Higher education expenditure accounting practice facility

[Abstract] the majority of college interns for the current plant status and the coexistence of teaching, the article from the accurate costing of products and reduce the risk of the tax point of view, proposed expenditures shall be accounted for separately on the teaching of the proposal and introduced the specific accounting method.

[Keywords:] practice facility; be accounted for separately; Education spending

As a traditional university training facility run factories, has been an important part of university Education, is mainly responsible for the task of teaching practice in schools, to improve the quality of teaching plays a very important role. The practice facility while carrying out production and business activities, Education spending and production cost accounting Mingled.


First, the status of university training facility

(A) of the main characteristics of
Currently, due to historical reasons, there are many colleges and universities do not reform practice facility, teaching practice is not spun off from the production and management. On the one hand, the factory is the college internship training base, commitment to the task of teaching practice in schools, the higher is the school authorities; other , in order to give practical training to create a real enterprise production environment, improve the students practical skills, practice facility also assume a certain amount of production tasks, is an independent legal entity, but also the school two independent accounting units. This particular institutions and mechanisms, making the practice both in teaching and production facility, with the dual career and business properties.

(B) of the wage payment model
Internship factory wages (including social insurance, provident fund) from school and practice facility shared. In order to give full play to the effectiveness of teaching practice facilities, to encourage income-generating training facility, to make up for inadequate funding of teaching, the school usually take some of the staff training factory wages training facility that is approved by the school teaching staff establishment number and pay the corresponding wages, beyond the establishment of wages by the number of own practice facility, training facility by the payment of monthly wages of all employees, regular school Education establishment in the wage settlement.

(C) Teaching Practice Management Materials
practice teaching material procurement by the practice facility, on a regular basis with the school settlement. According to each semester internship program and curriculum requirements, the practice of teaching materials required for procurement of plant, tools, labor protection supplies, are stated in the internship book factory, not in school finance Department reimbursement. Meanwhile, the practice facility is also responsible for the distribution of teaching materials and storage practice. and the school settlement, the settlement period from the training facility to provide the actual amount of work accomplished teaching practice, the relevant department and submitted to the school, according to audit results, the school in accordance with the approved allocation of teaching practice the standard cost of materials.

(D) the composition of teaching equipment
Teaching equipment and other fixed assets investment in the existing schools, but also practice self-financed acquisition of the factory. The school was divided into two cases, one department in charge of the school as the input to the factory in the financial account in the accounting practice; the second is delivered by the school bought a practice facility use of the financial account in the accounting school, internship for reference only registered factories, responsible for daily management. part of the teaching equipment both for teaching, but also for production.


Second, problems

(A) the expenditure squeeze into the production costs of teaching
As factories and teaching practice are intertwined, in practice it is necessary to plant on account production cost accounting, but also accounting Education expenditure. Teaching is no separate accounting of expenditures, education expenditures usually occur, such as the preparation of teaching staff salaries, terms of teaching equipment depreciation, consumption of materials, teaching practice has also been credited to the cost of production costs. Although settlement with the school after the school funding should be allocated to teaching practice in the production cost accounts for a certain amount of adjustment, but this adjustment with a lag , not tight, not standardized. Thus, there is college internship factory inflated production costs and product cost issues untrue, thus affecting the accuracy of the results of its production and operation.

(B) there is more risk of deduction of input tax
Training materials and factory sourcing, the production of materials and teaching practice materials are often purchased at the same time, and the two types of materials are also open with the purchase invoice. Since the source did not distinguish between two types of materials strictly, in the sectors of accounting treatment it is difficult to spin-off input tax, which all of the input tax deductible. caused many factories deduction of input tax practice, pay less tax, there is tax risk.

(C) there is risk of corporate income tax
Inflated due to production costs, corporate profits, and practice facility are usually no tax adjustments, eventually leading to pay less income tax, there is also tax risk.

