On the construction of socialist civic culture - in order to balance the right to speak for the view class

[Paper Keywords] the right to speak of socialist construction of civic Culture class
[Abstract] the right to speak of achieving a balanced level is an important part of socialist democratic politics, social harmony and an important guarantee for social justice. Democratic system to be sustainable, balanced class right to speak to civic Culture, Political and cultural foundation is to build community doctrine civic Culture, should strengthen the socialist market economy, promoting socialist democratic politics, the ideological and Political Education and civic Culture and Education combined, and actively nurture Civil society.

The right to speak of achieving a balanced level of socialist democratic politics is an important part of social harmony and an important guarantee for social justice. Democratic system can be durable, able to balance the right level of Political discourse and cultural foundation that civic Culture. Is in a transition of Contemporary China social, class voice appeared more serious imbalance, which should be actively building a socialist civic culture, to speed up construction of our socialist Civil society in order to realize fairness and justice sectors of the right to speak, people-oriented balance, ultimately, to promote harmonious society to achieve.

First, the equilibrium level of socialist culture and civic discourse
Political culture is a country of all nationalities, all class members in a certain mode of production, based on a certain Political, economic and cultural formation of a specific period of political psychology of the orientation and political values combined. The political culture by members of all sectors of society and the political orientation of political psychology in the shaping and guidance of values, affecting all sectors of society the right to speak of the state, all sectors of society the right to speak about the state of social and political order is whether the stable development of the key factors, so to shape consistent with the social nature of the state social class voice, we must construct the corresponding political culture. political culture in political life plays a very important role, it is the continuation of social and political order, and lasting foundation.

The first is the study of political culture, Almond American political scientist, his cognitive and emotional members of the standard of behavior, the human society's political culture can be divided into three categories: First, local political culture, there is the traditional society, the strong feelings of members of the community, but there is no clear sense of the political system, the basic no part in politics; Second, attaching political culture, members of the political system is completely passive, only the output of some relevant political system is not actively involved in political system; third is political culture of participation, members actively participate in the political system of input and output part, tend to a self "actors' roles. Meanwhile, Almond and the political content of political culture provides orientation four constants: the system as a general goal, objective input, output targets and as active participants in the self. where "input target" and "as active participants in the self" is the political culture of democratic orientation of the political content established targets, "the input target", "output goals" and "as active participants in the self" is a measure of the degree of social discourse at all levels of the established targets. Almond that the geographical orientation of political culture are close to the four zero; dependent political culture "as a general goal of the system" and the "output destination" approach appeared high frequency; participatory political culture of the four orientations are relatively high frequency appear. Obviously, consistent with democratic politics, all sectors of society than the right to speak only active participatory political culture.

Because different types of political culture, social class status of different voice, different from the nature of society. Apart from the traditional voice classes unrelated to the regional political culture of social, political culture in the attachment, the subjects were forced into several levels different rights and obligations of social class is a binary sub-sheets, and high-grade grab too many rights obligations is too small, the rights of low-grade wins most of the remaining captives are mostly obligations. In this case, it is formed The subjects are mostly personality. public policy output is only the ruling elite one-dimensional expression of the will of their master hegemony, no say other sectors of society, can only passively accept. in the political culture of participation, citizens in the law equality before, in order to achieve the equality of rights and obligations of the binary, so it is easy to form autonomous personality. public policy in all sectors of society is the right to speak publicly the result of game, class discourse in a more balanced and democratic politics be realized.

However, political culture is bound to lead to a balanced class right to speak, and bring a stable democratic political system? Answer is no. Purely political culture does not exist, even if there is high risk, political participation level must be compatible with the modernization process. Huntington believes that modern and political instability in itself has no direct causal link, but through some intermediary factors linked causal chain between the two. Specifically, the impact of modernization consists of three relationship: (1) social mobilization / economic development = social frustration; (2) social frustration / mobile opportunities for the second political participation; (3) political participation / political institutionalization = political instability. these intermediary factors linked together, changes in social and political stability as a constraint to the key variables. extreme levels of political participation words triggered an explosion likely to lead to the expression of the existing political system to collapse. especially for the latecomer countries, and the continuation of centuries of modern, usually time to solve a problem or crisis in Western countries, issued after the developing countries have not come all the problems, but simultaneously, which makes the task of political modernization, especially heavy. In the absence of a flexible and powerful political system, participation would mean the expansion of the instability and violence. and who can not be uniform, different regions, different ethnic groups, different classes and even the same person in different historical period, the discourse demands may be very different. Thus, even in highly developed democratic countries, the type of political culture is not single, but mainly to political culture, additional local political culture and dependence of the complex political culture, which that civic culture.

