Of Public Management and its implementation in the public interest

Paper Keywords: Public Management Approach governmental functions of public interest
Abstract: The Government as a common interest to citizens and social service organizations, play an important role in public administration. How to formulate reasonable public policy for effective public management. For the national provision of public goods and services, to maximize public interests are the functions of government reform and the changing face of the major issue. to a correct understanding of "public interest" on the basis of this concept, the effective realization of the public interest to explore the right way.

The Government, in essence, is a common interest for citizens and social service organization, is a national public interest or public embodiment of the will. It is this "public interest" nature of the representative determines that its functions should be the first public functions, that is, through the development of public policies, effective implementation of public administration for the national provision of public goods and services, to achieve the public interest. Premier Wen Jiabao's government work report in 2007 pointed out, this year to focus on three tasks, one of which is "To strengthen social management and public service, and enhance the capacity of basic public services, efforts to solve the problem people are strongly visible ."(') to strengthen the government's public administration, enhance the capacity of public services is the transformation of government functions and strengthen its reform and Construction of important goals.

First, the "public interest" determination of content
Public interest and public welfare agency has been the development of social progress and civilization and product focus is the general law the basic objectives pursued, in our efforts to promote the rule of law, according to management of the new historical period, the public interest and public management course the core values of their policies. So, how to define public interest? "public interest" actually refers to whose interests? <<Oxford Advanced Learner Dictionary>> explained that the public interest is "the public with the public relating to, or for the public, the public's interest. "common law and civil law countries, the understanding of the different public interests. In common law, the public interest, also known as public policy, mainly means" to be the legislature or the courts, as the whole country and society with the fundamental principles and standards related to the principle requires that the general public interest and social welfare agency is satisfied that the range of people considered to be parties to the court reason to refuse to recognize certain transactions or other acts of the legal effect. " In civil law countries, with the "public policy" related to the concept of public order, also known as public order and good morals.

Our Constitution the public interest involved in general have the following meanings: 1) The public interest is the social community base and the integration of various interests, reflecting the value system of the basic requirements of the Constitution. Therefore, the public interest as a product of social division of labor, in fact bear the task of providing the community with the rules; 2) the public interest of our Constitution, highlighting the state as defender of public interest functions, all the provisions of the normative public interest in the national body for the implementation of the public interest, thus establishing the status of the country; 3) content, highlighting the public order or social order as the basic value orientation, reinforced the instrumental value of public interest; 4) the public interests, social interests and the interests of both countries are closely linked and their differences. nature, national interests are mainly enjoyed as the main national interests and public interests mainly by the practical benefits enjoyed by members of society enjoy the benefits of the subject is different. the public interests and social interests of the boundaries between the social benefits is a major utility and exclusive society does not necessarily represent the interests of the public interest requirements; 5) the public interest and civil law, contract law and other laws in the public interest is the concept of different levels, common law "public interest" should be the basis of the provisions of the Constitution, by its value constraints, can not arbitrarily expand the scope of public interest. the public interest not only to resolve the conflict between public and private interest basis, but also the guiding principles of basic social values, the value of a model to play Ren ').

It should be said, "public interest" is a highly abstract, broad scope and meaning of complex concepts, how to specify, judge has been a matter of opinion, opinions, views summarized the major domestic and foreign scholars, most of that understanding and use of public interest should adhere to the following six judgments criteria: 1) legitimate legal basis must be reasonable, it may be derogation of fundamental rights and restrictions, it must keep the law and legal precedence; 2) The range of benefits the public interest is generally not specific to the majority of the beneficiaries, and that the interests and needs often can not be met through the market selection mechanism, need to provide a unified and organized action. The Government is the largest provider of organized public interest; 3) the use of public power to pursue fair compensation there must be consideration of public interest, This has resulted in the expense of civil rights in general or special sacrifices. there is damage there must be relief, especially damage to be special relief is consistent with social values of fairness and justice.

Second, the public interest Ways
Social transformation to the government's public management challenges. The government's public management of social transformation in response to the challenges and pressures to make adjustments and when Innovation is carried out progressively. The alternative form of a policy to gradually replace the original old public policy . It is these policy alternatives, and gradually led to changes in the government's public administration, the reform path is: limited government from unlimited government to shift from the management of government services to the government to shift power and responsibility from the government to phase out the responsibilities of democratic participation Government changes. At present, some grassroots governments in a beneficial change in government functions, strengthening the public service; promoting grassroots Democracy is conducive to fostering the development of civil society organizations engaged in reform and exploration. These explorations are not simply patch the existing management system change, but will the government re-organization, functions change, process reengineering, management updates integrated. It should be said, this quest line with the basic law of social development and trends for the realization of the reform and building a harmonious society the government to find a new the road. Now, citizens expect the government has become increasingly clear: Democracy and public administration must be open to; emphasis on social participation of citizens; emphasis on sharing power with others, so that citizens needed to truly public service. The essence of public administration and the pursuit of goals, is that "public" interest.