(D) lack of teaching of complete and accurate expenditure data
Since there is no separate accounting of expenditures of teaching can not be fully and accurately reflect the actual amount of spending each year of teaching. And the actual allocation of the teaching practice school funding when compared to cost overruns or savings, it is difficult to provide detailed and accurate data support.


Third, the need for a separate accounting of expenditures of teaching

(A) increasing the product cost and operating results of the authenticity of the production
Education spending squeeze into the production costs, will lead to inflated production costs, product cost untrue, and ultimately affect the outcome of the authenticity of the production and operation. Therefore, education spending must be accounted for separately.

(B) reduce the tax risks
If the practice of teaching costs and production expenses combined accounting, tax or from both corporate income tax from the point of view, there is tax-related risks. Therefore, both the expenditure and costs must be strictly separated the teaching expenditures accounted for separately.


Fourth, the specific accounting and management

(A) of the subjects set
Education spending and production in order to distinguish between cost, ease of teaching expenditures accounted for separately and may be three additional two subjects. First, the "other receivables" added under the heading "training funds to be settled" and "Accounts Practice funds "two secondary subjects; Second, in the" raw material "added under the heading" teaching practice materials, "two subjects.

(B) the content of the new accounting subjects
1. Other receivables - funded training to be settled
"Other receivables - funded training to be settled" practice facility by the advanced accounting courses, regularly clearing the teaching and school expenditures. Practice all kinds of teaching practice occurring plant consumption and expenditure, debit the subjects, credits " bank deposits "," raw materials - teaching practice materials "and other subjects. end of the month, the balance of the borrower, expressed by the advanced practice facility has not been settled with the school the teaching expenditures. settlement with the school through the end of the year, according to the balance sheet are listed Schools should show the amount of funds allocated internship, debit "Other receivables - trade training funds", credited to this account. at the end of school settlement, if any debit balances, transfer "operating expenses"; as has a credit balance, into the "operating income", carried over no balance after the end of the course. The subjects were three levels according to detailed accounts of expenditure, such as teaching the preparation of wage, teaching the preparation of welfare, social security costs of teaching preparation, practice materials fees.

2. Other receivables - receivables financing practice
"Other receivables - receivables financing practice" subject accounting practice regularly with the school settlement factories, schools should Bofu and yet paid internship funding. And the school settlement, providing settlement by the practice list of the factory, pay the school audit. According to the Audit Schools should be allocated after the amount of training funds, debit the subjects, credited "other receivables - funding to be settled practice"; actually received training funds allocated by the school, the debit "bank deposits" and other subjects, loan remember the subject. the end of this course is a debit balance to reflect the settlement has been with the school, but school has not yet allocated funding for the internship.


3. Raw materials - teaching practice materials
"Raw materials - teaching practice material" subject plant purchase accounting practice used by the various types of materials and supplies of teaching practice. Purchase of materials, the debit of the subject, credited "bank deposits", "accounts payable" and other subjects; Student internship recipients, debit "Other receivables - funded training to be settled," course, credited to this account. The subject is the end of a debit balance to reflect the practice of teaching practice facility inventory the actual cost of materials.

(C) Examples of significant accounting issues
1. Purchase of materials, teaching practice
By: Raw materials - teaching practice materials (the aggregate amount of ad valorem)
Credit: bank deposits
Accounts payable
2. Teaching Practice requisitioned materials
By: Other receivables - funded training to be settled
Credit: Raw materials - teaching practice materials
3. Teaching Practice requisitioned materials production operations
By: Other receivables - funded training to be settled
Credit: raw materials (production and management of materials)
Taxes payable - VAT (input tax turns out)
4. Shortage of teaching materials and carry-over
Inventory loss when:
By: Unacknowledged
Credit: Raw materials - teaching practice materials
Carried forward:
By: Other receivables - funded training to be settled
Other receivables (or fault insurance claims for indemnity)
Operating expenses (non-normal loss)
Credit: Unacknowledged
5. Overage and carry-over of teaching materials
Overage time:
By: Raw materials - teaching practice materials
Credit: Unacknowledged
Carried forward:
By: Unacknowledged
Credit: Other receivables - funded training to be settled
Operating income in the Research Papers Download Links http://www.hi138.com 6. The payment of wages (all staff salaries)
By: Employee benefits payable (more than the number of approved teaching establishment wages)
Other receivables - to be settled practice funding (approved teaching establishment in wages)
Credit: bank deposits
7. Wages
Need only exceed the authorized number of the teaching establishment to allocate the total wages (entry omitted), while the wages of teaching establishment in the school itself, when payment is included in "Other receivables - funded training to be settled," course, no be allocated.

