Scientific application of potassium

Summary of the economic benefits from improving the application of potash starting both reduce the environmental pollution of soil, put forward the scientific and efficient method of applying fertilizer to promote the sustainable development of agriculture.

Keywords ash; kiln dust to the K; chemical fertilizers; environmental pollution

Crop growth and development of potassium as a large number of necessary nutrients, which is much larger than the amount of phosphorus, potassium requirements of individual crops, even more than the nitrogen [1]. In recent years, with the cropping and increasing yield per unit area, as well as nitrogen, increase the amount of phosphorus fertilizer inputs, soil K supply gap is growing. coupled with potash mine mainly in Western Europe, Central Europe and North America (the Soviet Union, Canada), chemical fertilizers, the prices have been high, the face of the agricultural production in potash supply and demand, cost-effective application of potash fertilizer to improve agricultural production and economic efficiency has become an effective way.

Ash in our countryside is a ubiquitous potash resources, the alkaline mixture of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer can not be applied, we can not add to human waste and other organic fertilizer (N volatilization loss will cause), so often as litter on the streets for the waste pile and potassium leaching by rain, resulting in tremendous waste. In fact, the plant ash in the neutral, calcareous soil can be applied, particularly suitable for acid soil (soil pH value of both the role of regulation) . fertilizing when planting potato tuber plant ash or the ash is mixed with chopped after the application of a cost-effective way to plant ash, and the effect of both insect sterilization. ash can also be used for basal, top dressing [2-3], the most appropriate for rice, vegetables, cover seedbed types of fertilizer. for basal fertilizer or fertilizing shall be applied before the application or mix a small amount of wet soil and then sprinkle with a little water wet, to avoid flying lost, application rate was 750 ~ 1 500 kg/hm2. for cover types of fertilizer (for rice seedbed cover particular types of fat), according to a certain percentage of added furfural residue, or adjust the pH value of the SSP, which can improve seedling nutrition, but also make seedbed soil warming, promoting seedling early-onset to prevent the rice Lan Yang. In addition, the ash can also be used as a root external fertilization, plants sprayed with 1% ash leaves, not only the supply of crop nutrients, as well as the role of prevention and control aphids.

