Cultivation of rice machine inserted Xinyi and Countermeasures

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Abstract Xinyi City in recent years by interpolation of rice cultivation machine model results, problems and technical modes of analysis, pointing out the future development of rice Jicha Yang Xinyi countermeasures, that the development of Jiangsu Province Huaibei area cultivated rice machine inserted for reference.

Keywords: Rice; Jicha Yang; problems; countermeasures; Jiangsu Xinyi

Xinyi Yanmar introduced in 2003, walking hand-type rice transplanter, respectively, in co-Zhen Caoqiao, Port Town, Malingshan, Xin and other major rice producing town of accommodating insertion site selection experiment, the initial test to obtain success. On this basis, in 2004 Xinyi further expansion of rice planting machine plug test, demonstration scale. Since then, rice machine plug area increases every year, 2005 2 333 hm2, 2006 �� 2 800 hm2, 2007 �� 4 000 hm2 2008 4 667 hm2, 2009 �� 5 333 hm2. expected in 2010 will further increase local interpolation area.

A machine demonstration and extension of cultivation conditions inserted
1.1 Mechanical transplanting a steady increase production and efficiency
Machine started out in 2003 inserted the experimental demonstration, production 7 650 kg/hm2. After a steady increase production and benefit to the 2009 rice machine interpolation Xinyi relatively mature. By measuring production and chattels of the field survey, 2009 the city machine transplanted rice 5 333 hm2, the average yield 7 890 kg/hm2, than conventional hand into field average yield 8 445 kg/hm2, cut 555 kg/hm2, reduction 1 110 yuan / hm2. and agricultural Ben 7 995 yuan / hm2, agricultural fields than conventional hand into the 9 045 yuan / hm2 savings of 1 050 yuan / hm2. Therefore, and hand-planted rice than transplanted rice machine offset reduction and savings in general, very effective.

1.2 transplanting machinery increasing the size and grade
Since 2003, the first experimental demonstration Jicha Yang began to take the style from the hand-style, from low speed to high speed, and improve quality; the same time the number is increasing year by year transplanter for large area Jicha Yang provides a strong support.

1.3 Machine operation skills gradually mature hand
In recent years, the practice of exercise training in Jicha Yang a number of high-quality team of local hands, and some machines are still the province's hand inserted Competition award-winning machine.

1.4 conversion machine constantly upgrade service model interpolation
2003,2004 Xinyi Ji Chayang services in the main by the city, the main town of level 2 administrative intervention, and promote local demonstration and popularization of new Technology insertion .2005, after the success of the model based on, came into the for-profit large plug the machine, and later developed into a machine inserted cooperatives, large-scale contract operations, seedling machine plug train service, the implementation of large-scale, intensive operations. This will not only ensure the quality of seedlings and the machine plug, but also reduce costs and achieve co-operative and farmers win.

2 problems
2.1 seedlings and technical aspects of dual-labor-intensive, resulting in farmers daunting
Mechanical transplanting rice seedlings to go through the seedling fertilization, nourishment soil preparation, seedling seedling trays and plastic sheeting and other materials, such as program acquisition, seedling operation trouble locking, high technical requirements. The slightest mistake will go wrong, leading to the seedling link failure. For example, not enough will cause weak seedling nutrition soil fertility, and nutritional soil without composting may cause fertilizer burn Miao.

2.2 household land area is small and scattered, is not conducive to machine insert
Planting area of rice per household is small and scattered plots, is not conducive to machine insert operation. Plots scattered scattered on the one hand inserted inefficient machines, machines do not want to plug big dry, barely planting, because once around the block can not complete the operation leading fertilizer and water management problems. especially in some local interpolation, and some artificial planting, and even some live, this flower arrangement is not conducive to field more fertilizer and water management machine transplanted rice.