"The Civic Culture is a complex culture." Civic culture, many people interested in politics, public policy discourse is the class presentation of a balanced game, but there are many subjects to accept a more passive role, the political participation of Discourse in the control capacity of the existing political system within the limits. More important, even play an active political role in the citizens, subjects and geographical role has not been replaced by the people, they were attached to the participant roles, as an active part in politics, society members of all walks of life are tolerant, rational, democratic, and not extreme populist. In fact, the geographical orientation of people and subjects not only preserved, but also their civic culture plays an important role. "First of all, geographical orientation of people and subjects the individual to ease the intensity of political participation and initiative ... ... Moreover, the geographical orientation of people and subjects are interdependent not only with the participants, the participants also penetrate and binding orientation. "visible, lasting democratic system can be , the right to speak to a balanced level of political culture is the basis of civic culture.


China has a long history of two thousand years of feudal system, far-reaching political culture of dependency; a vast territory, large population, all nationalities, all walks of life, distinctive local, regional culture has deep roots; the leadership of the working class worker-peasant alliance as the basis of people's democratic dictatorship of socialist countries, the development of socialist democratic politics and achieve the people as masters, all levels of society the right to speak for the balance of game, improving their management of social affairs, economic and cultural affairs and the exercise of the ability of democratic rights is our important goal of socialist modernization. Therefore, we want to build a political culture, should be based on political culture as the main socialist civic culture. so-called socialist civic culture, refers to Under the guidance of Marxism political culture of citizen participation as the main body of the composite culture, its essence is to realize people are the masters.

Second, the socialist equilibrium level of civic culture generated the important role of the right to speak
Almond said: "A stable and effective development of democratic government, not only depends on the structure of government and politics: it depends on the orientation of the political process people - depends on the political culture. Unless the political culture that can support a democratic system, otherwise, the system the chances of success are very slim. "can be a lasting democracy, the right to speak to a balanced level of political and cultural foundation that civic culture. Socialist equilibrium level of civic culture generated the important role of the right to speak mainly as follows:
(A) in favor of socialist culture, shaping the balance of Civil discourse generated by the main sectors - Civil. Citizen is able to generate a balanced level of political discourse right personality, citizens first and foremost political intellectuals. If a political system, citizens to actively participate in politics , interested in politics, understanding of politics and political influence, then the system is likely to be democratic institutions, the higher the quality of citizens and political prerequisites for democracy; the other hand, if citizens are passive, negative, extremely poor political knowledge and cents No political enthusiasm, then this system is likely to be authoritarian regime, negative, indifferent citizens democratic political obstacles. Only socialism can shape the civic culture of the citizens of all walks of life character, and cultivate the soil of socialist democracy, balanced voice class can be realized, local political culture and political culture of dependency is not possible to nurture democracy.