Chemical fertilizer in China is currently the major supplier of varieties of potassium chloride (containing K2O 60% or so) and potassium (with K2O 50% ~ 52%) 2 species. In addition, a small amount of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium nitrate. Chloride K white, yellow or purple crystal, easily soluble in water, fertilizer quickly, hygroscopicity, caking after storage for a long time, is chemically neutral, physiological acidic fertilizer. potassium white or light yellow crystal, easily soluble in water, moisture absorption, long storage is not easy caking, is also chemically neutral, physiological acid fertilizer, soil acidification will make long-term application (but the rate of soil acidification than potassium chloride to slow). because the ratio of potassium sulfate the high cost of potassium chloride, so according to the different types of soil and crop selection chemical fertilizers can also improve economic efficiency. in calcareous soil, due to the presence of a large number of calcium carbonate, potassium chloride caused by the applied acid can be in and, without cause soil acidification, and can release an effective Ca2 +, is conducive to plant uptake. Xinmin area mostly neutral, calcareous soil, it is generally except watermelon, potatoes and other crops, but can be applied potassium chloride. and saline soil easy application of potassium chloride, poor drainage, reducing rice should be strong with potassium chloride, potassium hydrogen sulfide poisoning in order to avoid using root (black root). and potatoes, melons and fruits applied potassium sulfate, can increase production but also to improve quality. potassium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate due to the presence of high water-soluble, it also contains a high soluble nitrogen and phosphorus, are generally classified as a compound area. [4] for the high concentration of potassium nitrate nitrogen and potassium fertilizer , containing N 13.5%, K2O 45% ~ 46%, white crystal, easily soluble in water, low moisture absorption, ions can be absorbed by crops, is a component of fertilizer without vice, especially for potato , tomato, watermelon, fruit trees and other crops avoid potassium chloride hi. potassium nitrate and foliage top dressing suitable for soaking, soaking concentration of 0.2%, which is conducive to speed up the sprouting seed can promote root and seedling growth. for appropriate concentration of foliage top dressing 0.6% ~ 1.0%, to the rapid elimination of potassium deficiency symptoms of crops and enhance crop resistance to diseases, improve product quality. but because of its strong oxidation, is a flammable, explosive materials, is strictly controlled by the public security departments of goods, agricultural very little information on the distribution market. for white crystal of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, containing P2O5 52%, and K2O 34.5%, soluble in water, acidity, pH value of 3 to 4. potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer high, suitable for in various soil and crop fertilizer, the most suitable for foliage top dressing and seed soaking, soaking suitable concentration of 0.2%, foliage top dressing suitable concentration of 0.1% ~ 0.3%, generally in the jointing to heading cereal crops, soybeans full bloom to the end pod of spraying, but because of expensive, use of the area is very small. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com potash kiln dust is a byproduct of the cement industry, with K2O 8% ~ 12%, high by up to 20% or more (greater than fertilizer), aqueous solution pH 9 ~ 11. which is more than 90% potassium sulfate, potassium chloride form, 1% to 5% of the K potassium silicate of potassium and aluminum forms exist, may be for crop uptake. tests showed that as long as the application of potash properly kiln dust, the same amount of potassium fertilizer and similar. to promote application of potash kiln dust can not only ease the contradiction between supply and demand of potash fertilizer, and also conducive to air purification, prevention of environmental pollution. and similar ash, kiln dust can be used for basal and top dressing fertilizer, but not for the kinds of fat. application of a good idea to mix it with wet soil to prevent dust emissions. for basal fertilizer applied in acid soil, crops can not only supply nutrients but also neutralize soil acidity. kiln dust in the silicon, better fertilizer applied to rice, rice seedling fertilizer, can do a good job in the seedling after the facilities under the rough. with rake Chao make fertilizer mixed with mud, and then planting. impose on Honda, generally used as base fertilizer, kiln dust upland crops used for basal fertilizer, in the land before the applicator, may also fertilizing and of Summer, but must be mixed wet or furfural residue uniform, to prevent seeds or seedling roots with direct contact, influence seed germination or seedling growth. Fertilizer is generally 600 ~ 900 kg/hm2, and should be properly applied early. In addition, kiln dust and ammonium nitrogen fertilizer is not water soluble fertilizer or decomposition of organic fertilizer mixed application, otherwise it will cause nutrient degradation or loss.

As potassium chloride and potassium are chemically neutral, physiological acid fertilizer, long-term application would increase the concentration of H + in soil solution, pH value decreased. Low pH, can induce the activity of aluminum in the soil, on plants toxic effect.

The past 20 years, with the rapid development of China's construction industry has greatly led to the rise of the cement industry, the size of cement throughout the country, by-products of kiln dust pollution has been greatly on the environment, and vigorously promote kiln dust, and on this basis K development of new varieties of fertilizer, farmers can not only reduce the cost of fertilizer inputs, but also reduce environmental pollution.

In addition, soil testing and fertilizer, depending on the level of soil potassium and soil types of scientific change in the amount of potassium fertilizer input costs also reduce an important way. Soil potassium content is higher than 150 mg / kg, the increase of Potassium Fertilizer effect is not obvious, less than 80 mg / kg increase yield when K fertilizer is very obvious. the same amount of potassium in sandy soil than clay soil with good effects and more. different crops need different amounts of potassium, K fertilizer results varied. oilseeds, potatoes, sugar crops, leguminous crops, fruit trees need more potassium. the same crop varieties are not the same need potassium for rice, the short stalk of potassium-sensitive high-yielding varieties, hybrid rice than potassium sensitive to conventional rice.

In short, when farmers in the application of potash fertilizer sources to open up local conditions, scientific formula, reducing input costs of agricultural production to enhance economic efficiency.

References
[1] Miao its master. Guizhou Province, potash and fertilizer technology multi-point test brevity [J]. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 1986 (4) :6-10.

[2] Zhu Xueqian. Crops, potash fertilizer [J]. Jilin Agriculture, 2010 (2): 62.

[3] Chen Ye, even the guests. K cycle and its agricultural use [J]. Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2009 (25) :12087 -12,090.

[4] Chen Yaheng, Liu Huiling, Cuijiang Hui, et al. Different potassium content of soil potassium dynamics [J]. Henan Agricultural Sciences, 2009 (8) :75-77.

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