Langfang City, Sand Control and Countermeasures

Abstract The status of Langfang City, Sand Management, summed up the basic Experience, analysis of afforestation in desertification problems, and propose a solution for Sand Control reference.

Keywords: Sand control; the status quo; Experience; problems; countermeasures; Hebei Langfang

Is located in Langfang City, north China plain, located in the shoot nine under the river, the history of the Yongding, Chaobai River, Great River flood diversion many times, forest resources have been seriously damaged, severely saline soil Shahuang. The whole city area of desertified land salinization 200 000 hm ^2, accounting for 31.2% of the total area of the city, wind damage is very serious. In recent years, relying on three North Langfang City, returning farmland to forests, desertification and other key forestry projects, vigorously carry out the theme of governance in the sand area The afforestation activities. The city forest cover increased from 16.5% in 2000 to the current 40.7%, sand hazard has been effectively controlled, urban and rural environment has been greatly improved, as the sand plain area north of governance model.

1 Langfang City, Sand Treatment Status
1.1 The rapid rise of sandy forest
Since 2001, forest management, Langfang City Sand 107 000 hm ^2, equal to the sum of the previous 30 years, the existing forest area of 229,000 hm ^2, 40.7% forest coverage. Initial formation of a ring, ring the town, Central Village Green for the points to River, drainage, roads, banks, dam green belt for the line to fast growing forest, fruit bases famous face, "point, line, surface," the combination of a multi-tree species, more species, multi-level, multi-colored forest ecological security system.

1.2 The rapid Development of forestry industry in sandy area
The city formed a wood processing, fruit production, seed production of flowers and trees, four major forest tourism industry, to enrich forestry projects focus on the forestry industry system has been developed rapidly. As of the end of 2008, the city a total of 3 000 enterprises involved in forest home, number of employees more than 100 million people, forestry output value reached 155 billion yuan.

1.3 Environmental quality improved significantly
The city's sand hill, sand dunes have been eliminated, the fundamental improvement of desertified lands, the effective protection of farmland, natural disasters significantly reduced to achieve high and stable yield of grain. By making green sand control project, so that the air quality in Langfang City, the number of days in grade �� to 330 d for 3 consecutive years or more, to achieve the blue sky, clear water, green trees, flowers beauty. Facts have proved that focus on the implementation of governance sandy area of the Three-North Shelterbelt, returning farmland to forests, desertification and other projects for the city forest comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable Development laid a good foundation, sandy area governance in the contemporary era, will benefit future generations.

Basic Experience 2
2.1 clear objectives, focus
Governance in the sand area in the city of Langfang City in close connection with the city's economic and social Development planning and forestry Development plan, put forward a clear afforestation of sandy areas as the main management strategy. Caught five key projects: the "base" construction . full use of alkaline wasteland of sand, abandoned land and low-yielding farmland, the implementation of market-oriented operation, to encourage large afforestation, creating more than 6.7 hm ² 1 014 tablets forest block. initial formation of a northern high-quality fruits, flowers and seed base, the central timber , fast growing forest, economic forest base in the southern base of wood raw material, special forest base as the main timber, fruits, flowers, seedlings and other production bases, with a total area of 160,000 hm ^2, of wood can produce 100 million m3, with an annual output of 50 fruit million t, Flower 6 0000000 (pots), 180 million seedlings. Second, the channel protection works. to the main river, drainage, roads, banks, dam green as the focus, each side of the green more than 50 m average width. initially formed the city through the broad framework of sand-fixing, the channel rate of over 95% green. Third, farmland protection project. implemented to protect the basic farmland as the goal of farmland shelterbelt construction. requires the minimum mesh size of not less than 20 hm ² , the main belt 2 to 3 lines, lines 1 and 2 Vice-forest, shrubs, trees configure. agroforestry city control rate reached 90%, compared to 2000 increased by 30 percentage points, the protection of basic farmland 333 000 hm ^2. Fourth village protection works. the village green as a civilization, an important part of the construction of eco-villages, Development of the village green standards, asking the village green coverage rate reached 40%, Central Village, each village should create a forest, with all the Green Village Road. At present , the city's 3,222 villages or streets, 1,544 villages have been more than 40% green coverage, of which 1 000 villages more than 30%, 600 villages of 25% or more. Fifth, town protection works. To promote the rural and urban greening integration, Langfang City in Central City, Central, county, township and provincial ring junction to create a distinctive ecological landscape forest, in the main entrance to the construction of urban green attractions. Langfang City and around the city forest to achieve a "double loop "closed; in and out of the city built five junctions welcome diverse scenery spots, with Beijing, Tianjin, bordering the river, drainage, roads, dikes, dams Department, raised the green level, achieved with Beijing Tianjin Green organic interface.

