Sustainable utilization of water resources in Tianjin

Of: Li Yan Xu Yanjie Han Yifang

Abstract The status of Tianjin and utilization of water resources in the analysis, to ease water shortages, sustainable utilization of water resources, water resources Development and utilization of Tianjin that reference.

Keywords: water resources; sustainable use; Tianjin
AbstractThrough the analysis of the present conditions and utilization about the water resources in Tianjin, the methods for improving the situations of the shortage of water resources and achieving the sustainable utilization of the water resources were submited, in order to provide references for the exploitation and utilization of water resources in Tianjin.

Keywords:water resources; sustainable utilization; Tianjin

Water is extremely important as a basic natural resources, strategic and sustainable Development of Economic resources, environmental resources, is both a source of human civilization, human survival and Development is an important material basis, but also support social progress, to sustain Economic the basic guarantee for sustainable Development. With the modern society, the acceleration of urbanization, the growing number of urban residents, social and Economic leaps and bounds, as the industrial waste water, sewage and all other carriers of polluting emissions, the pollution issues and Development and utilization of the existing management process unreasonable, conservation and sustainable use of water resources become the focus of attention, but also become the key to sustainable living human decisions. At present, many domestic scholars from the water resources assessment, rational allocation and regulation illustrates how the angles in some regions or cities to achieve sustainable use and protection of water resources [1-2]. because different regions have different water use and protection features, so some relevant studies Measures with relatively limited. This paper utilization of water resources in Tianjin as the Research object, analyzing its present situation of water resources, water resources protection and utilization that the problems with the configuration proposed countermeasures.

1 status of water resources in Tianjin
1.1 River to Tianjin
Tianjin is located in the lower reaches of the Haihe River valley, known as "shoot nine under the river," said the flow through the territory of a city has 19 rivers, mainly in the Haihe River, Ji Canal, the Yongding River, the North Canal, South Canal, Ziya River, Qinghe, etc.; two channel 79. City in the medium and large reservoirs are in the Bridge Reservoir, North Dagang reservoir, Tuanbowa reservoirs, there are 12 flood [3]. numerous rivers, Wadian, reservoirs, ponds constitute the vast area of inland waters for irrigation and urban water supply development have provided favorable conditions.

1.2 Surface Water Resources
Tianjin precipitation depends mainly on surface water resources, not only with the city's abundance of precipitation, dry on, and depends largely on the Haihe River basin-wide precipitation Luan River. PArt of its surface water resources from local, outside the area from another pArt of the city's entry into the water.

1.2.1 precipitation. Meteoric water is the main source of surface water, which to some extent reflect the changes in the number and characteristics of surface water. Tianjin is about 600 mm annual average precipitation. But by the monsoon rainfall, latitude, distance from the sea , topographic effects are significant. Tianjin precipitation with geographical distribution is uneven, seasonal distribution is uneven, and other characteristics of interannual variability in spatial distribution than the plain mountainous, coastal than inland features.

1.2.2 The amount of water to Tianjin. Tianjin is located in the Haihe River Basin sink, depending on the upstream water to Tianjin annual flow of the river. The river water to Tianjin, including the Southern DepArtment of the South Canal, Great River [4].

1.3 Groundwater Resources
Tianjin groundwater resources, including natural groundwater resources and groundwater resources can be taken.

2 water use
2.1 water
2.1.1 water. Since the distribution of Tianjin in the water first to ensure that residents adhere to the principle of needs, so even in the absence of water, city water and water standards are as the total urban Population growth and people's living standards increase (including the improvement of water conditions) and improved year by year.

2.1.2 Industrial water use. Tianjin is an industrial city, industrial water, mainly in the high water consumption industries such as thermal power, metallurgy, chemicals and paper.

2.1.3 agricultural water. Agriculture is the major water users, while most of the irrigation water the most. As water scarcity, restricted the growth of food production, raw sewage had to refer to irrigation, rural water for the set of basic needs. Now to ensure that agricultural water use is lower than industrial and domestic water, so the drought years of agricultural and industrial competition for water is serious.

2.2 Water pollution is serious
Population is concentrated, industrialized city in the downstream water body usually suffer from serious pollution. Pollution is municipal sewage and industrial waste water, peri-urban agricultural fertilizers and pesticides. Polluted precipitation formed by surface runoff and underground runoff pollution is more serious. Tianjin to at the Haihe River, the Haihe River in a flood discharge of the task, and the acceptance of Tanggu various pollutants discharged from industrial areas, because of its upper reaches less dilution capacity of the river down, exacerbated by the pollution of water resources in Tianjin.

3 to ease water shortage, measures for sustainable use of water resources
Sustainable development is a global development strategy, the sustainable use of water resources is the main pillar system. Is to make sustainable use of water resources development and utilization of water resources to maximize the Economic, social and environmental benefits to meet the social and Economic sustainable development and people's living standards are improving on the quantity and quality requirements, while preserving the hydrological water resources, biological and chemical aspects of the natural functions of water within the limits of environmental carrying capacity of adjust human activities to economic development and water resources protection simultaneously.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com solve water shortage in Tianjin, to achieve its sustainable use, must be based on the status of the city of Tianjin and other areas of the actual conditions, the overall situation and long-term interests planned and systematic series of measures, continue to adhere to both revenue and reduce expenditure, the recent throttling-based approach to gradually achieve a fundamental solution to the problem of water in Tianjin [5].

