Conservation tillage techniques and promotional measures

Abstract: The mechanical subsoiling, straw and surface treatment, no-tillage sowing fertilizer, insect pest control, etc introduced conservation tillage techniques, and propose measures for its promotion, in order to promote wider use of the Technology.

Keywords: mechanization; conservation tillage Technology; promotion measures

Conservation tillage is the straw covering the surface, non-tillage sowing, deep plowing and integrated insect pest control as the main content of modern farming Technology system, with dust and soil erosion prevention and control of farmland, Xushuibaoshang, soil fertility, abridged by efficiency and so on [1-2]. from the world's present situation of agricultural development, farming, conservation tillage has become a contemporary historical trend of the world's agricultural development, have constituted the world's agricultural progress of the times.

1, conservation tillage Technology
1.1 mechanical subsoiling
Main role is to mechanical subsoiling subsoiling the soil, breaking the plow pan, increase the infiltration rate of precipitation is conducive to crop root development, in order to effectively improve the yield. Subsoiling subsoiling way or optional all-round local subsoiling, 25 ~ 50 cm depth . deep loosening of soil moisture conditions suitable for cultivation was 15% to 20%. has implemented conservation tillage on the block, deep song cycle machinery can be combined into the soil condition and determined the number of times, usually 2 to 3 years [ 3-4]. on the new implementation of conservation tillage plots, there may plow bottom compartment, should be a time of deep loose, breaking the plow pan. subsoiling in the fall general election should be conducted and to deal with surface soil moisture in time .

1.2 Treatment of straw and topsoil
Straw and surface treatment is to maintain a good ground cover, without excessive impact on the seeding operation. If the surface straw too much from the reactor, the surface is not normal, then the need for surface operations. Straw and the main methods of surface treatment of crushed straw, shallow rake, light spin and so on. These operations are selected based operations, to ensure the quality of planting under the premise of the project work better, work better the more shallow depth, a maximum of 10 cm.

1.3 The no-tillage sowing fertilizer
Should choose high yield, high quality, short growth period, the excellent resistance to local pests and diseases coated seeds, according to local agronomic requirements and land situation, the appropriate choice of no-tillage planter. If there is dry soil surface at planting time, you should take deep trenching, shallow covering of methods to ensure that the seeds in wet soil [5]. planting depth is usually 5 ~ 6 cm. kinds of fields as a nutrient measures, to maintain the separation distance of more than 5 cm. To reduce evaporation, to minimize open Ditch the groundbreaking volume.

1.4 insect pest control
Prevention of diseases and insect pests mainly rely on pesticide seed treatment, pest found in time after spraying pesticides. Conservation tillage than conventional tillage generally prone to weeds, it must always be observed, the occurrence of problems and timely treatment. Can be sprayed herbicides, mechanical and manual weeding and so on.

2 promotion measures
2.1 Optimization and improvement of conservation tillage
The development of conservation tillage for years at home and abroad, more successful formation of a variety of technical system. But all over the degree of mechanization, the scale of production, planting techniques and others have a greater difference, so be sure to follow the conservation tillage Technology in the production of mechanism under the premise of full consideration of local conditions, continue to optimize and improve the appropriate regional and local agronomic characteristics of the protective technology model [6].

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2.2 typical exemplary, from the point to the surface to promote
Agricultural demonstration zones, demonstration sites to promote the importance of conservation tillage technology carrier. To do scientific planning, organizing and reasonable, feasible technology system, the actual effect is obvious only help people to accept and apply.

Therefore, we should first select motivated farmers to establish demonstration sites, standard operating techniques. Early small-block, multi-technology system, experiment and demonstration, and timely summary of comparison, so that the people actually see the effects of conservation tillage, the conservation tillage technology into the implementation by the Government to promote the conscious action of farmers. in the demonstration area, the effectiveness of demonstration sites to obtain a large area and then rapidly expanded in the county.

2.3 good job training, and providing technical services
Through training for grassroots agricultural extension workers to master techniques of conservation tillage, and learn ways to promote technology, continue to help and educate farmers to improve technical understanding of the extent and the level of operating machinery. Technical guidance to staff to peasant households, to the fields on-site guidance and services, from technical, economic, culture, philosophy and other aspects of farmers multi-level, comprehensive training, advocacy machine hand and farmers on the premise of honesty and trustworthiness active cooperation, make full use of advanced technology. to play the expert role, regular lectures, the front line, to promote timely resolve technical problems encountered.

2.4 step up publicity efforts to create a good atmosphere for public opinion
Should pay attention to conservation tillage implementation effect of publicity, give full play to the newspaper, magazines, television, radio, Internet and other media, the advantages, combined with the propaganda state purchase of agricultural subsidies and other favorable policies to mobilize the broad masses of peasants to purchase agricultural machinery enthusiasm and application of conservation tillage technology enthusiasm. fully successful example of utilizing technology, the initiative to promote higher-level reporting, policy and funding to gain the support; positive publicity to the village leaders, village to village cadres, led outreach organizations; to agricultural training for large lectures, the main force to play the role of agricultural households, using their influence and appeal in the whole society to create a good atmosphere for public opinion.

2.5 improve the agricultural service system
Improve the agricultural service system is to promote conservation tillage material and technical foundation and an important support force. Should be formed in a short time for construction of key projects to agricultural machinery, conventional agricultural operations, agricultural machinery maintenance, agricultural science and technology, education and training, information media , organization of services as the main content to county-level agricultural sector as a leader, to rural agricultural service centers to assist, to large agricultural machinery and agricultural cooperatives as the main body, a clear division of functional social service system of agricultural technology.

2.6 for capital investment, maximum benefit
In terms of capital investment to establish a stable guarantee mechanism of input. Adhere to the state, collectives and individual farmers to work together multi-channel, multi-level, multi-faceted fund-raising, the formation of national guidance, local support, the collective support of more than one input mechanism. the use of funds, and to establish a special account earmarked strictly to do to make limited funds to play the greatest benefits.

3 Conclusion
The past 10 years, conservation tillage in China has developed rapidly and achieved significant economic, social and ecological benefits, but the country promote the use of arable land area is only 2.2% of the development task is still arduous. In Conservation Tillage Technology demonstration and extension of the process, there are many complex issues. China's national conditions, the need to go with Chinese characteristics, the path of development of conservation tillage, in exploring the process of development, we must always grasp the technology, equipment, machine hand, mechanisms of the 4 key aspect of a good grasp of these key factors, the real work to do and stronger, to be able to promote the rapid development of conservation tillage technology.

4 References
[1] Li Qingrong. On urea conversion process Research data [S]. Harbin: Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1978.

[2] Zheng Qingwei .2 BSF-12A deep fertilizing planter type wheat [J]. FOOD Machinery, 1998 (4): 28,31.

[3] Wang Shuhong, Zhao Xiang, Gu Changjun. Conservation tillage technology and efficiency of the section [J]. Agricultural use and maintenance, 2010 (2): 113.

[4] Geng Deren. Of conservation tillage techniques [J]. Agricultural Technology and Equipment, 2010 (2) :74-75.

[5] Dongjin Wu. Wheat precision planter and a small amount of use of technology [J]. Mechanization, 1996 (2): 9.

[6] Liu Hanfei, YANG, Dong-Sheng Xu, et al. To develop conservation tillage efforts to improve food production capacity [J]. Agriculture and Technology, 2010,30 (1) :7-9.

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