Metropolitan Government of economic prosperity and Innovation in Public Management System

Paper Keywords: metropolitan government's public management system innovation economy
Paper Summary: Metropolitan rapid Economic prosperity in the state and society no doubt played a huge positive effect. However, in the metropolitan area generated in the process of rapid Economic Development such as investment and trade, resource allocation, environmental control, public health, metropolitan area of public safety, public issues, has become an increasingly metropolitan challenges facing the Government. To this end, the government's public management system must be progressive and reform and innovation. This article discusses the metropolitan area the government's public management system innovation the main focus.

Economic Development in China into the U.S. dollars per capita GDP1000-3000 phase, the urbanization process is moving forward at an unprecedented rate. Agglomeration effect in the economy, this stage of the process of urbanization than the national average to push a game of chess, but create a number of metropolitan area. The metropolitan area is mostly formed during one or more of the city center, covering a number of surrounding cities. such as Nanjing Metropolitan Area is the center of Nanjing, covering the intersection of the Yangtze River and the eastern coastal areas of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, covering Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou, Huai'an, Ma On Shan, Chuzhou, Wuhu, Chaohu 8 cities. the light of the experience of Japan, generally at 120 for each metropolitan area to 15. km radius of the area covered is about 40,000 km2 to 50,000 km2, a population of about 30 million, the circle is about 100 billion U.S. dollars GDP.

According to forecasts, China's industrialization, basically completed in 2030, when it will be possible to form about 20 metropolitan area, including the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area, large Qi (Daqing, Qiqihar) metropolitan area, Shenyang-Dalian (Shenyang, Dalian) metropolitan area , Metropolitan, the Shanghai metropolitan area (Yangtze River Delta), the Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Area, Chengdu (Chengdu, Chongqing) metropolitan area and so on. Each metropolitan area is more than one million by the dozen cities with a population composed of urban agglomeration . In addition to the "20 major metropolitan area", there are as Xiamen, Kunming, Guiyang, Xi'an, Lanzhou and other industrial Development of the city will also promote the role of the surrounding region, may form the corresponding metropolitan area.

Metropolitan area's rapid Economic boom, the state and society no doubt played a huge positive effect. However, in the metropolitan area generated in the process of rapid Economic Development such as investment and trade, resource allocation, environmental control, public health, public safety and other city Circle of public issues, has become an increasingly metropolitan challenges facing the Government. To this end, the government's public management system must be progressive and reform and innovation. As the Communist Party Congress, as noted in the report : follow the rules of market economy, breaking the administrative divisions to form a number of driving strong, close-knit economic rims and belts. increase the body integration efforts, and explore organically integrate the functions of major departments, and improve the mechanism for interdepartmental coordination and cooperation .0 Therefore, the economic prosperity of metropolitan government's public management system and the innovation of great theoretical and practical significance.

First, the birth of metropolitan economic Development, regional public administration reform and innovation system
The so-called regional public administration, is the region of multiple subjects to address the political, economic or social aspects of other areas or aspects of a public issue and realization of common interests, the use of negotiation and mediation means and manner of regional and area some level of horizontal and vertical relationships between the overlapping management. regional public administration include the following contents: First, the subject of regional public management is diverse, including government organizations, the private domain and non-governmental organization whose purpose is to resolve by economic, political or other areas of society constitute a complex interlacing issues, the common interests of optimal; Second, the approach of regional public management and means and the market economy, the government's public management in the area are different. is not a competition and repression. The is based on an equal footing, consultation and mediation; third is the object of regional public administration within the district Ke between the individual and the formation of CARICOM overlapping relationship. �� Public Management District Ke healthy and sustainable development in the region play in the process a crucial role: first, to develop policies and regulations for regional economic and social development consistent with local practice, and the state policies of supporting the regional policy system and is consistent with the nation's basic Law, with complete operational local Laws and regulations system; followed by the implementation of the regional comprehensive planning, regulation and control, establish and maintain a reasonable industrial structure, the appropriate scale of investment and a solid foundation of Environmental Protection; again is to improve the social security system to ensure social justice, maintain social stability.

