On the Thought of the traditional Chinese virtue

Paper Keywords: love Forbearance repair has been poor management introspection Wisdom Jujing
Abstract: The core of Confucian virtue theory is to construct a covering all areas of people's lives virtue virtue system because the system range. Involved in all areas of life, so to make the ancient life to be seen as a code of conduct , cultivation of the desired objectives. benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, faith is the system the most important virtues. and "benevolence" as the core. Confucian virtue of the practical value is mainly reflected in the "Reciprocity, self-cultivation, the state save the world "three dimensions.

China's traditional Confucian ethics is virtue ethics. From Aristotle's virtue ethics and ethical thinking glenoid hole of view, virtue is a summary of all the good quality, which includes state, temperament and habits. In Western tradition, it is divided into courage, generosity, modesty, temperance, generosity, generous, gentle, fair and other items in the Chinese tradition, it is divided into Christine, width, letter, Min, Hui, loyalty, filial piety, propriety, wisdom, righteousness and other items.

First, the Confucian virtue ethics - love, loyalty and forgiveness, Cultivating Oneself
On the basis of Confucian morality is human nature. Confucius said: "Sex is also similar, too much learning phase." Mencius on human nature is good idea. Mencius said: "The goodness of human nature also. Still water to flow downward. People are not a poor. Water-free no fewer than. "closed the Confucian virtue of an important idea is based on" Heaven Hop German. "primitive ethics of human society that is in heaven, is the day the essential attribute of social life in human performance. so. First, the basic order of human society and the moral code of conduct Tsunatsune. is unalterable. second. human social life and all acts are based on the most fundamental law of days. Third. human and social morality natural way to follow day, reflect the days of "life and life of virtue", thereby maintaining the most harmonious society, the most stable order. short. Confucian ideology is rooted in the traditional Chinese virtue of the natural economy into. And full penetration in the traditional Chinese political life and the daily life of the historical development of China's enormous and far-reaching impact. Confucius was the founder of the Confucian moral theory. His moral thought in the following areas:
One. Virtue of the sum proposed - "Ren"
"Benevolence" is the core ideology of Confucian Virtue. Confucius, "benevolence" of the use of extremely flexible. Each for different students with different problems from different aspects of "benevolence" to make answer, give it a different meaning. "Benevolence" is the fundamental meaning of "love". "Fan Chi asked about benevolence. Sub-Day: 'Love' . "" benevolence "is a sincere love of people-based. love is based on the cultivation of genuine emotion. Confucius profoundly hypocritical to criticize the behavior of all. "Trying to be clever. Fresh carry benevolence" with. "Gang, Yi, Wood, Lane near Ren". "Benevolence" is the natural expression of people's minds. Not "straight" no thought "benevolence". " Xiaodi also are. the man of the Secular. "blood of love. Born with, Song of cut, such a profound feeling of love is fundamental for the kernel. But this is not love itself, love is not just confined to the blood into the family. Must extend out. "Pan-love all the pro-benevolence" that reached "�������Լ���֮��. �������Լ���֮��." Even progress to the "affinity with the people." The whole world as a form of its own inner life. "Benevolent husband. Yuli had written for people. He seeks also to others." "Gentlemen oblige." Ren's fundamental goal is "human, of people." "Only good people can be benevolent, to the wicked." In this way, caring heart, is no longer a weak emotion. It has a deep sense of Justice. Has a generous power.

Second. Summarizes the inherent virtue of the provisions - "Forbearance"
Sub Day: "Participation peace! My Dao consistent." Zeng Day: "Only." Son, the disciples asked the day: "What did he mean?" Zeng Day: "Fu Zi, loyalty and forgiveness and have carry on." Iv (<<Analects of Confucius * Liren>>) "loyalty" is the best in me. The human capacity to do everything. Confucius advocated "and are loyal" old, against the "man seeking and infidelity", I am afraid that benefit the people, who have been unified, Confucius said: "The excuse almost, have behaved, do not impose on others." Forbearance "is the interaction with others , and "benevolence" virtue. "Forbearance" is the specific content of the five virtues: Jen Zi Zhang asked Confucius. Confucius Day: "Five are in the world can do is benevolent." "Will it." Day: "Christine. wide letter. Min Hui. CHRISTINE not be insulted, and width is too public, the people of any faith Yan, Min is active. Benefits is enough to make. "Confucius believed that this can be done in five areas: solemn, generous, honest, Qin Min , charity, that is, with benevolence.

