Thunderstorms record and compilation techniques

Abstract Comparative analysis of past and present record of thunderstorms, reported skills and actual work, the record of thunderstorms, reported methods of summary that accurately record the true, reported the basis of meteorological data.

Keywords thunderstorm; records; compilation; skills
Record of thunderstorms, reported that the difficulties in meteorological observation, one reason is that regulations difficult to understand [1]. From the business problems often can be seen, observed in most of the technical errors related with the thunderstorms. So , response and thunderstorms outstanding technical issues related to induction, analysis, records of that thunderstorm, reported basis.

A compilation of past weather tips
Weather stations over the land code < > Thunderstorms and precipitation on the compilation of the special provisions, the text difficult to understand, "<code technologies to compile>> this use of text, lists, etc., and symbols to explain that not easy to remember and use. Actually used the provision as written language statements: if we choose to apply for 91-99 weather phenomena, the weather phenomenon over the last compilation of W1 and W2 steps: First remove all within the last 1 h of precipitation; longer a priority in the remaining time period 7,6 Selected non thunderstorms, 5 and 4,3 within the last 6 h for the W1 and (or) W2; if not indispensable, after according the first large order of small 1 h of 9,8-election in the past, as during thunderstorms 7,6,5 W1 and (or) W2. that choose to apply for Step 3, Step 2 can remember after the "76543,98765."
2 compilation of current techniques of weather phenomena
Weather phenomena now choose to apply for 17 or 29, choose to apply the same basic W1 and W2 the compilation of the general provisions of the weather, but to give priority to the point that if the thunderstorm period (or) after the cessation of precipitation and thunderstorms, you must choose to apply them the largest drop code is W1 or water W2.

2.1 Thunderstorms and compilation of records bearing
Of the thunderstorm system as a whole to make the right identification, accurate records of thunderstorm is the most important prerequisite orientation. Understanding of weather situation and the relationship between thunderstorms path to guide observation and reduce errors.

2.1.1 Thunderstorms. The system is self-contained organization. Thunderstorm system can be defined as "a number of interrelated by the convective single structure composed of independent small-scale fluid" [2-3]. On the ground meteorological observations, the isolated thunderstorm cell, squall line, multi-group single thunderstorm, more single storm clouds thunderstorms are all self-contained system. integrity is the most basic features of the system. Therefore, between different systems clear boundaries. practical work in different directions as the signs of thunderstorms, clouds Cb corresponding to the non-continuous distribution, is the fundamental basis for distinguishing the different systems.

2.1.2 the weather situation and the relationship between the system path. Cold front thunderstorms are thunderstorms in Shandong Province, one of the major, the highest frequency of occurrence, the path is generally northwest �� Southeast; in the north, east, northeast cold vortex formed with the horizontal slot severe thunderstorm its path, mostly thunderstorms northwest East �� South; JAC cyclone system of thunderstorms Lunan region, the path to the southwest more �� Northeast. different in different regions due to geographical environment, the path can not be generalized thunderstorms. In addition, the reference radar, satellite images and other unconventional materials to determine the passing of thunderstorms increase record accuracy is an important way [4].

2.1.3 compilation problem orientation thunderstorms. In some of the flight risk was reported as sent telegram of stations in basically the same position thunderstorms thunderstorm system, namely the orientation of the system in the Wen Lei Da orientation, Db for the X. In fact, observation is only recorded in thin thunderstorms, the only direction (or add the middle position in mind), that is, passing thunderstorm (path). flight risk thunderstorms reported in the press position is observed when the mine location (Dissemination Standard: station Wen Lei is the transmitter position where the position). a multi-system may be heard thunder, then Db compilation of 9, while the thin air can only record its passing through one location or position does not mind. Thus, the two are not equivalent, T in the thin air one position may not have (Zenith "Z" excluded), and the position recorded in thin air is not necessarily fully reflected in the telegram. For the thunderstorm situation, by definition should account for at least 4 position, so W 2 = 3 corresponding to Db should be 9. Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2.2 Other relevant issues
2.2.1 the compilation of code 95,97. Thunderstorms size is the size of its energy released to distinguish between, big thunderstorms 97 In addition to thunder, lightning frequency, but also must have two conditions: accompanied by strong winds, accompanied by heavy rain (trace spiking upward.) simple to loud thunder or rain compilation of 97, regardless of size or thunderstorms are fixed according to compilation of 95 are not appropriate, should be based on actual occurrences at that time to preparation and reporting of code 97,95 [5].

2.2.2 hail weight measurements. Measuring the maximum average weight of the hail Although very simple, but still often appear the phenomenon of such records of missing data. One reason for surveyors tension, the second is the lack of practical experience [6]. In fact, as long as pick several of the largest or larger hail into any watertight container (not necessarily measuring cup), wait for the other end of the work, then try to measure out (or calculate) the size, can be divided by the number of ice .

2.2.3Cb cloud accompanying cloud system. And Cb clouds with no fixed pattern of lines, with different weather situation and other conditions of a certain difference. Observer staff experienced years of work experience should be based on an objective record of cloud-like, true reflect changes in the weather to ensure the accuracy of weather data, representativeness and comparability.

3 References
[1] Wu Lexus. For thunderstorms records, compilation techniques and points of [J]. Shandong Meteorology, 1996 (4) :35-36.

[2] was the first kernel. Dangerous weather briefing, the sky goes under special circumstances when an unknown group of compilation methods [J]. Jiangxi Meteorological Science and Technology, 1997 (3): 38.

[3] Xiao-Juan Zhang, Wang Hongxing, Peng Kee Yong, et al. On the surface wind observations reported record deal with braided hair [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010 (1): 280.

[4] Huan Xu, Liu spring, Liu Hongying, et al. Town weather compilation of transmitter system construction [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010 (4) :315-316.

[5] Luo Ouyang. The use of modern observational data to determine and record the squall weather phenomena [J]. Zhejiang Meteorology, 2008,29 (3) :28-30.

[6] Zhang Xinhui, Huangjie Ping, Ouyang rainbow. Two important points how to improve the monitoring of weather records and transmitters quality [J]. Guangdong Meteorology, 2009,31 (3): 61. Reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http:/ / www.hi138.com