In the traditional agricultural society and industrial society under the conditions of the community's public issues are relatively simple, relatively simple public affairs. World War II, in particular step in human history, the 21st century, the world has fully entered into an information society and era of knowledge economy is the ensuing economic globalization, regional integration, information society, the triumph of the market unbounded. So, transnational or cross-administrative areas of "regional public issues" has a lot of breeding, and was complicated diversity and scale of the situation. As a famous Canadian professor of political science David Cameron said: "The nature of modern life has made intergovernmental relations have become increasingly important. that jurisdiction should be clear path Wei, departments not to be thrown into the water between the theory in the 19th century may have some significance, and now apparent with the out of date. not only in the classical federal state, jurisdiction gradually blurred the boundaries between, intergovernmental discussions, consultations, exchange of demand growth , that is, within countries and between countries, public life, also showed this tendency can be Huanzuo 'multi-governance' is increasingly important intergovernmental activities.


In fact, the reform and opening up, metropolitan economy in the process of development, the regional competition and conflict between the government has not stopped. Only exists for the project, fight investment, competition policy, "intergovernmental dispute", There are also regional segmentation and regional blockade of the "Intergovernmental Conflict." Indeed, competition and conflict is both objective and to some extent that is necessary. It is precisely because the economic development of metropolitan and regional competition and conflict between the Government, to face some common problems, such as cross-border environmental change and Environmental Protection, social development and the imbalance of regional development, regional integration and local resource competition and so on. "especially in the construction of metropolitan area , a variety of cross-border transactions increased public management, as partners vertical intergovernmental relations type of the best growing point.

These problems are often not what level of government, which can be handled by a department. We created a hubbub in 2007 algae in Taihu Lake crisis more clearly illustrate this point. In this China's third largest freshwater lake Taihu around Shanghai, Suzhou, Wuxi, Jiaxing, Huzhou five cities around Taihu Lake constitutes a metropolitan area, and has become one of the most economically developed areas, factory buildings, industrial development, population density of 1,000 people per square kilometer, is the most of our population densely settled areas. Taihu Lake Basin are the 5 Fen Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang provinces and cities 3, in the absence of an effective environmental management on river basin management institutions. due to the long, "City from the war, the county since the war" management system, local governments do not have a smooth communication and cooperation mechanisms. So the responsibility is unclear, leading to the parties to wantonly discharge of pollutants, the final body of pollutants in excess of the environmental capacity of the lake, eventually led to large-scale cross-border pollution.

Therefore, the metropolitan government organizations, the need for cooperation based on their own, wishes and professional needs, financial resources and risk sharing, and the pursuit of efficiency and effectiveness considerations will be limited to cooperation, collaboration or large-scale cooperation and other appropriate means to engage in cross- domain or cross-border cooperation in order to satisfy their needs c0 which requires regional governments to do the public administration system of innovation. For example, the establishment of equal dialogue and negotiation between the government consultative mechanisms, both to correct the "command system" of the disadvantages of rigid, but also can make up "the interest mechanism" localized defects. with flexible administrative contract, the development of administrative cooperation agreements, etc., the pursuit of information sharing between the Government, the purpose of exchange between a metropolitan area c0 actually carried out the first try: in the Yangtze River Delta region in the coordination of intergovernmental relations, established in 1992, the joint director of the Yangtze River Delta Economic Cooperation Office, was upgraded to mayor after the coordination level organizations, and in 1997 renamed as "Yangtze River Delta Economic Coordination Council", 2001 Shanghai and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have also set up (cities) .2004 forum system, "Pan-Pearl River Delta Forum" held, "<Pan-PRD Regional Cooperation Framework" Agreement> signing, and the joint conference system for the region and the Secretary of the Chief Executive coordinate system and so long the establishment of regional government's public management system is an effective measure of innovation.

Second, the regional public management system of innovation resistance
1. The objective existence of administrative barriers
China's economy is one of the most important features of government at all levels to organize economic activity by administrative, administrative region's economic resources controlled by government intervention, with a very strong color of local government behavior. When the friction of interests between the regions, local governments are often the first to rely on administrative and build a variety of barriers, economic factors impede the free flow of resources to maximize the protection of local interests. the salient features of local interest is the exclusive, in order to develop the local economy and solve the labor and employment, local government often through various means, hinder the flow of production factors across administrative artificially split factor markets, the regional order is difficult to form a unified market competitive, opening up far from lagging behind the outside world. French economist Pang Sete (Sandro Poncet) after a study found, from 1987 to 1997, China's inter-provincial trade is declining: in 1987, the average inter-provincial trade in 54% of total GDP, dropped to 50% in 1992, 1997 was down to 38%; the average inter-provincial trade in China's total trade in the provinces, the proportion of 88% in 1987, dropped to 80% in 1992, dropped to 66% in 1997; China's provinces in the average amount of product absorbed , the production of goods from other provinces in 1987 the proportion of 34% in 1992 reduced to 27% in 1997, only 20% of the expansion of five administrative divisions of barriers to long-term objective, which constitute the region's most innovative public administration system of direct resistance, in fact, stems from the institutional resistance.