Third. Pointed out the moral level - holiness, benevolence, where the s minds
In the Confucian view, virtue is a hierarchy: Zigong Day: "If Bo chi giving the public the public, how about? Described Jen Down?" Child day: "what in the kernel! Will also holy peace! Yao and Shun its still sick all! man of jen. Yuli had written for people, he seeks also to reach people. Energy and Analogy. The party has also been described as Ren. 'they have to stand firm, but also allow others to stand firm: their events things hinder communication line. while also making others everything will work. be able to select the example of the fact that the moment to do it step by step, can be said to practice benevolence of the method.

The second level is the virtue of benevolence, this is a gentleman's gentleman should have the moral virtue of forgiveness: "The superior man in the world and there is nothing suitable also. No Mo also. Righteousness and over." The old gentleman should have the virtue of moderation. gentleman should not the party group. "gentlemen boast not fight. group and not the party". "gentleman lifts, not to words, not to reject an opinion." and so on, so that these be considered a gentleman St. s minds is the moral ideal, a man of virtue is real virtue.

There is a third level is the virtue where s minds. That is, most people can have virtue. Confucius, although loved by his disciples, but Confucius saw himself as a mortal. Do not have the gentleman's character. He said: "Man, Mo I still people. Practice is essential gentleman, the Wuwei The win some. "this also shows that most people do not do gentleman. Should also have certain moral
Second, virtue ethics Mencius - benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom Four in One
In the history of Confucian thought. Mencius the first time, "Wisdom" and the four virtues mentioned. That he slightly from person psychological feelings of deep love events for the heart the inner. The so-called "compassion, benevolence side also": house he proposed Ren Yi Road, Benevolence and righteousness, from the internal and external, and behavior based on the unity established a "virtue" the fundamental moral and ethical core basic orientation in life
Mencius, Confucius's concept of heterogeneous groups that will be rich in benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, extracted, re-provision, called the four virtues, the concept of ethical philosophy as a core. Identify moral good. Mencius from the perspective of human nature is good four virtues of roots. That the four virtues is human nature, "Wisdom, non-melt from the outside and I, and I also inherent." Bite is to say, "Wisdom" four virtues inherent in the human heart. It originated in the good in people. He discussed from a psychological point of view the basis of the four virtues that the four virtues from the people of the four mental states: "compassion, benevolent, Shame and Disgust, righteousness, respectful of the heart, ceremony Also, non-heart, intellect also. "He who has the natural inherent to the" four hearts "in the sense that. The man is the person who has Wisdom and four virtues: "No compassion, non-human also, no shame evil heart. Non-human also, no politely refuse the heart, non-human has no right and wrong of the heart. Inhuman also. "He used words:" If men have satisfied their hunger Nuan clothing, Plaza without education, they are close to animals, "he is the essence of Wisdom and morality as a human being where required. He Cong complement each other perspective of the four virtues of restraint l'nJ contact: "benevolence of the real, what the pro is also, meaning the real, from the brother is also: wisdom of the real, to know that Sri Lanka is also the two Eph, courtesy of the real, Vince Festival the two are also. "Notes on intellectual virtue and the four virtues of his ethical philosophy in the four most important areas. The four virtues for the skeleton and the logical structure is built up his whole system of ethics.

