Measures soil erosion and maintain status quo

Abstract The status of soil erosion to explain the dangers of soil erosion and to analyze its causes, from the legal and planning, mountain roads and coal production, construction, afforestation and water conservancy construction and other aspects of soil and water conservation strategies in order for the Soil and Water Conservation reference.

Keywords: soil erosion; the status quo; hazards; causes; soil and water conservation; Strategy

Water is the source of life is the survival of the soil, water and soil are human survival and development of the basic conditions, the basis is irreplaceable resources. A lot of sediment discharged soil erosion, siltation of rivers and lakes, adding to the occurrence of disasters greatly damaged the ecological environment, to bring about an irreversible loss of land and water resources. soil erosion has become a major environmental problem. are on the Status of Soil Erosion and soil conservation measures for a study.

1, the status of soil erosion
China is one of the most serious soil erosion, because of the special natural and geographical and socio-Economic conditions in which soil erosion a major environmental problem. China's soil erosion and wide distribution, large area [1-3], based on published 2nd National Remote Sensing survey, China's soil erosion area of 3.56 million km ^2, accounting for 37% of the total land area, including water erosion area of 1.65 million km ^2, wind erosion area of 1.91 million km ^2. in the water and wind erosion area, the water erosion, wind erosion interlaced area of 260,000 km ^2, erosion of various forms, types of complex, water erosion, wind erosion, such as freeze-thaw erosion and landslide and debris flow characteristics of different gravitational erosion, intertwined, the causes complex. serious soil erosion, According to statistics, China's total annual soil loss of up to 50 billion t. Yangtze River basin total annual soil loss of 2.4 billion t, of which the total soil erosion in the upstream region of 1.56 billion t, of the Yellow River, Loess Plateau into the Yellow River each year sediment up to 1.6 billion t.

Soil erosion hazard 2
Serious soil erosion to China's social Economic development and people's living and production in various aspects of the harm [4].

2.1 The reduction of arable land, land degradation is a serious
Thinning of the soil erosion, land-based petrochemical and gravel, loss of agricultural use value, reducing the cultivated area. The vegetation to reduce soil erosion, ground cover reduction, reduction of soil storing capacity of surface runoff, hillslope soil water retention after the loss of small, Once the decline in agricultural production in drought is even crops, drinking water is also difficult. past 50 years, China's arable land destroyed due to erosion of more than 2.67 million hm ^2, hm ² on average more than 5 million per year, due to degradation of soil erosion , sandy, alkaline grassland of about 100 million km ^2, accounting for 50% of the total area of grassland. into the 20th century, 90 years, annual expansion of desertified land ² 460 km 2.

2.2 siltation exacerbated flooding, affecting the efficient use of water resources, exacerbated by the development of drought
Discharged due to extensive sediment deposition rivers and lakes, reducing water regulation and storage facilities, functions and discharge capacity of natural rivers, exacerbating flooding downstream, great quantities of silt each year to raise the riverbed of the Yellow River around 9 cm, forming a veritable "perched river", increasing the difficulty of flood control. Every year the whole Yangtze River basin flooding occurring causes of soil erosion in the upstream area is one of serious environmental degradation has accelerated the process of collection of surface runoff. more than 50% of the Yellow River Basin resource consumption in soil erosion and water evaporation is not valid. to alleviate the capacity loss caused by sedimentation, part of the Yellow River Reservoir had to use way of storing clear muddy run, so a lot of valuable water resources with the sediment discharged, the Yellow River each year required about 200 billion m3 water will Sharu Hai, to reduce the river bed.

3 causes of soil erosion
Soil erosion caused by many reasons, but summed up in nothing less than the natural factors and human factors aspects 2. Natural factors is the potential for soil erosion is the erosion of the objective conditions, and soil erosion caused by human factors is the dominant factor are the root causes of soil erosion. mainly as follows: First, the original ground slope wasteland destroyed vegetation and landforms resulting from soil erosion; the second is unreasonable soil erosion resulting from deforestation; third, mining, road construction, quarrying, etc. not properly handle the resulting soil erosion.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 4 Soil and Water Conservation Measures
Strengthen the management of soil and water conservation, to promote soil and water conservation law, and implement good, the soil and water conservation into the legal system is very urgent and very important task. This is the common needs of all sectors of society, but also the needs of national Economic and social development .