2. Serious convergence of regional industrial structure
Due to the "Administrative Region Economic Development" concept-driven, the interests of local government as an independent market entities, are often interested in the Industry to quick investment, redundant construction is very serious. Give an example: the Yangtze River Delta region in 14 cities ranked the first four of the pillar industries are electronic information, automobiles, new materials, bio-medical engineering, the convergence rate of 70%. and in high-tech fields, the Yangtze River Delta region, "fifteen" high-tech industries in the IC Industry development plan isomorphism up to 35%, 48% nano-materials, computer network, 59%, 74% of the software Industry. convergence of regional industrial structure, easily lead to serious fragmentation, low-level redundant construction, vicious competition and other problems, leading to economic behavior short-sighted, long run will harm the health of metropolitan economic development and sustainable development. This is actually derived from the resistance of the structure. If the local government system in the public administration reform and innovation, the lack of substantial overall planning, not metropolitan cities to promote regional economic linkage, optimization of regional allocation of social resources to reach a consensus, then the resistance of this structure will continue to tenaciously present.


3. Serious duplication of infrastructure
Since the completion of various local economic indicators and local government officials linked to personal political advancement, local governments tend to investment-led GDP growth. Yangtze River Delta Development Zone, a total of 199. The port is full of contradictions duplication, Nanjing the following section of the Yangtze River, has been built, under construction to be built of tons of a total of more than 100 berths. 60 kilometers from Nantong, Jiangyin to the coast, 68-ton berths, with an average 0.9 km there is one. Results on the one hand, some excess capacity in port facilities, and on the other hand, has large investments in the construction of a new port. c the long run, will cause a vicious excessive competition between the metropolitan area, causing more serious social problems, leading to social instability and disharmony. All this is due to pass the current performance evaluation indicators of resistance, in fact, can be attributed to economic and political double resistance. If the public administration system in the regional innovation process can not reform the existing performance evaluation index system of cadres, local government officials but also to maximize their own interests while ignoring the overall interests of the region, then this resistance will be long.

4. The lack of legal system
China <Constitution>> Section 89 provides: The central government unified leadership over local state administrative organs at all levels of the work of the central and provincial, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the competence of national administrative organs of the specific division. <<Constitution> "and" local governmental organizations, Law "> also provides local people's governments above the county level in accordance with its authority under the Law, the management of the administrative regions of the economy, education, science, culture, health and other matters. However, our Law concerning the relevant intergovernmental cooperation, especially cooperation between local government rules and regulations is almost empty, the law simply provides all levels of government on matters within their jurisdictions, to the higher authorities in the role-playing cross-border affairs, local government cooperation for the rights, responsibilities sharing and other issues, there are not involved. which easily lead to fragmentation of local governments, pushing lure passing, the emergence of controversial and so on. countries without the relevant laws and regulations as soon as possible to resolve inter-regional cooperation and governance and legal dispute resolution regulations, the resistance of this legal system will also exist. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 5. the power of public management system innovation is not enough
Public administration system in local government innovation is a new attempt, there is no ready-made experience for reference, there is no ready-made path choice. While there is innovation for the public management system has reached a consensus, but in the end what is the public management system innovation The basic characteristics and content of which, the public administration system is what the basic task of innovation, system innovation and the public administration system of government in which the traditional distinction, how to do innovation, the public administration system, there are different views on the theoretical circle. Since theory Recognizing the controversy, the public management system innovation to a lack of clear theoretical guidance, constitute a theory to guide the inevitable resistance. Therefore, the local government's public management system of innovative practices across the river by feeling the stones to further exploration of belonging. Therefore, institutional innovation in public administration from time to time it the simplistic tendency to have put everything to the public management system innovation by the tendency of the body. In this regard, we should strengthen the practice and exploration on the basis of theoretical Research, the real theory to guide practice forward Practice and promote the progress of the interaction theory of development.