Mencius believed that. Heartedness and righteousness as a virtue. Form and level of their performance is not the same. Benevolence is the heart, righteousness is man's way. Jen is inherent, deep-level, Justice is external, superficial. He said: "Jen, the people also, Way too righteous. Erfu the homes of their way and put their heart and I do not know ask. Alas! people have towards each release. is seeking the know: There are rest assured that without knowledge. learning, without him, find his confidence and that is all . "

Mencius stressed that we must fully understand the Wisdom and the four virtues in the position and role in life. "Wealth is not obscene. And rank can not be moved, incorruptible" closed. "Poorer without losing meaning. Up to not leave Road", "poverty is an exception. of the ROC. "When human life and happiness and moral ideals, principles conflict: should not hesitate to sacrifice personal happiness and life to defend the virtue and morality. The North" students are my objectives. Justice is also my objectives. the two can not have both, those who care for Justice is also born. "namely that most of the" body martyrdom. "This is the ethics of Mencius in the dazzling page. but also the spirit of Mencius, the most appealing place.

In addition, Mencius also made deliberately cultivation, cultivation of virtue against the body of introspection. "To make his mind, knows his nature, know of, you know Heaven. Keep its heart, the raising of their sex, so what days are also . "_ Ba lies in the cultivation from the" heart "in demand, so in moral practice, Mencius advocated" introspection. "He said:" benevolent, such as shooting, archery is already made and then, without the penalty . do not blame those who have been winning. introspection it. "Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com Third, Zhu Xi's moral ethics - Ju Jing, poor management, introspection
Zhu Xi's moral ethics is based on "reason" basis. His purpose is to promote virtue and beauty in order to establish a harmonious social order.

Zhu Xi's first "truth" made the three requirements: First, the matter of "why they are of it" or objects of "So who is is the thing" is a matter of law, the second is the thing of, "which is of course that" is shall follow the code of conduct: Three is a matter of necessity that "since not been" are. "The can is also inhuman." Zhu Xi that "why they are of it" and "the course of the", are "the best non-human as also" inevitable. He said: "Heaven popular. Good luck and development. Where a sensual appearance and profit as those between heaven and earth, all things are. both are objects. then that is the thing they are, everyone has its own and since then of course that should not have, is the Tian Zhisuo Fu Chieh-te . and not one of the best for. "pt he thought the purpose of virtue is to maintain social stability. Human beings and nature, man and society to achieve a harmonious situation. He "reason" as a supreme virtue. He said: "The world has not before. Prior to this reason." Li is the first in the world, before human Korea exists, Macross, super feeling of "being" is the master of the universe. All the moral and ethical standards are derived from it. "Universe, one reason only. the days of the day, to have it as a place, and who asked who was born in heaven and earth. and each of which was sexual. The Zhang is three bonds, as the five permanent members of Millennium, cover all the management of the epidemic. nothing appropriate not in the "Ming. He said:" Li is a great perfection at the end reason, ... ... is all things to the good end of the table Tak. "mockery," which contains a million reasons. but the key link, the greater the management of four. hence the name of the Japanese benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom. "That is to say," Reason "is not only unite in the root of things, is the fundamental reason, is also the highest ethical standards, the most important moral principle is that benevolence, righteousness, Li, Chi. to achieve "truth" of the moral realm. Must be "Jujing Poor Richard". "Ju Jing" is dedicated to work. Prudent and careful, without the interference of desire, without losing heart, "Justice" and "Poor Richard" is "inquiring", that contact with things, Research grasp the truth. He believes that the monarch, minister, father, brother, brother, husband, wife, do teachers, friends and other different roles. norms in benevolence, loyalty, kindness, filial piety, friends, Christine, and, soft, Eli , letter, etc., this specification is innate, consistent with "justice". Each one should strictly abide by the role. "no monarch, the first monarch of the reason there is." only abide by the ethic of this correspondence. The whole community will be able to adapt to justice. And thus will be able to achieve a harmony. Society can be healthy and stable development.

For Germany and light weight Zhu advocated that human desire is evil, and justice is noble. "Lady just this person. Road is the road. Is there anything of the other three generations of the Han and Tang? A Confucian school but does not pass. And Yao , Shun, Yu, Tang, Wen, Wu has been the heart of giving and receiving phase conversion is unknown in the world. Therefore, although the Prince of Han and Tang can not coincide or when, but only in its acquisitiveness, on the whole. This is why Yao and Shun three generations of the three generations from Yao and Shun, Han Zutang cases were from the Han Zutang. end can not be one too. "This means that Yao, Shun and Yu intention is heaven popular three generations of emperors, all the phenomena of society are perfection, and the light of: the After three generations of emperors, are the desires of the private intention. All social phenomena are chaotic, dark. The goal is to eradicate three generations of Statecraft, after the human desire to restore the three generations of the heaven. He stressed that justice is not to eliminate human desires, but to make the human desire to obey justice, people just The desire is consistent with justice. Only desire was improper and contrary to justice, then as long as the rulers pay attention to their own morality. As long as a good grasp of a scale. Can achieve a harmonious situation. So. The world will be in a better state.

