On the LEED green building rating system in China and draw inspiration

Paper Keywords: LEED, green building rating system, quantitative analysis
Abstract: The LEED green building rating system was analyzed and compared with our current evaluation system for green buildings were compared with proposed LEED green building rating system for the Development of the process and learn from good reference.


LEED is the U.S. Green Building Council organized by the United States the ecological assessment of existing buildings set of evaluation system. As a systematic assessment of green building design and evaluation of sustainable win certification system, LEED has been widespread in the world recognition, and the increasingly mature. China's large population, the average possession of less resources and energy consumed in large quantities. but only to occupy the building energy consumption, total energy consumption in China is 1 / 5. From this, the implementation of green building in China, sustainable Development of the construction of the road is imperative.

Systematically assess whether a building to green design and sustainable Development requirements, the need to establish clear evaluation authentication system designed to detect effects of environmental protection achieved, measuring buildings ecological benefits can be achieved. At present, the global green building rating system to reach more than 20, and still continue to grow and develop into. LEED is considered to be one of the most perfect, the most influential assessment standards, is widely used worldwide. Currently, LEED application in China is still in the construction sector initial stage of building Development must be integrated with the actual situation of rational and effective use of the LEED rating system and find the green building evaluation system of Development.

1 LEED's profile
1.1 LEED Development
In 1993, the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) was established. As a non-profit organization whose members cover all sectors of the construction field, including design firms, construction companies, real estate developers and public sector. The Committee began in 1995 of green building rating system, in August 1998 Summit USGBC launched LEED1.0 version, and updated in March 2000 launched its 2.0 version.

USGBC After preliminary evaluation of practice and soon after realized that the promotion of sustainable building development, the primary task is to establish a scientific and rational system to define and evaluate green building. So, USGBC began the existing green building standards and evaluation system for Research, and in November 2002, respectively, in November 2005 issued a LEED2.1 and LEED2.2 version. but at this time LEED was just great for new construction and renovation projects, as LEED continues to mature and develop, and gradually 6 covers the development of different but related building products green rating system (see Figure 1), including LEED-NC (for new construction and major renovation projects), LEED-EB (for existing buildings), LEED- CI (for commercial buildings), LEED-CS (for building structure and shell), LEED for Homes (for Green Housing) and the LEED for Neighborhood Development (for sustainable community development.)
6 LEED products that are carefully considering the question of the difference between construction projects and practical conditions, while adhering to the same rigorous and consistent assessment criteria. Each item has its own team of professional preparation, but the group also needs to communicate with each other evaluation system to ensure the continuity and interconnectivity, and eventually had to go through LEED Steering Committee review. Prior to the introduction of each product, must be open to all members of USGBC pilot project and the final vote was only approved by them distribution. as an open development evaluation system, evaluation system in all branches are continually updated in the development of practice to get abreast with the construction market. Meanwhile, the customers according to their needs, apply for your construction project LEED certification. such as the LEED-EB is not limited to the application of existing buildings have been certified by LEEI ~ NC construction projects can continue to apply for LEED-EB.

1.2 IEED evaluation methods
LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Development). Also known as development of energy and environmental design pilot program, initially to meet the U.S. Green Building Council U.S. Green Building construction market launch of the requirements of a green building rating system, with constantly updated and developed, and gradually pass to the world . LEED order to improve the performance of the built environment and the economy to provide detailed reference standard, full life from the perspective of building construction to provide the overall environmental performance evaluation.


Assessment of LEED certification process can be divided into three stages to LEED2.0 example, the assessment process shown in Figure 2.


The first is the registration stage, the application was assessed by mail or online through the online registration application for assessment of the way, USGBC encourages the project to apply for pre-design phase. And then the support phase, USGBC LEED website or through other means to provide reference to the applicant guidance and scoring rules, to help designers to solve to meet the specific requirements of the premise and scoring problems encountered. The third step is to USGBC according to documents submitted by the applicant, the project certification.