Third, the metropolitan government's public management system of the main focus of innovation
1. Establish a "win-win" "win-win" concept of the regional consultation and cooperation to go public management of the road, which is the basis for institutional innovation
As a long time the division of administrative system, local government actually has become the spokesman for local interests, the interests of the local path Wei clear, even above all else. If so rapidly in the metropolitan area's economic development, public management issues raised by another so many cases, local governments still holding the selfishness, the concept of local interests from the traditional starting spared, then, will result in "double failure", "more lost" ending. Therefore, to establish a "win-win" "win-win" concept, the regional consultation and cooperation to go public management of the road, which is the basis for institutional innovation. take the consultation and cooperation in regional public management of the road, the first is to abandon the traditional administrative divisions of the unit as the basis for management of the inertia of thinking, and establish a new regional public administration thinking. For example: the history of the river is often used as a natural geographical boundaries, but from the perspective of public administration, this border demarcation is clearly the worst approach. It means that two separate area for shared decision-making division of public goods, and making the results shared by the two parties who do not actually take the initiative to c or unwilling to bear the adverse consequences.

Therefore, local governments should take public issues and public affairs for the value-oriented, rather than cutting administrative division as a starting point, vigorously strengthen their communication, consultation and cooperation, so that the best interests of each other. In fact in 2003 Since the integration around the Yangtze River Delta, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and the three had been frequent high-level visits and consultations jointly, for their role in the integrated development of the relocation. Shanghai has made clear the "construction of the Yangtze River Delta Metropolitan Area," as its One of the basic strategy, that "service Yangtze River Delta, the national service," the joint development of new road. neighboring provinces and cities are also in a conscious effort to break the "feudal economy", "active integration" .2003 May Shanghai, Jiangsu Highway Sujiahang Zhejiang border merger to achieve toll station, which first broke the Yangtze River Delta road operator administrative division boundaries, a successful joint operation to start. Yangtze River Delta regional government also planned in the next 5 years, into a modern rapid transit network, the "Yangtze River Delta "15 cities, 55 medium-sized cities, small towns all incorporated 1446" 3 hours metropolitan area. "Tourism has also been good progress in integration. C In addition, the 2003 Yangtze River Delta cities also signed each SME policy share files.

2. Vigorously strengthen the building of a harmonious legal environment, which is the core of institutional innovation
In fact, the game between local governments is the existence of extensive and reasonable, but we should be more explicit and legal institutionalization. Because the market is a prerequisite for economic development, economic development and the legal system to adapt to the establishment and perfect. Therefore, the local government laws and regulations is a prerequisite for effective cooperation. However, the current law on cooperation with the Government of the specific provisions are very small, co-leaders are often subject to significant influence individual will rely on local leaders to promote, which makes the highly personal nature of cooperation, lack of legal protection. Therefore, great efforts to strengthen the legal environment} f1i are building is the core of institutional innovation. First, the proposed introduction as soon as possible <<People's Republic of regional cooperation among Local Governments Act ">, so that the Government cooperation activities between the road onto the legal system. still time to amend other related laws, such as <"Environmental Law"> and so on regional governance to make specific provisions of the cooperation activities of regional governments have a legal basis ) countries. the relevant departments of GDP, reform the CD's lead performance evaluation methods, the results of regional cooperation will also be listed in the index assessment and make the legal system. Secondly, the "law-making body due to different legislation in specific uphold when legislative ideas, look on the stand, methods and technologies and means of legislation in areas such as the difference, so the laws enacted by the different subjects are inconsistent in content, or even a far cry from the cases are not uncommon., ah this, Administrative Region within the metropolitan area but also in the full legislative body to implement the central premise of the legislation to the economic development of cross-administrative significant matters, such as macro-control, social security, personnel mobility, and Environmental Protection legislation to strengthen coordination, build mutual recognition of law and legal resources, sharing mechanism, so that the formulation of local laws and regulations and the applicability of a more scientific, is in line with administrative interests, but also meet the requirements of metropolitan economic development. Again, between the administrative judiciary To strengthen the judicial coordination, unified standards of justice, strengthen mutual legal assistance, through the judicial function of administrative integration within the metropolitan area to build a barrier-free justice system, each business subject to the legitimate interests of equal protection, if necessary, consider setting Region mood homes, to ensure regional printed edition of the benign economic development.