Virtue in the country, he advocated "benevolent love." In his view, Qiu Ren is the purpose of human morality. Only over the human desire to restore the natural order, it is called benevolence. "Benevolence is the source of all good, a hundred lines of this, everyone in that the teachings of Confucius, it will bring scholars engrossed in Qiuren also" read. He believed that only practice virtue, to make the world rulers of the heart, to inaction. but also to the "few but convincing."
Zhu Xi also pays special attention ethics. That "desires utterly popular justice" is the highest state of morality. Fear that people are saints. People should be cultivation of saints as a model standard. He believes that strengthening the moral training of youth should actively promote practical, determined, determination, with respect, knowledge, Jian. He said: "Great to scholars determined. "for the determined. Zhu Xi that "the school must first set was a big cavity when the. But to go inside the Renovation of the spin off to teach dense wall." Hear "ordinary duty shall be saints" smell. Lizhi Zhu knowledge into the school is the starting point. Zhi Li is learning because not only strive to be sequential. "To know the truth of the original head. Is the site." That most of the case. Zewu to start with. Moral cultivation throughout the people all the time. The school of moral education for the formation of a person and improve the moral character plays a vital role. Xi the school is divided into "primary" and "university" in two stages. The main content of moral education in primary schools is to "loyalty" and "filial piety", "Ti", "believe" and other common ethical norms "must learn to speak and the time of the naive." college on this basis will top "of his reason", that is in accordance with the nature of things, extension of knowledge, sincerity, Zhengxintai, self-cultivation, regulating the family, ruling the state's steps in the world. To "Mingming De", and finally to "strive for perfection" objective.

At the same time. Moral aspects of Zhu Xi Meng inherited the view hole. That training should be concentrated on three areas. That "the faithful word, line Piety, Correctional anger Zhi Yu, Qian Shan turn over", "is its meaning, did not do their profits, out of its channel, excluding the power," "have the do not want to, do not do to others, the line has not. introspection. "Zhu Xi's view that we are able to do their heart. to make their own power. To achieve moral perfection. This is loyalty. He said: "to make our own so-called loyalty, I am afraid that push our own," we have been able to push and the people, on the positive side, "who has Yuli standing, he seeks also to reach people," the negative side . "Do unto others. Do not impose on others", which is called Shu. "loyalty is no single cent at self-deception is subject to a physical level roundabout said." He explained: "has been imposed on unwilling, but also Do not impose on others. Forbearance things also. to have the heart of relieving people of the heart, perhaps a different, Road, not far from those seen in person! it unto our own, is not the facilities of the people. "Forbearance interrelated, "'has been imposed on unwilling, but also do not do Morohito', who can not and non-loyalty. so on: 'No loyalty, do not be out'." People really "Forbearance" to arrive " benevolence "of the moral realm," co-Forbearance, it is benevolence "boring. believers are sincere. The so-called Cheng, Zhu Xi that" sincere person. heaven, honesty is the real reason the natural, not in the repair of those also. sincerity of the person. similarly, is the real reason in fact, it is to do this are also Mian. "" sincerity of the person. not true and jump. and wish to jump to the that its true no. should live also. "
For the modern spirit of Confucian doctrine of moral thinking, Heaven, Great Harmony has a positive meaning, especially in the face of ecological imbalance in today's world, environmental degradation, resource gang dry, military threat, whether people think of the Confucian moral thinking vision? Exploration of the already sophisticated assessment: "To set the heart heaven and earth, for the pepole destiny, is holy to the following secret, for eternal peace open," I end my discussion of this. Links to free papers Download Center http://www.hi138.com