit, "investment property", credited to "money funds" and other subjects, if there is a change of use made of fixed assets investment real estate, debit, "investment property", "accumulated depreciation", credited to "fixed assets" deal, get rentals, debit "money funds" category subjects, credited to "other income", when the investment property is disposed of, or withdraw from use, debit "money funds", "Housing investment real estate depreciation ", credited to" investment property "," tax payable one by one the business tax payable "is debited or credited to" other income. "
Use of short-term investments, long-term investments, investment property accounting courses, universities can control the investment and reduce loss of resources and investment risks.


Six current university accounting system does not prepare cash flow statement

Currency cash flow of funds to accurately reflect the actual receipts and payments, college accounting of income and expenditure statement with the income and expenditure reflects the implementation of the budget. Along with universities on the importance of financial management, but also reflect the need to use the cash money income and expenditure of funds flow meter monitoring and analysis, effective management to provide accurate information. so cash flow has its irreplaceable role.

Submitted three of the Present on the basis of the financial statements, but also increase the cash flow statement, the Financial Statements. Universities should further improve and perfect the system of accounting statements, on the one hand can be a period of time the financial position, business and operational activities comprehensive accounting information, accounting information provided to users of university, on the other by an internal report and written report to the school management to provide specific accounting information. Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com