3. To establish coordinated management of inter-metropolitan administrative machine plum, responsible for daily work and cooperation in matters of the lead organization, which is the essence of institutional innovation
How to more effectively play the regional cooperation of the Government initiative to establish a reflection of the regional government will have access to the region the government generally accepted, with democratic governance structure of the inter-administrative coordination and management bodies, is the institutional essence of innovation. China can follow the international practices of some cooperative organizations, the establishment of a common form sent by the relevant provincial agencies standing collaboration and joint system of various levels as the main mode of operation. inter-administrative coordination and management bodies should have the following basic functions: organize and coordinate the implementation of major cross-infrastructure, a major strategic resource development, Environmental Protection and construction as well as cross-flow of factors of production between the issues; unified planning and meet the long-term development of the region's economic development planning and industrial structure; formulate a unified competition rules and policy measures, and is responsible for monitoring implementation; assist cities and counties to develop local economic development strategy and planning, locality planning and overall planning so that the organic interface. should be based on professional, concise and efficient set of professional principles committees and working groups, they also have some management, coordination, analysis and organization functions. Mian mouth can be based on the actual situation of the Yangtze River Delta region to establish regional planning and Industry Coordination Committee, major infrastructure development and management of the Commission, the Shanghai International Shipping Center Management Committee, Environmental Protection and Governance Committee of Taihu Lake basin or a combination of functional management and other professional bodies.

4. To strengthen the integration of metropolitan government policies and systems to e-government as a platform, and gradually form policies and systems integration, which is a key institutional innovation
To achieve the integration of regional policy within the metropolitan area, the need to further clean up the implementation of a comprehensive blockade of the local protectionism and market local regulations and policies, and create a fair competitive market environment; open commodity markets, elimination of geographic barriers limit the flow of goods, the implementation of the region market integration in the region and the other members of the circulation of goods, the implementation of equal treatment; establish a standard certification system for quality supervision and fair, the parties shall have exclusive and discriminatory provisions; improve market potential were the main environment for people to break the prospective market players regional blockade, breaking the ownership restrictions to encourage a variety of different ownership enterprises, economic organizations in different economic sectors to develop economic cooperation in the region 0 are not all government intervention in the competition among enterprises, reduce the principal business activities for the various economic intervention all economic entities on the local implementation of "national treatment", and strive to create a regional environmental policy c0 no difference in the mechanism, can be recognized through the development of high operability agreement, articles of association, the regional government co-ordination of the results of Cheng Guo and regulations of, binding all parties to abide by the agreement. in content, focusing on industrial, infrastructure, transportation, information, and environment must be achieved through cooperation, the biggest social and economic sustainable development between the major problem.

In addition, the metropolitan government can be established within the government, "Metropolitan government office information system" (internal network), government agencies can be a system node, the government greatly accelerate the speed of information dissemination, communication costs greatly reduced, government information greatly enhanced degree of integration. Meanwhile, the establishment of "Joint Chief Metropolitan Government Network" (external network), set the overall image of the outside. metropolitan area can be the first in the account management procedures for the flow of talent, the vehicle registration and other formalities to speed up public services Online check integration, to create a strong unified brand of urban integration.

5. Actively encourage non-governmental organizations and participation effectively play the role of the third sector, which is the driving force of innovation system
Although the Government as the most authoritative public institutions in the public governance activities and play an irreplaceable role. However, the social organizations to resolve social conflicts in terms of good government was able to play a supporting role. From a global point of view, public Governance is no longer a government patent, non-governmental organizations and various civil society organizations will be the subject of public governance. economic development of metropolitan business and civil society are mainly spontaneous, decentralized cooperation will flow results in the process, a large number of Industry associations, civil society also play some of the functions of social control. Therefore, Metropolitan Government to increase regional trade associations and other non-governmental organizations to support, give full play to cross-regional non-governmental organizations, and in such as the relevant standards, accreditation review, quality testing, and many other active and non-governmental organizations, in addition to the Research policy, macro-planning regulation and supervision of law enforcement than public management functions to the social intermediary organizations, in particular assessment of the regional market, regional policy advice, sector management and social welfare services and other functions should be unconditionally forwarded to the social intermediary organizations to eliminate the capital, resources and barriers to the flow of talent to improve the quality of the regional investment environment. On this basis, expanding the government and relative balance between markets channels of communication and dialogue, and strengthen public governance, another great one by one the cultivation of civil society so that "gradually with national reach 'dual structure': a kind of mutual supervision and complement both the structure of the gain pattern. "This government organizations and civil society" mutual supervision and the structure of the gain pattern of complementary, "not only not undermine the function of metropolitan government, but in terms of governance tools and ways to feature rich Administrative Region Government to make it function more flexible tension form of the broad extension. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download