3.1 Development of water-saving agriculture
3.1.1 adjust crop structure, compression irrigation. Wheat is the main crop in Tianjin, the water more. In recent years, the absence of water in the dry, compressed wheat acreage, replanting drought-resistant crops, to alleviate agricultural water conditions play an important role in short supply.

3.1.2 promotion of irrigation Technology. Tianjin is Yanguan most areas, irrigation and furrow irrigation, low utilization coefficient of irrigation water. So we should vigorously develop water-saving irrigation, promotion of irrigation, micro irrigation and drip irrigation and other techniques, are Irrigation projects are fully supporting the building, promotion of anti-seepage Technology [6].

3.2 The use of storage facilities for storage of precipitation Engineering
Full use of existing Engineering facilities, adequate storage capacity to improve and adjust the layout of water storage projects to improve the utilization rate of runoff to meet the needs of agricultural water use. Tianjin storing agricultural water depends mainly on surface water. The existing water storage projects After further improve and strengthen the management can increase the storage capacity of different levels. At the same time, also need to adjust the layout of water storage projects, too little change in water storage facilities north of the state, reduce surface runoff losses. should make full use of the northern Jixian, Baodi , Wuqing, Ninghe county 4 113 322 m3 total volume of 10 Dawa, to improve water storage capacity. the construction of farmland water conservancy projects should be based on Hennessy-based, will be the combination of drought and drainage, water works and give full play benefits.

3.3 treatment, a wastewater irrigation water use 3.3.1. Sewage irrigation water in China is currently a way to less demanding of water quality due to irrigation, treated wastewater can be used for irrigation slightly. Indiscriminate discharge of sewage will pollute the water and the environment However, it has used for crop irrigation on fertilizer value, while some of the soil to remove pollutants in wastewater. Therefore, the use of wastewater irrigation can not only alleviate the problem of inadequate source of agricultural irrigation, but also to promote agricultural production and environmental improvement. But for irrigation must be given the amount of water restrictions, irrigation water can not exceed the amount of water demand of crops and field capacity.

3.3.2 Wastewater Reuse. Recycling of sewage can be used for iron and steel industry, chemical industry, mining, paper and cement industries. Steam power generation, industrial processing and mining equipment, industrial potential of wastewater reuse, especially in the cooling , slag processing and procedures for the hydraulic transmission.

3.3.3 water recharge. Artificial recharge of groundwater has been widely used to control land subsidence, to prevent seawater intrusion into the underground reservoir and the lack of additional water resources and so on. However, if high-quality ground water recharge, and the last in the nearby area it out, you lose the value of resource utilization, leading to higher costs of water. If properly treated wastewater recharge to the ground, not only technically feasible and also economically more reasonable.

3.4 Artificial water
Further expand the capacity of water from the outside to increase and improve water storage facilities, improve the regulation, to meet the growing urban water needs. Tianjin city water main on the outside water. Although basically solved the Luan River Project water use situation in the city recently, but the long run, yet to open up new sources of water. The central government has constructed water diversion project, cited the Yangtze River water to Tianjin. in Luan River water shortage, it can take water from the Yellow River or other local measures.

3.5 Desalination
In the economic and technical feasibility of the conditions, the active use of sea water cooling and desalination. Tianjin Bohai, the sea has abundant water resources, water use of Technology should be strengthened Research and extension. Practice has proved that the direct use of water for industrial cooling water, low investment high efficiency, but to gradually resolve the water problem of corrosion of equipment. Although desalination of high energy consumption, high cost, but as plenty of back-water, in order to meet the urgent need of special circumstances, should actively build desalination plants.

3.6 The rational exploitation of groundwater
According to the current investigation of groundwater resources to actively develop and use underground water in the northern region, transformation and use of central and southern areas of brackish water and salt water. Should implement joint operation of surface water and groundwater, rational use and take appropriate measures to control land subsidence.

4 References
[1] Department of Geography, Tianjin Normal University. Tianjin Agricultural Geography [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 1981.

[2] Google Books Church. Tianjin Economic Overview [M]. Tianjin: Tianjin People's Publishing House, 1984.

[3] Xingjia Ming, Tang Dynasty sword, Xuzhi Kang, et al. Beijing-Tianjin region geographical and ecological environment of [M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1988.

[4] Gu Xinzhou, Yinya Qing, Dong Xiaomin. Tianjin situation and development and utilization of water resources [J]. Haihe River Water Resources, 2008 (6) :5-6.

[5] Zhang Zi, Rui-Ming Wang. Building a conservation-oriented society of the water resources management system [J]. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology, 2008 (5) :89-90.

[6] Zhao Shen, Jian Liu. Tianjin Water Resources Study of multi-objective optimization [J]. Water and economy, 2010,16 (6) :601-604.

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