LEED from sustainable site selection, efficient use of water, energy and environment, renewable energy use and protect the environment, materials and resources, indoor environmental quality in these areas to assess the construction, evaluation of its impact on the environment. Which can be sustainable site selection of the total score of 20%, 7% of the effective use of water resources, energy and environment, 25%, 19% of materials and resources, indoor environmental quality, 22%, 7% of innovative design (see Table 1) . LEED Green Building Rating System While the system of large but the system is clear, in each evaluation project, LEED prerequisites and may have raised scores of articles. the project must first meet the entry requirements for each assessment a prerequisite, and can be based on each relevant provisions of scoring points scoring assessment of the building. Meanwhile, in order to facilitate users to understand the system, LEED prepared a detailed technical guidelines and manuals. as a score in each evaluation purposes but also contains provisions, requirements, submission of documents and possible techniques and strategies, elaborated the relevant green building measures and technical content and implementation of the road, and give the case to guide mature. In the end, the sum of all assessment items can be obtained from scores of building the final score, out of 69 52 points or more receive platinum certification, 39 points -51 into gold certification, 33 points to 38 are divided into silver certification, 26 points to 32 are divided into general certification.


1.3 U ED status of the development of
The LEED certification system has a very complete, the entire system including professional certification, providing service support, training, third-party certification. Certification program can be completed via the Internet, convenient and quick. LEED H before the international community in various green building assessment system, the most perfect, the most influential. According to USGBC statistics, as of March l0, 2008, the global total of 2,024 projects were LEED certified, covers an area of 259.2 million m2. the world had 14,240 applications for various types of LEED building assessment , and has received LEED certification marks at all levels are 1148. China has also made a small number of advanced construction projects I. RED certification, including the Beijing Prosper Center, Shanghai Oasis Shige Wei Garden Hotel, Shenzhen, Harbin, Tiger Mountain apartments and shopping centers, music song. Reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2 China Green Building Rating System
China's green building rating system, a comparatively late date, is still in its early stages, the lack of practical experience, and many related areas of Technology Research is still blank, the basic formulation of the relevant evaluation system for all foreign experience. For example, the end of September 2001 the Ministry of Construction The Committee published the technical standards of ecological house <"China Eco Residential Technology Assessment Handbook>>, its main reference index system LEED Green Building Rating System version 2.0, as well as integration of <" State Housing Pilot Project Construction Techniques> > and other regulations concerning the content of .2003 in August by the Tsinghua University, China Academy of Building Research and other Research institutes jointly launched nine <"Green Olympic Building Assessment System>>, then the reference to the Japanese CASBEE green building rating system.

Today, China's construction sector is the prevailing June 1, 2006 sponsored by the Ministry of Construction and Ministry of Science and the implementation of the <"Green Building Rating Standard>>, is the first from residential and public buildings starting the whole life cycle, multi-objective, multi-level, on the green building to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of recommended national standards. evaluation system from the section with the outdoor environment, energy and resource use, water conservation and water use, materials and material resource use, indoor environmental quality and operations management Class 6 indicators. each type of index by the control, the general composition of the project with the best option. participate in the evaluation of various indicators of green building should meet the requirements of all the controls, according to the project to meet the general project and the degree of optimization is divided into 1 3 Star 3 star rating.

Since the initial compilation of the reasons and the limited current conditions, the system applies only to those who evaluated a large amount of residential buildings and public buildings more energy and resources consumed in public buildings, shopping malls and hotel building construction, and not mandatory. For other buildings, according to building use, operation and energy consumption to adjust the actual situation, and can only provide the reference value.