2.3 The basic conditions for field vary widely, to the great difficulty of mechanical transplanting
Some of rugged land, irrigation and drainage facilities are not complete, not suitable for promotion Jicha Yang, regardless of objective reality and if forced will result in failure to promote, not only can not achieve the demonstration effect, but will have a negative impact.

2.4 Interpolation of rice varieties suitable for small machines
Huaibei region in early rice varieties machine insert requirements. Xinyi machine plug has been able to develop a certain area, it is important that selecting the right the town 99-9424 rice varieties. Although the town is more appropriate varieties of rice 99-9424 the plug with a kind of machine , and inserted by the machine used for many years, the variety has been degraded performance, but there is no ideal alternative varieties.

Agricultural and agronomic 2.5 out of touch, brings to the promotion of passive mechanical transplanting
From the present situation of Xinyi City, do not understand agricultural machinery machine inserted cultivation, cultivation is often inserted to engage machines are not familiar with agricultural machinery. Two out of line will inevitably affect the implementation of technical guidance and the effect of limiting Jicha Yang's large area.

2.6 is not enough to grasp core Technology
2.6.1 Nutrient soil fertility is not reached. First fertility deficiencies. Nutritive soil fertility deficiencies directly affect seedling growth, many large machine inserted anywhere in the seedlings dug screening at any time by the bedside, there is no fertilization. Still have some machines plug large nutritive soil seedbed in the soil should not be done, whatever the temporary borrow from elsewhere screening use, but not fertility. Second, improper fertilization. Some big nutritive soil fertility unit inserted too late, with a fat volume is too large, and No full maturity, resulting in seedling fertilizer damage, can not packing, insert a direct result of machine failure.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2.6.2 planting too high. Some big farmers or machine inserted in order to ensure the implementation of plug seedlings Qimiao species even when arbitrarily increase the planting, resulting in seedling density , weak seedlings, small seedlings, seedling Simiao appear yellow, machine Huanmiao inserted after the extension of field, the survival rate is low.

2.6.3 seedling age period is too long. Seedling age of change in shape as long rice seedlings, nutrition out of line, affecting the quality of local interpolation. Especially the big machine insertion machine transplanted rice over an area of contracting, mechanical limited manpower can not be inserted by time, the seedlings seedling age of La long. and long seedling age of seedlings, due to nutrient deficiency, seeding machine plugged directly affects the quality decline in the effectiveness and productivity.

2.6.4 Operation is not standardized. From the seedbed selection, nutrition soil fertility, sowing seed treatment to drop a series of operational links valley, the prevalence of the phenomenon of manual not up to standard, to cultivate strong seedling age has brought many negative.

2.6.5 Field site preparation quality standards, pragmatic is not enough. Specific performance is uneven field, a larger gap between high and low terraces, dry harrow rake is not water, stubble is not complete, Shen is not so.

2.6.6 Field Huanmiao machine inserted a long period. The general field of machine-transplanted rice seedlings Huanmiao period of up to 10 days, longer than manual transplanting 4 ~ 5 d, and the machine Chamiao small, low survival rate is not conducive to machine insert of early rice.

2.6.7 Field planting hole insertion machines for less than. Theoretical calculations the number of machines up to 27 million plug hole hole / hm2, but the actual Seedlings Deficiency off the ridge, a few points only 240,000 ~ 255,000 points / hm2, insufficient number of points, basic seedling not affect the machine plugged into the panicle rice improvement.

2.6.8 Irrigation and Nitrogen inappropriate. Many farmers also used hand-planted with conventional fertilizer and water management methods traditional management machine transplanted rice, not the characteristics for the machine Chamiao do little flexibility to adjust, resulting in passive.

