Thoughts of Chinese Traditional Settlement Construction

Paper Keywords: traditional settlement, settlement landscape, clan consciousness
Abstract: In-depth analysis of the traditional Chinese village with the natural ecological character, landscape features, to study the underlying ideological and cultural roots, hoping to build on the activities of modern towns and villages have some inspiration and guidance.


Traditional settlement is the collective wisdom of mankind, during which experienced a long and complex transformation process, to form a unique regional culture and settlement landscape, not only to fully demonstrate the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, production and life, but also provides a human very different from city life and living space, and its restrained, simple, user-friendly features are missing and needs of contemporary urban areas and borrowing.

1 Characteristics of traditional settlement
Ecological characteristics of 1.1
1.1.1 respect for nature, according to local conditions. Traditional settlement good use of terrain, terrain, and therefore settlement more local conditions, spatial layout informal, free pattern, which achieved a response to the mountain of the mountain towns, cities and towns along the waterfront across the river, which Settlement of a unique landscape. pillars West Da is typical mountain town, the town adapt to the mountain, climbing straight up from the river, along the thousands of buildings are built along the step ladder to climb, undulating terrain fit the whole town, and the natural perfection combination.

1.1. 2 fit the environment, makes the human. Attaches great importance to the traditional villages on the surrounding natural environment protection and use, with the settlement location, space layout, building materials and architectural form, and closely link the local environment, and seek harmony. If China Southern Area construction generally small and pleasant, light attitude, a far-reaching eaves overhangs, not only to adapt to the wet, hot climate, but also with Southerners delicate, introverted personality traits complement each other, demonstrating the characteristics of human settlements.

1.1. 3 follow the example of nature, nature itself. Traditional settlement in the long process of historical development, the formation of "reflects environment Everyday on the water draft" of the traditional practices and therefore more local materials settlements, clever use of natural. Such as Southwest mountains, rich in stone, timber and other resources, therefore more dry urban wood structure and Qiang Lanna-style stone buildings based; western Fujian, Fujian and other places, the quarry with soil is more convenient, so showing a large square or round Earthen buildings. Due to resource conditions, show different parts of the regional style, but all with the natural environment closely together, to show the perfect combination of nature, it seems "like a natural, totally natural" feeling.

1.1. 4 that axis, pleasant. China's vast territory, complicated terrain, urban layout fit topography, multi-line processing approach to the crankshaft, that is not compelled to be, do not fight the strength and nature, with the curved streets with the terrain to bend, turn the transfer case, becoming the main axis of urban development, urban expansion is also along the sides of the road layout; urban scale due to topography, transportation, production, supply capacity and farming land radius and other factors, the relative size of small, therefore a pleasant village scale, the space environment friendly, comfortable.

1.1. 5 independent and complete artificial ecosystem. Traditional settlements often located in the small wind and sunshine in winter and more cool in summer the valley wind, Wind River, near water sources, the planning and layout of multiple lots on the convex bank, which a region can not only avoid the river erosion, but also because of the continuous deposition of sediment settlement expansion of arable, and livable place area; and through working closely with the surrounding natural environment interface, the formation of mountains, water, city trinity pattern. Huizhou Lei Kong, Hong Village is located in the mountains, between the mountains around care, can block the strong north wind, so peaks and cross into the corner chair trend, the formation of the geographical environment is extremely safe; through the introduction of external water to form a large Water - Monthly marsh, not only to solve the people's daily production, life, fire and other water needs, but also greatly improved the regional micro-climate environment, formed in the true sense of harmony between man and nature artificial ecosystem.

1.2 Landscape Features
1.2.1 Regional colorful landscapes. Traditional settlement location due to regional differences in natural conditions suffered by the local culture, customs and practices and other factors vary, therefore the settlement landscape reflect different regional style. Such as Yangtze River Delta "small bridge, flowing water, people," Dai's "banana, bamboo house, Myanmar Temple", Hunan and Guizhou Dong's "Drum, feng shui Bridge", Sichuan riverside settlement of the "houses on stilts, sloping roof", the Northwest Plateau " cave "landscape.

1. 2.2 shape the landscape of symbols intended to take victory. Traditional village to pray for peace, to keep the stability, in addition to attach great importance to settlement location, shape and spatial layout of the settlement is still a big issue areas, the formation of a special spatial pattern. Such as Lotus Village talented people to expect future generations, generations fortune to "Seven Hatta," the conception and idea, the whole village in seven "Star" to control, contact the East, West, North and South 4 Road, a complete road system; used " Hatta "are arranged as the center of public activity center villages and residential areas, and through the water system will be 8 regional communication in series, form a large-scale landscape pattern.

1.2.3 ordered form of the landscape. Traditional settlement as a small scale, low-grade, combined with the terrain, topography and other factors, more emphasis on respect for nature, according to local conditions. By the Chinese concept of respecting traditional practices and respectable and humble level of thinking , the village elders of the tribe usually territory as the base, the natural advance from the inside out, forming a number of living groups, and the convention Village for the long room, for the second room west of the village, thus forming an orderly settlement area clear of the group, demonstrating A peculiar form of landscape.


1.2.4 meaningful, the node view. Ancients is very particular about respect for the topography, surface features, emphasizing the search for order in nature, reflecting in particular the worship of a particular natural objects, an important node in the regular planting of a particular object or keep a particular plant, thus ignited rise and fall of the village fortune and therefore subject to great attention. "feng shui tree" is one of them, Yunnan Dali Bai will banyan as a symbol of life and good fortune, and therefore all kinds of almost every village has a large banyan tree , and the village centers on the big banyan tree layout, form the center of the village and landmarks, thus forming one of the important nodes in the village landscape.

