Zhijin of slope land soil erosion

Of: Zhouqi Kun Xu Weizhong Yang Ling Li River

Abstract Zhijin County land use survey, including land use, land slope grading, and farmers were cases of small watershed investigations and so on, from the adjustment of industrial structure and improve the level of slope land cultivation, supporting the implementation of water projects, terracing summarizes the slope land watershed governance measures to provide a reference for the soil erosion.

Keywords: slope land; soil erosion; small watershed; measures; Zhijin
Currently, the sloping land erosion has become a major source of [1-2]. The whole country sloping soil erosion area accounting for 6.7%, but soil loss account for approximately 28.3% of the total soil erosion, especially more concentrated areas of sloping land, the soil erosion and even the amount of soil erosion in the region accounted for 50% of the total. If the Three Gorges Reservoir area sloping soil erosion accounts for each year 73% of the total; some tributaries of the Yellow River Basin accounts for sloping land erosion 60% of river sediment load; southwestern Guizhou Province, Rocky Mountain territory, sloping soil erosion accounts for the total loss of 85%. Slope Soil Conservation land is related to the construction of ecological civilization is related to land and food security in China and the pace of building new countryside [3-4]. According to Qian and Water Conservation (2010) 13 forward and Water Conservation Division of Water Resources <"On the comprehensive soil erosion control slope land to carry out Research on special topics notice>" (water conservation measure will be the word (2010 ) 2) requires, Ministry of Water Resources in March 2010 to mid-organized terracing in Guizhou province the size and layout of special investigations, special investigations carried out in Zhijin County, one county. Zhijin County is located in central Guizhou Province, is located Sancha, surrounded by six red river downstream of the junction between the geographical coordinates of longitude 105 �� 20'14 "~ 106 �� 10'19", latitude 26 �� 21'47 "~ 26 �� 37'24". the county to at the eastern Guizhou Guizhou highland plateau and the transition zone, lying west to east. Zhijin county has a total population 101.69 million, of which agricultural population of 94.83 million, 57.45 million rural labor force, 12.18 million migrant workers all year round, accounted for 21.2% of the rural labor force, urbanization of rural population of 10 years will reach 12.5 million labor force 25 million people. According to the notification requirements of King County organizations to collect information in accordance with relevant content, soil erosion on sloping land for a number of measures and countermeasures Discussion.

1 Zhijin County land use investigation
1.1 land use
The county's total land area of ² 868 km 2, the total area of arable land 104 800 hm ^2, 35.56% of total area, of which paddy field 14,800 hm ^2, ladder flat 42600 hm ^2, sloping 89,100 hm ^2; total area of forest land to 36,700 hm ^2, 12.81% of total area, including woodland 32200 hm ^2, by the fruit forest 606.67 hm ^2, sparse to 553.33 hm ^2, young forest 3 346.67 hm ^2; the total grassland area of 25000 hm ^2, 8.72% of total area; barren hills and slopes to a total area of 48400 hm ^2, 16.88% of total area; water a total area of ² 386.67 hm 2, 0.83% of total area; non-productive land total area of 9 993.33 hm ^2, 3.49% of total area; difficult to use in a total area of 38500 hm ^2, 13.44% of total area.

Land slope rating of 1.2
25 �� in the arable land area of about 31,100 Singapore hm ^2, accounting for 24.73% of the total area cultivated.

By this analysis, the existing arable land is about 25 �� slope high proportion of arable land, grain production in the county charged with the main land, is causing serious soil erosion, one of the reasons the county, the county per capita land area of 2 813.33 m ^2, per capita arable land area is 1 000 m ^2, the per capita farmland of agricultural 426.67 m ^2. Zhijin slope rating area: ground (�� 2 ��) area is 145.48 hm ^{2; 2} ~ 6 �� area of 5 109.10 hm ² (terraces 1 789.75 hm ^2, slope 3 319.35 hm ^2); 6 ~ 15 �� area of 47 381.43 hm ² (Terrace 5 644.59 hm ^2, slope 41 736.84 hm ^2); 15 ~ 25 �� area of 38 492.92 hm ² (terraces 948.66 hm ^2, slope 37 544.26 hm ^2);> 25 �� area of 12 379.18 hm ² (terraces 233.73 hm ^2, slope 12 145.45 hm ^2).
1.3 Watershed Survey
Zhijin Lok 2009 design tea Dianxiang small watershed, the basin is located in northern King County organized in Zhongshan, the loss of slope intensity zones. As a typical small watershed, the basin is located in Shenzhen, Zhongshan cutting landforms, relief large, water cut strong, and the characteristics of high mountains and steep slopes, is Hongjiadu reservoir, basin maximum elevation 1 635 m, the minimum altitude of 1 122 m, relative height 513 m. 3 Lok administrative jurisdiction of small watershed Village 1 850 9 371, a total of total land area of 3 580 hm ^2, of which arable land 1 846.67 hm ^2, forest land 900 hm ^2, the grass 233.33 hm ^2, grassland 226.67 hm ^2, and other difficult to use to 380 hm ^2. catchment agricultural output 6.3445 million yuan, of which 5.4945 million yuan output value of agriculture, forestry production value of 340,000 yuan, 300,000 yuan output value of animal husbandry, fishery output value of 6 million, the other output value of 1.5 million, accounting for 86.60 percent of GDP, 5.45%, 4.70%, 0.90%, 2.40%, rural per capita annual net income of 1869 yuan. in this industrial structure, a higher proportion of agricultural industry, agricultural industry, more investment in labor. in the basin, sloping land to grow food crops mainly maize, wheat, potato and soybeans and the average yield of ² 595 kg / hm 2, rape, tobacco and other cash crops have a small amount of planting, planting area 340 hm ^2, the average yield of 3 t / hm ^2, the basic fruit production in the basin of 0. their land cultivation is characterized by the index is too high, sloping area, four types of more extensive cultivation, the land barren.