8. And School Settlement
By: Other receivables - receivables financing practice
Credit: Other receivables - funded training to be settled
9. "Other receivables - funded training to be settled" at the end of the balance carried forward
By: operating expenses
Credit: Other receivables - funded training to be settled
Or:
By: Other receivables - funded training to be settled
Credit: operating income
10. The actual allocation of training funds received by schools
By: bank deposit
Credit: Other receivables - receivables financing practice
(D) the kind of teaching materials for management practice
1. Preparation of procurement plan
For teaching materials, teaching practice by the department responsible for each semester of teaching practice under the plan and outline the requirements of teaching practice preparation of procurement plans. Production material procurement plans prepared by other departments.

2. Material procurement, inspection and storage
According to the procurement plan, market inquiry by the procurement department and the procurement of bulk materials basis having the bidding process for procurement. Purchase back the plant, must be carried out strict quality inspection, for storage procedures.

3. Materials storage
To avoid the use of materials and production of teaching materials confusion, facilitate the management of teaching materials, teaching materials need to be kept separate and custody, there must be eye-catching logo.

4. The material released
According to the teaching program, the nursing teachers through department heads who signed requisition to the warehouse to receive training materials, requisition departments and recipients indicated on more uses, indicate the class and number. Through the requisition will be and production of teaching materials and fully distinguish between the use of materials for teaching to create conditions for spending accounted for separately.

5. Materials inventory
End of each month to conduct physical inventory, prepare inventory list, and teaching materials to check the book number. Overage and shortage occurred, according to the provisions of the appropriate accounting treatment.


V. Notes

(A) the purchase invoices were open
Teaching materials and the production of materials used in the purchase invoices must be issued separately, may not be together. This source will be a distinction between two types of materials, easy to separate accounting. In addition, no matter what kind of teaching material to obtain an invoice shall be deducted input tax.

(B) production of teaching materials requisitioned, the input tax to be transferred out
The time of the purchase of production supplies the input tax deductible, but if the recipients of the production practice teaching materials, the use of materials has changed, it should be recognized as for non-VAT taxable items. According to the provisions of Provisional Regulations on Value Added Tax , it has offset the input tax should be transferred out.

(C) teaching equipment and other fixed assets not depreciated
After the delivery of training by school purchase teaching equipment used in the factory because the factory is not in the book accounting practice, can not be depreciated. For the purchase of their own practice facility, specialized equipment for teaching, although in practice the factory book accounting, but not depreciated.

(D) and the teaching practice of operating expenses related to tax adjustments
Settlement with the school through the end of the year, the "Other receivables - funded training to be settled," course of a debit balance to operating expenses of the part, and after the shortage of teaching materials into the operating expenses of the amount of corporate income tax in the return have to be adjusted by tax treatment. because these two types of operating expenses and production and management does not have any relationship, not before tax.

(E) associated with the teaching practice operating income to be incorporated into the taxable income
Settlement with the school through the end of the year, the "Other receivables - funded training to be settled" into the subject of the credit balance of operating income in part to the amount incorporated into the calculation of taxable income and pay the corporate income tax. ��

[Main references]
[1] Ministry of Finance. Accounting Standards (2006) [S]. Beijing: Economic Science Press, 2006.

[2] Ministry of Finance Accounting Division to prepare a group. ASBE explained (2006) [M]. Beijing: People's Publishing House, 2007. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download