Party National Congress and Plenary Session should be made to build a market economy and development, satisfaction of the people's behavior and operational harmony and is fair, transparent, honest and efficient service-oriented government. This is how we understand and solve This issue provides a clear way of thinking. modern government is the essence of service-oriented government. The Government is only through the provision of adequate quality public goods and public services in order to prove the value and legitimacy of its existence. no service no modern government. visible construction of public service transformation modes Government and the Government there of internal consistency and fit. As a government goal of transformation, the construction of public service government's policy philosophy of our government, government functions, management, performance standards are raised new requirements. The shift of the power not only from the government's own need for change, but also from social, business and citizens will demand, and interactive. First of all, government policy was to change. In the socialist market economy in China, Policy reform is not only government action improvements, but also changes in terms of administrative philosophy; to achieve the Government in transition, not only means the government target model of public service establishment, but also means that the government policy was being fully updated. because only with a new concept of governance, building a clean and efficient, the rule of law and transparent service-oriented government will have the necessary prerequisite and foundation. only the first long-term changes in the past to form the "control" concept, can effectively promote the transformation of government functions in order to truly promote the government organizational structure and configuration to improve its power in order to really promote the concept of civil behavior and changes in order to truly establish a public-oriented "public service oriented government." This means that civil servants must first have a deep level of ideas and concepts change, To completely change the emphasis on administrative examination and approval, administrative intervention and administrative fees and other "control" of the habit, and into "service coordination", "Responsibility and Democracy", "according to law", "scientific decision-making." Links to free papers download http://www.hi138.com we all know, public management and policy not only in line with legal procedures, but also in line with social values. because the policy in line with legal procedures, and its real meaning does not necessarily have legitimacy. From a public policy source view, from public policy to solve policy issues, policy issues from social issues, social issues with regard to the interests of the majority, has aroused widespread concern. Therefore, public policy must be resolved is that most people face issue that must be for the public interest values. Clearly, public concern is not only the legitimacy of management and policy, but its value orientation. social development and moral orientation is always to the benefit of the majority of people, promote the development of most people, because each government to maintain its legitimacy, had to take into account the interests of the majority of people. From the point of view the nature of public administration, public administration services and promote the public interest as a means of social benefits is distribution of authority, in essence, is a concentrated reflection of the interests of society, which determines the public administration must reflect the interests of the majority, to enable it to have the legality of the content. In order to achieve the public interest, we must strengthen public management from the following, formulation of public policy:
(A) to further transform government functions
The direction of public management from the "government-led" to "community-oriented," To this end, public policy and public management of two major trends in social inevitable. To streamline the organization and personnel, reform of administrative approval system, the implementation of electronic government, the establishment of administrative hearings, administrative procedures to achieve an open and so on. the government itself an important "for economic development services" to serve the public interest. In other words, the government should carry out the functions of public administration must engage in "downsizing" campaign the supply of public services, market-oriented reforms. Of course, the reform of public service provision mechanism can not be divorced from the specific national conditions and the specific environment. As China's market is not mature, the market operation mechanism and rules of imperfections and other factors, our public services such as market reform is not as mature economies in Western market in full swing, and should be a gradual process. The current approach is practical and feasible, should gradually establish a government supply-based, the other to participate in one of the main supply of the main diverse public service supply system ('. "Thus, while our government continues to be the main supply of public services, on the other hand are no longer monopolies, but appropriate for the private sector and the third sector. Once the government to solve monopoly leads to the problem of low efficiency and quality, we will find a solution has been present in our government supply of public services, emphasis on economic construction, light the way the issue of social services that the Government as a public service will be provided about the main supply based social services and social stability, and other subjects in order to provide service-oriented economic development.

(B) adhere to the statutory government action
To strengthen the awareness of government services and functions of statutory government action must be implemented to improve the style of administrative law enforcement, standardize administrative law enforcement efforts to achieve rule of law. The power, interest, responsibility, and supervision harmonize all aspects of clear power and interests borders, to effectively combat the arbitrary administration, to overcome the authority of government departments, government power localization, legal departments and other undesirable phenomena of interest to construct "the rule of law-based government." modern civilized society is the legal community, the legal system of modern government should also be The Government, according to law the basic principles of public administration. American jurist Fowler once said, "the substance of the rule of law must be: an effect on citizens, the government should faithfully apply pre-announced decision by the citizens of its power to comply with and obligations of the rule, if the rule of law did not mean it is meaningless. "Thus, the so-called rule of administrative law, as a general principle of public administration and management, requiring the right of access to government administration, organization and exercise must be based on law Government administrative actions must be constrained by law, shall not exceed the scope authorized by law, otherwise, that is illegal, should bear legal responsibility. government action to the legal meaning of the three: First, according to equality. the law among citizens in government and nothing bias, the Government can not have unnecessary privileges; the second is restricted by law. The Government must obey the law all the acts, shall not exceed the law; third is legally responsible. If a government agency or civil illegal misconduct against citizens, legal persons and other organizations legal rights, should bear the legal responsibility of the illegal River. It should be noted at the primary stage of socialism in China, the process of socialist rule of law has a long way to go. the one hand, the concept of administration by law has not been established; the other hand, a sound legal system has not been established, the market impact of the construction of public services. Without a sound legal system, it is difficult to avoid the artificial and arbitrary administration. democratic supervision system is not perfect, is not an open, fair and impartial tender , the tender system and strict audit system, it is difficult to avoid the "black box operation", "black box." government public management and service efficiency and quality will be greatly reduced, the Government will be by acts of public administration "public interest" in the name of excuse for their own gain line, public administration will be the abuse of power, a hotbed of corruption.

(C) train and learn from the innovative power of civil society
Innovation for enhancing the government, the significance of citizen participation is needed to provide innovative wisdom, knowledge and information. Citizens can focus on the people involved in the wisdom, the absorption of knowledge in different fields, and for the government to provide timely and effective information management, thereby enhancing the ability of government management of public service (5 out. Meanwhile, the masses to establish a sound supervision and participation mechanisms, in particular public services must be under the supervision of public participation and implementation. for governmental organizations to implement public programs, we must first listen to the public voice, that is, In accordance with the requirements of the public service, and enhance responsiveness to the public and enhance the quality of public control of public services. the government's public administration is necessary to safeguard the "public interest", without popular participation, there is no public comment, the so-called "public interest "The realization will come to nothing. the transformation of government functions, build a service-oriented government to achieve the goal can not be good. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download