Zhijin the last decade, has been successively implemented the "Yangtze River" project, "Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei and Chongqing Watershed Rehabilitation / EU grants" a number of projects, watershed management, select the governance of the "Yangtze River" Project Big street as a typical small watershed, watershed investigations, the valley involved five administrative villages with a total population of 8,869 people, rural population density is 373 persons / km ^2. The total area of ² 320 hm 2, of which arable land 1 520 hm ^2, accounting for 65.5% of the total land area, cultivated area of paddy fields 313.33 hm ^2, 13.5% of the total land area, staircase to 366.67 hm ^2, 15.7% of the total land area, sloping 743.33 hm ^2, 36.29% of the total land area , the per capita basic farmland 746.67 m ^2, per capita agricultural land 1 700 m ^2, the basin through the land resource evaluation and land suitability analysis, the main measures of its size and type of governance are: comprehensive management of an area of 11.77 km ^2, 90% of control levels, Sloping the main types of measures are: Terrace 51.6 hm ^2, by the fruit trees 37.33 hm ^2, and soil conservation tillage 632.80 hm ^2, accounting for comprehensive management of sloping land management area of 57.4%. through the governance of the basin, the annual per capita net income 2 216 yuan, annual growth rate of 20.18%.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com According to the analysis of a typical small watershed survey shows that, to ensure the minimum required to meet the needs of the county rations 1.15 hm ² per capita farmland above the level of income to maintain existing agricultural land required for the 42,000 industry hm ^2, able to take each year labor food production, at least by the fruit trees planted over an area of 1 666.67 m ^2.
1.4 A Case investigation Farmers
King County selected the self-organized township, the racecourse Township Watershed stalagmites and vegetable farms Pa Pa's Zhangzhao Yu, Yang Xinming and other typical household for the survey, investigated the distribution of sloping land, the production of different levels of land survey, and the agricultural industry structural survey. in a family household survey, with a population of 6 people, land 4 666.67 m ^2, of which paddy 333.33 m ^2, dry plains 133.33 m ^2, slope farmland 3 000 m ^2, slope farmland accounts for 64% of cultivated land, family grain output 3 800 million, of which more than 50% slope farmland, fruit production was 0.

2 sloping watershed management measures
King County in recent years through the organization has control of a typical small watershed sloping governance, social justice For justice to meet local building standards for new rural per capita grain needed to reach 400 kg, breeding and other use of grain 100 kg, the total county population of 101.69 million (2008 year-end), the total grain output 3.585 million t, the per capita share of grain 357 kg, far less than the standard required for a new socialist countryside construction per capita rations, must be the minimum required number of basic farmland per capita forecast Terrace larger than that of a large number of sloping land to increase food yield improvement, construction, terracing, increasing land and development of other leading industries.

2.1 The adjustment of industrial structure, improve the level of Tillage
King County organization based mainly on farming, the existing irrational industrial structure, low levels of agricultural production, production is lagging behind, food production, a dominant position, the lack of high-quality, high value-added products; existing small-scale economic fruit forest , a small number of low quality, poor management; county land resources in some areas and some biological resources due to irrational over-exploitation of land and water resources, serious damage, leading to land degradation, low vegetation coverage, soil erosion is more serious , which restricts the development of the rural economy. in carrying out ecological construction at the same time, based on the accelerating pace of industrial restructuring in rural areas and focus on improving forestry, animal husbandry and processing industry, processing of agricultural products in order to promote the leading enterprises in the rural industrial structure adjustment. by the people to vigorously improve the training of the project area, changing the mass rigid conservative ideology, and promote traditional farming methods of slope changes in land and planting standards, to increase revenue, reduce poverty and face the people, to achieve sustainable use of resources purposes.

