Wetland landscape types of Urban and Building Measures

Abstract Based on the domestic and international urban wetland landscape types and construction methods of analysis, combined, Changsha urban wetland characteristics, proposed Changsha urban wetland landscape is divided into urban wetland park, constructed wetland landscape systems and peasant Music wetland 3 types; and Changsha urban wetland landscape analysis of the problems presented in the future construction of Urban wetland response.

Keywords: urban wetland; landscape; problems; building measures; Changsha

Since ancient times, river basins, estuaries, shores and coastal cities are addressing the preferred location. The long history of the evolution of urban Development also shows that the city's most important wetland site conditions, relying on rivers, lakes and wetlands is a general rule a city, the famous The world's four major ancient civilizations were originated in the rivers.

Urban wetlands as a wetland is an important part, rich in scarce natural resources, urban green space is an important component of the ecosystem, their ecological, social and economic benefits are huge. However, because of wetland functions and value of lack of awareness , wetlands often become the process of urban construction and expansion of the first to be occupied, the landfill and transform objects. studies have shown that wetlands are disappearing with the process of urbanization one of the fastest growing component [1-2].

Construction of urban wetland park to solve the urban wetland in the wetland protection and utilization of the process of the conflict, to explore a Development to meet the basic needs of human survival and to achieve harmonious coexistence between man and nature the way. Through the construction of urban wetland landscape, the maximum preserve wetlands, for the biological provide more living space, play wetlands diarrhea flood flood control, water purification, add water, landscaping and ecological Tourism integrated ecological service functions, which is building an ecological civilization, the city has a very important strategic and practical significance [3].


An overview of domestic and foreign Research

1.1 The ecological education, leisure and Tourism as the theme of urban wetland park
Wetland Park based on the characteristics of such wetlands education, training and travel, mainly in conditional new urban ecologically sensitive areas, wetlands, ecosystem restoration and reconstruction more difficult. Their investment channels, management and diverse. Park construction lead to a substantial appreciation of the real estate surrounding wetlands. If London Wetland Centre, China's Hong Kong's Mai Po wetlands and Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park.

1.2 wetland sewage treatment as the main objective of the Development of wetland
Such wetlands are characterized by new wetlands project, the park building a smaller scale, to business investment mainly to sewage treatment, water purification, as the park construction of the main objectives, combined with wetland plants landscape design to wetland education, Tourism and biodiversity protection and other functions together, a highly public participation in community activities in place [4]. If the United States mine through wetlands Garden (Renton, Washington) and Colombia (Columbia) wetland wastewater treatment projects.


2 landscape types of Urban Wetland

2.1 Wetland Park
Located in urban areas, wetland science, art-based, natural wetlands or constructed wetlands as the carrier, the use of wetland ecology in wetland restoration, simulation of natural wetland ecosystem structure, characteristic, function, landscape, ecological process planning design, construction and management of scientific and cultural value of place, through education, training and travel and Tourism to showcase the wetland ecosystem and wetland biodiversity, the variety of wetland landscape, rich wetland wildlife types, characteristics of wetlands recreation, wetlands goods, wetlands, cultural customs, composed of wetlands of special architectural style of the subject area, the public and environmental protection education and youth in healthy leisure resort [5-6].

2.2 The landscape of artificial wetland treatment system
Wetland is artificial construction and supervision and control, full use of wetlands purify sewage treatment capacity characteristics, the use of eco-system of physical, chemical and biological triple synergy, through filtration, adsorption, precipitation, ion exchange, plant uptake and microbial decomposition to achieve efficient purification of sewage. constructed wetland is an artificial creation for the growth of aquatic or wetland plants, for a sewage treatment process. The treatment principle of the use of complex wetland ecosystem itself, the self-purification capacity to remove pollutants, eliminating the need for external energy sources (solar only), so is a low consumption and low power approach, difficult to produce secondary pollution.

2.3 Nongjiale wetlands
Music is a new farm Tourism and leisure in the form is to provide the city a modern return to nature to be relaxing, enjoyable way of the spirit of leisure travel. In general, farm owners to make use of local Music processing of agricultural products to meet customers the need for low cost, consumption is not high. and farmers are generally happy and beautiful natural surroundings or the rural scenery, you can ease the tight collapse of the modern mind, by the warm welcome of young people in many cities. now divided into farm farm Music garden-type, fruit ornamental type, area type and Garden Inn hostel type 4 types. Changsha City subtropical rainfall, in the near outer suburbs still retains a large number of artificial ponds, the rise in recent years, mainly fish farm Music Tong-based, set fishing, dining and entertainment tourism. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 3 wetland landscape pattern of Urban Problems