2.2 innovative mechanisms to increase the vitality
The practice of planting in the Sand, Langfang City, summed up the Experience is a very successful activation mechanism. Adhere to the "who invests, who exploit, who operate will benefit" principle, let go of the development of private forestry, the development and improvement of preferential policies, changes in the main body of afforestation and change simply by the state, the collective input for the state, collective, individual multiple inputs. the city's construction of private enterprises involved in forestry, there are 128,000 individuals, of which more than planting large 6.67 hm ² to 835, 33.3 hm more than ² 143 households, 66.7 hm ² or more large 36, achieved by the government-run forestry to the community to do forest changes. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2.3 growth industry, Xing Lin become rich
In recent years, Langfang City in the Sand to develop afforestation process, pay attention to the role of forest products processing industry pull to encourage the development of forest products processing industry, education leader, to build a base, even the farmers into the market, forming a "Chan Jiaxiao through-train "timber" Long-based economy. "the city's existing wood-based panels, wood pulp, wood processing, forest enterprises involved more than 3000, the annual consumption of wood 8.695 million m3. at work, Langfang City, on the one hand encourage Construction enterprises in the wasteland of sand base raw material base; the other hand, vigorously mobilize farmers planting trees, enterprise, farmers, the government's "win." Wen'an through grasping the wood-based panel industry, stimulating the development of forestry in the county, the county man-made Market has become the country's largest wood-based panel production and sales center, the county a total of more than 1 500 wood-based panel manufacturers, the annual output value of 5.6 billion, profits of 3.1 billion. in the industry, driven by sales people have to worry about the tree, There seedlings ������, further enhancing its sand control forest, sand control wealth of confidence.

3 Problems
3.1 The capital Investment needs to be strengthened afforestation
Forestry construction with large Investment cycle is long, slow effect features, on the one hand the times used for afforestation of arable land and Shahuang saline soils, water shortages, transport facilities, increasing the difficulty of afforestation, but also greatly increased the land formation, soil, water, electricity support and the acquisition of transportation, the cost of communications equipment; other sandy areas to create ecological forest management based, low economic returns. This makes the masses more difficult to mobilize the enthusiasm of afforestation, many individual contractors for a large initial Investment, operating cycle long, resulting in more debt, pay for, a serious shortage of potential [1].

3.2 small-scale afforestation, reforestation is difficult to guarantee the quality of
First afforestation of the governed for the individual, involving more than households. An a small area of cultivation, scattered in the trees, nursery stock size, planting and post is not conducive to good management, uniform standards. Second, a single planting methods, lack of afforestation practical Technology. Some long-haul transfer to the field planting seedlings households, not only affects the survival rate, but also easily lead to hybrid varieties, quality and efficiency of forest [2].

3.3 The single tree species, sand control forest model to be rich
Tree species in Langfang City, the poplar, Liu Shucheng of the housekeeping variety, prone to pests and diseases on the one hand, on the other sand control effectiveness is not obvious. Should actively bring in some good sand control trees, arbor, shrub and promote integration of mixed forest , grass intercropping, Forest Medicine intercropping and other models, to improve the economic efficiency of land utilization and forest land.

3.4 in some places re-created serious light tube
Investment in afforestation some people, mainly that the forestry with agricultural production, compared with the provincial workers, effort, etc., thus ignoring the forest management and protection work. Stand in the intensive management of low levels of the tree preservation and growth.

4 Countermeasures
4.1 Further study and formulate plans and policies for the development of forestry
Sand in the plain areas in the governance process, all levels of government should increase efforts to adjust planting structure, development of scientific forestry development plan, the sandy area of economic governance as the development of forestry and a breakthrough task. Full range of policy guidance and incentives, the establishment of a set of land leasing and contracting, tax collection and relief, development and support of credit funds, the typical rural household support and incentives, and communication support in terms of water policy, to fully mobilize all levels of county rural households, Sand all aspects of reforestation, encouraging the big plain forestry development.

4.2 to revitalize the forest mechanism
Lin Yinglin mechanism must be made according to local conditions, not to engage across the board, advised the public the public should be private is private. First, consider the different forest tree species of different purposes, to establish different mechanisms. The second is to consider the conditions suitable for afforestation. Geographical conditions are different, in the form of planting mechanism should also be used differently. Third, consider the local socio-economic conditions [3]. If construction of the village leadership, the masses made Linying Lin habits, such as mass and mass economic situation. No matter what mechanisms are must be clear procedures for public tenders, improve procedures, the contract notarized; involved in forest ownership, forest ownership and other issues, to send woodland, forest warrants, create a file, and actively and steadily promote the rapid development of sustainable forestry.

4.3 further improve integrated service
First, information services. Using television, brochures and other promotional ways and means to provide various types of households for the majority of forest production, management, sales information, to promote the timely and accurate information on the application of new Technology, optimize the product structure, update business model [ 4]. The second is financial services. in the World Bank loan for afforestation positive, three North, reforestation and other projects for afforestation, we must also grasp the village of credit, letter of the user's evaluation, for small credit loans, settlement of farmers planting financial difficulties of the problem. Third, the technical services. afforestation account for the lack of individual technical problems afforestation, reforestation and technical training must be strengthened. such as how to use ABT planting, mulching, drought and water retaining agent, and other advanced technologies, through training to improve their theoretical level and practical ability.

5 References
[1] Dong Jianguo. Plain Sand Governance [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2009 (8) :214-215.

[2] Shi Ya-Hong, Feng Hua, Tan Yuwei. Taylor County, Management and Development Patterns in sandy areas [J]. Water and economy, 2005,11 (10): 610.

[3] SIMA Zhao so, Yue Caitian. Yellow River Comprehensive Management Technology settling area [J]. Shandong Forestry Science and Technology, 2005 (3) :27-28.

[4] Yin Ping. Shandan County Status desertification problems and countermeasures [J]. Scientific & Technical, 2005,34 (1): 58,51. Reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138 . com