3 development of countermeasures machine transplanted rice
3.1 The development of machine transplanted rice to further explore a new management model
3.1.1 consolidate and improve the machine and the machine plug inserted large cooperatives contracting new model of train service. As household production, land area is small, highly technical machine plug seedlings, farmers find it difficult to master the Technology of the project operate more non-standard, The planting machinery concentrated in large and professional cooperatives. Therefore, the machine should not be inserted cultivation demonstration household operations. large or mechanical expertise and professional cooperatives, after recent years of practice, on the seedling Technology, precautions, methods of operation and other basic master, while another works on the transplanter clearer understanding of seedling Technology and beneficial combination of mechanical technique by cooperatives in subcontracting operations and to achieve education services for the integration of mechanical transplanting seedlings, and to ensure the effectiveness of local interpolation, speed up the machine interpolation model to expand cultivation. This model is almost 2 years formed the basis is not solid, all levels of government need to give the financial sector in particular areas such as capital and technology support. the only way to ensure the healthy development of this new model.

3.1.2 the implementation of land transfer, scale plant development. Limit household production machine plug extension, and change this situation lies in doing a good job of land transfer, big contract, to achieve large-scale cultivation, as Jicha Yang of the large area to create a favorable conditions. However, this process is affected by various factors making it difficult to achieve fundamental, which determines the Huaibei region Jicha Yang will face many challenges.

3.2 Strengthening local interpolation training and guidance core technology
To drive inserted successfully, technology is the key, and the core technical training and guidance to promote rice machine inserted into the most important practical means. Xinyi years of machine plug from the practical point of view, the core technology includes the following aspects.

3.2.1 choose the right varieties. Choosing the right variety is the basis for mechanical transplanting success factors, but also the development of machine transplanted rice in Huaibei region need to overcome one of the major bottlenecks.

3.2.2 nutritive soil fertility. Nutritive soil fertile garden soil should be used in autumn or spring after 2 or paddy soil fertility in dryland, 1 hm2 field needs nourishment soil 1.5 t/hm2, and strive to absorb fat, thin soil, full conversion of aging . stringent technical requirements of nutritional soil fertility, is the machine plugged in practice one of the links are more problems.

3.2.3 appropriate seeding rate. By the standard seeding field plate 375 ~ 420 / hm2 calculated field with the kind of volume 45 kg/hm2, each plate seeding 110 ~ 120 g, thin uniform broadcast sowing, reducing the number of seedlings per tray, seedling age increased flexibility.

3.2.4 improve the quality of field site preparation. Daejeon first dry dry whole rake, rake, Sheung Shui, and then test the water level. According to a good box plots height field, lay the ridge, to maintain shallow layer of pragmatic, pragmatic and based on soil 1 3 d, sandy loam 1 d, old-fashioned 2 ~ 3 d. It should be stressed that the field surface is too uneven, the gap is too large, was not suitable for irrigation and drainage facilities are incomplete and so resolutely promote Jicha Yang's plots do not Jicha Yang.

3.2.5 Irrigation and Nitrogen regulation. Shih good basic fertilizer, turning green of applied fertilizer, re-applied tillering, jointing proper booting of a good fertilizer applied, using pure N 270 ~ 300 kg/hm2, P2O5 120 kg/hm2, K2O 105 kg/hm2 as basal application. water slurry management, planting flowers of the water, diving intermittent irrigation to promote live trees, a thin layer of water and promote tillering, timely and appropriate air field, alternating wet and dry, keep the root leaf protection, live to a ripe old.

4 References
[1] Wang Shulin, Zhu Yuxiang. Subei Jicha Yang rice in cultivation techniques [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010 (3) :65-66.

[2] Xiao Yunhong. How to do the promotion of rice Jicha Yang Technology [J]. Agricultural development and equipment, 2010 (2) :23-24.

[3] He Chunjiang, Shi Lingyun, Jiang Honggang, et al. Jicha Yang mature japonica rice cultivation techniques of quantitative accuracy [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010 (1) :60-61.

[4] ZHANG Chuan-fu. Take Measures to promote rice Jicha Yang technique [J]. Jiangsu Agricultural Mechanization, 2010 (1) :28-29.

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