From 1998-2007 to 10 years, the Changsha urban wetland area decreased rapidly, from 5 734.28 hm2 reduced to 5 212.47 hm2; river as Changsha, the most important urban wetland's position even more prominent; urban wetland density even more uneven, the city center area of wetlands even more reduced. smallest wetland patch area and perimeter were significantly reduced. In addition, local wetlands has increased the degree of fragmentation [7]. First, the Changsha urban wetland surrounded by the city's built environment and erosion, decreasing the formation of the area , uneven distribution of island-style characteristics of habitat patches. Second, the Changsha urban wetland habitat fragmentation within the more serious, ecological balance and circulation interference by external factors, leading to the original value of the natural attributes and the landscape gradually along disappear. Third, the connection between the various patches of low, forming island-style community. from the hydrological point of view, little water runoff and the rest is related to more severe pollution. From an ecological point of view , surrounded by built environment, the city population in the wetland ecology, and other species on the lack of contact gradually led to proliferation of rare species.


4 Construction of Changsha urban wetland landscape ideas and principles guiding

4.1 The guiding principle
To create a national "ecological civilization city" as the background to coordinate wetland ecosystems and other "Big Five System" (urban ecosystems, forest ecosystems, agricultural ecosystems, watershed ecosystems and the ecological and cultural systems) to coordinate the Development of the premise, in the can sustainable Development theory and wetland systems ecology, landscape ecology and landscape aesthetics under the guidance of the principle, based on natural and socio-economic conditions of Changsha and characteristics, adhere to the "ecological priority, according to local conditions, should view the scene, scientific planning, category management, and sustainable use "principle.

4.2 Construction Policy
In construction, should adhere to the "government guidance, social participation and market operation" development Strategy and policy of the Park Quanshehuiban, government funds for wetland conservation projects and infrastructure construction, should fully reflect the public interest; profit The project is mainly financed by the community, thus accelerating the development and construction sites, mining content to enhance the taste, the formation of resource-based, project-based, investment as a means to diversify the tourism development model for the target. Changsha urban wetland landscape The establishment will cherish the natural endowments of wetland resources, to protect the wetland landscape based, mining wetlands Culture for the foundation to promote eco-tourism features, highlighting the city character, deepening urban cultural memory, making Changsha image flagship business, economic and social development in Changsha has laid a more solid foundation.


5 Construction of Urban Wetland Landscape Strategy

5.1 The development of wetland resources and priorities to ensure the sustainable development of ecological
Respect for nature and ecology and nature conservation priority is the basic idea of eco-ethics, but also the ideological framework of landscape ecology theory foundation. In landscape construction, and other functions (economic, historical, cultural, aesthetic) than wetland function must first receive attention and consideration, and from a strategic planning urban development for the survival of the ecological infrastructure. on the basis of unified planning, the use of technical, economic, administrative and other means to make wetland management, to both meet the wetland tourism Tourism and healthy living needs, not beyond the threshold of ecological functions of wetlands purpose. In the context of a new era, the construction of new city should follow the laws of ecology, the development should adhere to the principle of protection, so as to effectively protect the ecological environment and realize sustainable development of wetland resources.

5.2 Inheritance of Wetland Resources Development to Culture, to show local flavor
Hunan Culture formed in the Song Dynasty Neo. Is a kind of Neo Confucianism as the core, integrated form of Buddhism and Taoism Culture, it is more comprehensive than the previous attitude of the new Confucianism in Hunan reproduction, development, and eventually lead to Culture and the Rise of Hunan. Huxiang School is an important school of jurisprudence, which local folk culture and Hunan combination of people's living habits of Hunan and aesthetic tendency to produce a profound effect, this effect is also reflected in literature, painting, architecture, garden art and so on. in the construction of the wetland landscape elements should reflect the culture of Hunan, Changsha, this can inspire a strong sense of identity and belonging to the public. In the allocation of wetland plants should be the choice of native species as much as possible doing so not only to ensure the adaptability of plant growth on the environment, but also to avoid the introduction of alien species as blind in Changsha wetland biological diversity and ecological harm.


6 References
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[4] Luo Linchuan. Urban Wetland Park Construction [D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2009.

[5] Luo Linchuan, pipe Yongjian. Wetland Park and the Construction Model [J]. Science Monthly, 2005 (4) :38-40.

[6] Luo Linchuan, director of the country is. Nanjing Qinhuai River Wetland Ecological economic analysis of the potential [J]. Nanjing Forestry University: Natural Science, 2006,30 (1) :84-88.

[7] Jing Lei, Hu said Lee, Raymond Young. Based on "3S" Technology, Changsha urban wetland landscape pattern changes of [J]. Sichuan Forestry Exploration and Design, 2008 (1) :74-76 Links to free papers Download Center http://www.hi138.com