3 LEED Inspiration
3.1 LEED successful experience
LEED rating system is currently in a high degree of internationally recognized, the reasons for its success can be summarized as follows: 1) accurate quantitative analysis. LEED evaluation does not simply stay in the qualitative phase, for each indicator, can be precise and quantitative analysis assessment. This makes the evaluation system in the implementation process will be a unified objective measures, but also makes the evaluation process tends to control, green building design and construction process can be more practical .2) high open . LEED in its development operations Cunzai open. LEED assessment of all programs are available through it to complete. LEED assessment of the referenced item scoring criteria ���� list form, simple and clear, Houqi transparent evaluation process also ensures that, even in Open call for experts in a number of projects assessed. USGBC as a developer and an independent third party, requiring the evaluation of the project team at least one of the main participants of professional certification through the LEED exam, in order to bring great credibility and authority of the LEED .3) market-oriented. LEED development of market-oriented, not focused on performance evaluation and environmental protection, green building, but also focus on ways to change the assessment of the capital market, so that developers, owners and green building-related industries are benefit from, so that LEED certified buildings have higher valuations. If this link developers, LEED certification does not necessarily lead to the increase in housing construction costs, the increase will be within a certain amount of control. LEED will also this link by real estate valuation, will be LEED certified buildings by the value for a higher valuation, prompting developers to actively certified .4) consistent. LEED focuses on construction in the whole life cycle of the energy and the environment effects, ranging from architectural design to the completion of the whole process of its green rating, requiring the designer should take full account in the design phase of the environmental energy performance of buildings, in the construction phase, LEED green design construction personnel would be trained, and dispatched supervision staff on-site guidance, LEED evaluation of the operational phase is also concerned whether the building owners will provide health, quality space, after the removal of the environmental impact of construction is minimal .5) continuously updated. As mentioned above, LEED since its inception, has developed into more than one version, and its sub-version is also being continuously developed. LEED enduring vitality is the constantly updated from its development to meet the construction sector continues to move forward.

3.2 LEED Green Building Rating System in China Comparison
LEED started late in China, developing very quickly, but some score rules are clearly not in line with China's national conditions. The field of green building in China is most concerned about green building, "four of a green" (energy, land, water, and materials and protecting the environment) performance, "" Green Building Rating Standard>> It is formulated to this request. contrast LEED, can be found that while both are focused on green building life cycle assessment, have adopted standards rating system etc., have many similarities. But in view of national conditions, there are many differences between the two:
1) LEED limitations. LEED some of the evaluation item does not apply to China's national conditions. For example, LEED in the "sustainability field," emphasized the maximization of open space to protect the site and its surrounding environment. This patch of land, such as gold China is in fact difficult to achieve, but also with China, "four of a green" concept in the section in the opposite direction. <"Green Building Rating Standard>> focuses on the per capita living space, green rates have increased, sunshine time, This approach is undoubtedly more consistent with China's actual situation.

Another example, to declare the project to encourage development of renewable-based energy and power zero-pollution Technology, LEED requires the construction of the power to at least 35% of renewable energy, and there is a period of at least two years, renewable energy purchase contract. This Coal power generation accounts for 90% of the total national power generation in China, it is extremely difficult to achieve. relatively speaking, "" Green Building Rating Standard>> requires the use of renewable energy as long as the total building energy consumption accounts for more than 5% when the proportion of you can get 1 point, no doubt the current supply mode in China more easily achieved.

2) quantitative analysis. Our country green building rating system is more a lack of required data. For example, construction of energy consumption, material processing of carbon dioxide emissions caused by interior air contaminants, if we adopt LEED standards, Evaluation of quantitative analysis is difficult in many. And <"Green building rating standard>> in, for the more mature, and easy access to data of the evaluation items, listing bear with specific numerical evaluation criteria, based on the lack of relevant data, there is no quantitative conditions Analysis of the evaluation index, temporarily or make qualitative requirements included. With improved detection Technology and Research development, and then gradually improve the relevant details of the evaluation criteria, have greater mobility flexibility.

4 Conclusion
Any policy must be built on green building green building scientific evaluation system to quantify above, can be successfully developed. This is the LEED great success in the global key. LEED green building field to the Chinese, not just advanced evaluation system and green Technology, its successful experience and inspiration for our development of green building rating system is not without benefit. Meanwhile, we should also see further development of LEED to China, need to take into account China's national conditions and more localized. This is why green building rating system in China should learn from the development. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download