2.2 terracing and water supporting the project implementation
Under the new requirements of rural development pilot villages, 800 m ² per capita more than the basic farmland, agricultural land more than the minimum 1 666.67 m ^2. According to Zhijin Utilization suitability of the existing sloping land and agricultural-led industrial development direction, sloping Zhijin County Treatment must be combined with the size of 8 080 hm ^2, the main use of terracing, water facilities, soil conservation tillage and other measures, the main requirement measures layout is: greater than 25 �� slope land to create farmland soil and water conservation, soil slope of the more profound laid the economic fruit forest land; 10 ~ 20 �� sloping stone easily, deep soil, terracing the implementation of projects, supporting small bar, volleyball, water storage projects; usually 5 ~ 25 �� is not arranged the construction of terracing, the fruit trees on sloping land measures, the use of soil conservation tillage management, to achieve the water and soil conservation, reducing soil erosion, increase ground cover, the purpose of expanding the scope of root distribution, improve the soil with lime, planting green manure to improve the multiple crop index crop each other to promote and improve the yield per unit area of cultivated land slope.

3 sloping watershed management benefit analysis
Well-being of typical small watershed, watershed investigations, and remediation of cropland in recent years of experience, comprehensive management of sloping land terracing on the main, the fruit trees, timber planting, cultivation and soil conservation measures such as the type of comprehensive management of sloping land measures in small watershed management measures to account for 60%, and individual measures of quantities and cost of earthwork quantities for the Terrace 1 155 m3/hm ^2, Rock 570 m3/hm ^2, integrated unit 66,750 yuan / hm ^2, increasing food 900 kg / hm ^2, and soil conservation 792 t / hm ^2, water 3 000 m3/hm ^2. earthwork quantities by fruit trees 870 m3/hm ^2, integrated unit 22,500 yuan / hm ^2, increasing fruit 1.68 t / hm ^2, increase the income of 50,400 yuan / hm ^2, and soil conservation 573 t / hm ^2, water 24 750 m3/hm ^2. the amount of soil and water conservation forest project moving 870 m3/hm ^2, integrated unit 2 070 yuan / hm ^2, increasing timber 45 m3 / hm ^2, increasing income of 1.2 yuan / hm ^2, and soil conservation ² 355 t / hm 2, water 49 065 m3/hm ^2. Through the implementation of remediation on sloping farmland, making the project area to improve the ecological environment, land productivity improved land use structure will become more reasonable, the rural industrial structure adjustment and further speed up the pace. through the sloping land application of new technologies, enhance the awareness of cadres and the masses of the ecological environment and technological awareness, foster high-quality labor in rural areas a large number of local talent, agricultural development and economic revitalization lay a good foundation, and can effectively reduce the soil erosion in the project area.

4 Conclusion
According to the county current situation and development direction of agricultural production, the county's natural, social and economic conditions and rural economic development, drawing on previous years, sloping watershed successful experience of governance, management made a reasonable layout of the direction and measures, highlighting the sloping local conditions, comprehensive management features. terracing project through surveys of small water conservation, establishment of vegetation and other supporting facilities such as a number of measures have been used to control and runoff, adjusting the agricultural structure, control soil erosion, improving ecological environment, the development of rural economy. strengthen the block management and protection, the development of alternative energy sources, promote ecological self-repair. This type of integrated ecological and economic governance, contribute to the project area sloping to the economic and social improvement sustained and coordinated development.

However, soil erosion in sloping land management, in conjunction with other soil and water conservation measures in order to form a complete protection system. For example, digging the level of barren hills and slopes to intercept runoff water and sediment interception trench, planting trees and grasses to restore vegetation; slope erosion ditch gully head protection, slope cutting, gully bank in the construction of plants with a side ridge, ditch construction Gu Fang, embankments, ditch the fixed bed, storing sediment, and create a solid groove forest, shelter and so on. Furthermore, should do the sloping Soil and Water Conservation monitoring, monitoring of the distribution of soil erosion in sloping land, soil erosion area and the amount of change from year to year and the overall effectiveness of comprehensive control measures for the situation [3-4]. to increase arable land on the slope of the comprehensive efforts of moderate to severe loss of the project area increase capital investment, highlighting key governance, strengthen supervision and management, and strengthen the understanding of slope land remediation.

5 References
[1] DI Lee, Sun Pengju, Zhou Li. Gansu Province, the feasibility of sloping farmland and pasture Necessity [J]. Qinghai Grass, 2003 (2) :12-16.

[2] Ran Maowen. Mountain agricultural development should pay attention to comprehensive management of dry slope land [J]. Contemporary Guizhou, 2006 (21) :35-36.

[3] Liao Yishan, Zhuomu Ning, Li Dingqiang, et al. Desertification in North optimal allocation of land use and resource utilization [J]. China Karst, 2010,29 (11) :12-19.

[4] Qi Yang weeks. Zhouzhi County Sloping Farming Measures Benefits from Soil and Water Conservation [J]. Shanxi Water Conservancy, 2010 (2) :148-149.

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