1.2.5 Landscape colorful facade. The terrain factors, settlement and more ups and downs with the terrain, up and down, the word also layers of superimposed wall Shanhua, and the exposed surface of a large number of buildings Celi, demonstrating the number of to hundreds of lattice, which shows layer upon layer, vertical and horizontal penetration, the patchwork of cities and towns outside the outline of space, yellow and white checkered landscape not only adds a sense of hierarchy, but also greatly enriched the visual effects, the achievements of the town colorful facade landscape. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2 Origin of ideology and culture of traditional settlements
The reason why traditional settlement presents a unique ecological features and landscape features, in addition to reflect the respect for nature, to adapt to the natural results, more a reflection of the deep cultural connotation.

2.1 The ecological concept of traditional Chinese philosophy is very particular about the "Harmony" organic thinking, emphasis on people as part of nature and therefore special emphasis on the human living environment protection of the natural landscape, emphasizing who, by nature, emphasizing harmony with the natural environment symbiosis. As the winter cold wave hit overwhelmingly pillow mountain; surface water in the production, life, irrigation, sail, but also welcome Nashar at cool, regulating the regional climate; ride south access to adequate sunlight; good vegetation can conserve water sources, soil and water conservation, but also helps to balance micro-climate, rich settlement landscape, and therefore choose more traditional settlement "pillow mountain surface water, facing south, lush vegetation," the geographical environment. In addition to natural respect, the traditional settlement also showed great natural dialogue ability to adapt to the different parts of the settlement landscape with showing a different building shapes and spatial pattern of the natural environment are an active adaptation. such as the steep mountains along the Yangtze River in Sichuan, and therefore cities and towns had to "foot the floor, hanging" to save space; addition, hot weather, urban buildings are situated patio, and far-reaching with a pitched roof eaves, in order to achieve the purpose of cooling water.

2.2 clan consciousness is a typical ancient Chinese kinship as a link to the patriarchal society, to follow the patrilineal kinship clan affinities differentiate Dishu ritual, outside the order in all aspects of social life, mainly reflected in the settlement material form spatial organization, the level of distribution, housing grades, etc., therefore mostly ancestral village as the center, was "the heart" type of spatial distribution patterns. Not only that, ancestral hall building in the architectural form, building body mass, color and other aspects of building materials and construction , and other buildings were also obvious differences, making it stand out in many buildings, the entire family, "spiritual space" and "gravitational field", with overwhelming advantages. It can be seen, not only in the traditional sense of clan society has a very important position, on the settlement and the settlement landscape of space also had a very profound impact.

2.3 ancient time "farming-based services, read this glorious body" has always been China's traditional agricultural society during wisdom. Due to the impact of self-concept of life and long-term cultivation of Confucian thought Confucianism, traditional villages and more emulated nature, scale pleasant, less artificial traces of polish, the formation of mountains, quaint villages and elegant space, as an expression of "cultivators" candid, straightforward, pure and honest mind and the "reader" advocate indifferent, chic and refined personality. Nanxi Cang, such as slope Village to the "four treasures" layout, which directed pen Street west of Beacon Hill, the village is something of the opening two pool Yanchi, inkstone a stone next to the home, which means the ink, Founder of the village as a piece of paper, as ignited the villagers, "Hing Man Wan, a talent," the good wishes, give full expression to an ancient time of the layout of traditional settlements, settlement and other aspects of the landscape have a significant impact.

2.4 Feng Shui theory generally choose the traditional mountain village, a forest, a field, water is relatively close geographical location, and the layout of the land more fertile, personal safety, convenient, beautiful scenery of which is ideal for good fortune place to live. Not only that, the traditional settlement through the surrounding geographical shape, the construction of settlement pattern, forming a special symbolic notation, this ignited away evil and bring honor to the aspirations of the door Mey. the town is a case where , representing the town Beishanmianshui, followed by the mountain winds, the mountains higher and higher layers, lush vegetation, a number of rivers meet, the intersection angle in the living within the river, the "financial resources" gathering treasure of Italy, around 18 buns -type retaining ring around the hills, but also on the care of Eighteen years and the Implications of town. Jixi County, Anhui Fengcun Another example, not only villages in the surrounding terrain stability and harmony, rather a sense of security, but also several security guard at the mountain village named as lions, snakes, turtles, elephants, best meet the physical and psychological needs of residents.

More than 2.5 yuan cultural integration is a unified multi-ethnic country of 56 ethnic groups there are 56 different ethnic cultures, all nationalities live together in every corner of the land of China, the common life of the ethnic culture and to promote the exchange of information and communication, embodied in the settlement space, construction monomer, that is manifested as exotic architectural style, building shape and stitching each other learn, making the local architectural style is frequently broken, and there scenes of strange and exotic landscape. such as Sichuan local hard mountain style roof, by the cultural impact of immigration, was planted in the "outgoing, assertive," the peak of the volcano wall, breaking the original "introverted, conservative" personality, adding another round of its charm; and if originally flourished in north China Langfang Street, successor by immigrants south, hot and rainy climate south complement each other, and therefore widely distributed in south China has become a unique and exotic urban landscape.

3 Conclusion
The study of traditional Chinese settlement by natural ecological features, landscape features, and its ideological and cultural background of the formation of an in-depth, detailed analysis, showing not only great emphasis on the traditional village concept of the whole, to promote respect for nature, emphasizing the harmony between man and nature ecological concepts, but also great respect for history and respect for protection of geographical features of the cultural ideas, all this is missing in modern society and the need to absorb and draw on local and therefore I hope to build on the current activities in the towns and villages play a guiding role. Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com