4.1 Soil and Water Conservation to establish a sound legal system, the development of science and water conservation planning
Improve the inspection of law enforcement to further strengthen the oversight responsibilities of supervisory authority at all levels, strengthen leadership, improve methods, strengthen supervision, Tigao supervision effect, which is to ensure correct implementation of soil and water conservation regulations effective way. Water administrative departments at all levels every year to come up with some funding for water regulations of publicity, with radio, radio and other media publicity campaign to create some momentum among the masses and public opinion atmosphere for the masses to understand the basis of soil and water conservation regulations, according to the law and failure the fight against the water conservation facilities, according to the law and fight against floods. erosion is due to imbalance of ecological system, ecological deterioration caused by erosion control from the fundamental first comprehensive improvement of ecological environment, so that virtuous circle of ecosystem restoration and to conduct comprehensive improvement of ecological environment, we must be guided with a scientific plan. to implement a small watershed landscapes, fields, forest, road unified planning, the integrated use of engineering, biological and agricultural Technology to effectively control soil erosion three measures .

4.2 The enhancement of Highway Construction and coal production and construction of ecological protection and soil conservation
The large number of mountain highway earthwork, excavation wide range likely to cause damage to vegetation and soil erosion, impact on the environment than the plain areas. Good mountain road and ecological protection and soil conservation can be protected the ecological environment, reduce the occurrence of geological hazards, but also to protect the highway facilities. mountain highway construction must fully implement the safety, environmental protection, comfortable and harmonious construction philosophy, according to Prevention (continued on 314)
(Continued from p. 312)
First, to protect priority, combining prevention, comprehensive treatment of the principle of maximum reduction
Low landslides and debris flows. In the course of coal production to take measures to protect water and soil resources, soil and water conservation facilities construction projects with the main project should be designed, constructed and put into use. Construction project completion and acceptance should be checked and accepted soil and water conservation facilities, construction of the project design budget funding for erosion control should have caused soil erosion, and should be according to the Organization for treatment. in accordance with the "who damage the land and water resources, who is responsible for soil erosion" principle, development plans and programs, to take active measures to control, making new construction, renovation and expansion must be prepared in the feasibility study stage and soil conservation program.

4.3 to strengthen the work of afforestation and natural forest protection, strengthen water conservancy facilities, river management and construction of slope
Forests are the main protector of the environment and the regulator, but the phenomenon of deforestation still occur, it is necessary to strengthen measures to protect the natural forests. Use of the annual Arbor Day on March 12 to mobilize the cadres and the masses to actively participate in voluntary tree planting activity, increase the forest cover. while actively promote Contractor barren hills, the development of Economic trees, both effective in preventing soil erosion, and also enhance the income of farmers. in the implementation of the process of returning farmland to forest, around the implementation of the different standards, plus Grain subsidies on the Government to give low, can not guarantee the quality of work returning farmland to forests. Therefore, the Government should address the specific circumstances around to raise the allowances returning farmland to forests, returning farmland to forests are implemented to achieve the control effect. In addition, some local river beach land to plant crops cultivated sloping disorder not only affects the flood, and increased soil erosion, and therefore strict management; water conservancy facilities, where aging is difficult to increase food production, thus increasing water conservancy facilities, not only can effectively reduce soil erosion, reduce floods, but also promote agricultural harvest yield.

5 References
[1] of the party-dimensional ground. Economic development and accelerate the transformation of the new requirements of the Soil and Water Conservation [J]. China Water Resources, 2010 (10) :25-27.

[2] Bin, Fan Taiyue, Qing Tai Ming, et al. Sichuan Soil Conservation Practice and Research [J]. Soil and Water Conservation, 2009 (7) :3-5.

[3] Liu City macros. Soil and Water Conservation of the social development [J]. Shanxi Soil and Water Conservation Technology, 2009 (2) :3-5.

[4] Lai Koon Road. Long County Soil and Water Conservation harmonious law enforcement a new chapter [J]. Soil and Water Conservation, 2007 (7): 31,41.

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