(B) of the culture of socialist citizens the right to build a balanced level of discourse to provide a good political environment. Political stability is a balanced voice to the generated class prerequisites. Compound is stable civic culture and political culture of democratic politics based on reason is : "On the one hand, a democratic government must govern the country; it must have the authority and leadership and make decisions. On the other hand, it must take responsibility for its citizens. because, if what is the meaning of democratic politics, it means that the government the elite of citizens must be some way to answering the wishes and requirements. "participatory approach in the expression of the political culture of discourses desire, but also to the political elite to the pressure and constraints, defined its responsibilities; geographical type and attachment type political participation, political and cultural orientation of the orientation constraints put in a certain range to warrant the excessive and prevented them ineffective. civic culture is complex in nature, "which contains a series of orientation balance. political initiatives exist, but they are modest; political differences exist, but it is constrained. "citizens of the Western culture is the result of gradual political development, is long and bitter voice of social class based on the game, the traditional type of political culture and political participation the result of cultural integration. And China is a latecomer, the development of socialist countries, with China's socialist market economy in recent years, the establishment and development of the concept of publicity democracy, political participation of our citizens with unprecedented enthusiasm, it should be that it is worthy of recognition, which is our original intention of building a socialist democratic politics. However, because China is still in primary stage of socialism, the capacity of the existing political system, tension is limited, and therefore must be citizen's political participation, discourse behavior expression boot, or fail to develop people's democracy not only for political purposes, or even lead to social instability and endanger China's socialist modernization drive. Thus, only to develop the socialist construction of civic culture, maintain political stability, it to relieve the tension between the discourse level, the progressive realization of the right balance of social class discourse. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com (c) civic culture conducive to the elimination of socialist voice class imbalance phenomenon. is in a transition period of contemporary Chinese society, class voice appeared more serious imbalance: a strong group hegemony, the excessive share of social resources; the potential rapid growth of population the right to speak, but not dominant social discourse ; disadvantaged groups the right to speak, although the expression of a certain, but still be violated to varying degrees. Socialist Civil law as the supreme authority of culture, the overall operational procedures, standardized and scientific, social justice, fair highlight. Therefore, the socialist citizens Culture is essentially compatible with democratic politics, independent personality who see themselves as a free, responsible people, not controlled by other people's expectations or impulse tool. active participation of all sectors of society and political, concern politics, understanding of politics and influence political, to be effective in the class tend to balance the right to speak.

(D) of the socialist culture and a balanced class citizens the right to speak, provided adequate power source. Political participation is an important modern concepts of political science, is the core of modern democratic politics and democratic development of the standards and scales. In the economic globalization, political the era of democratization, political participation all sectors of society continue to expand. Almond said: "If a revolution under way in the modern world, we may be able to put the revolution called 'participation revolution'. and politics is also involved in the process of expanding the right to speak to all sectors of society and tends to achieve a balanced process. can be said that the process of development of modern democracy is not only the process of expanding political participation, but also the right to become a balanced level of discourse processes. a country's citizens the level of political participation and the higher the level of political development in the country the higher, in part, political participation has become the measure of a country's level of political development is an important indicator.


(E) is dedicated to "people ownership" of the socialist class civic culture for the balanced realization of the right words to provide a legal foundation. Our Constitution provides that: all state power belongs to the people, the people exercise state power through the National People's Congress and the local people's congresses at all levels. the people in accordance with the law, by various ways and forms, management of national affairs, economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs. National People's Congress and local people's congresses are democratically elected, accountable to the people, by the people's supervision. At present, our people's political participation and supervision of the channels have been greatly improved, but the participation and supervision are still in the spontaneous type, called type, the proposed type, style criticism, exposing type, dispersed phase, and the participation of all sectors of society and political situation is not balanced. Therefore, currently, only positive development of the socialist civic culture, and vigorously promote the people's political participation and supervision in order to eliminate the right to speak class imbalance.

Third, the construction of the socialist way civic culture
Cultural construction of socialist citizens of our country's basic national conditions should be based, in, under the guidance of Marxist theory, under the leadership of the party, drawing on the advanced experience of Western countries, based on the response to the situation of China's socialist modernization step by step manner. Specifically, include:
(A) to strengthen the socialist market economy, the cultivation of civic culture of socialism laid a solid material foundation. To develop China's socialist market economy, citizens can provide the necessary material and cultural construction of the premise. With the development of the socialist market economy , China's overall national strength has been greatly improved people's living standards improved correspondingly, people's awareness of rights, self-awareness, and thus to defend their rights through political participation, awareness has been enhanced. At the same time, economic development for citizens the spread of culture provides an effective tool and means of material. In recent years, as China's economic development, school Education, higher Education building construction, especially into the booming period of enrollment rate and quality of Education has a huge increase; people spare time has become more abundant; newspapers and magazines, video, media development rapidly. This is the smooth flow of information, political participation for citizens to provide an adequate material basis for the current voice to gradually achieve balanced class provides a solid material guarantee.

(B) to promote socialist democracy and socialist development of civic culture and provide a reliable system of protection. Into the new century, underlines the growing importance of political reform, a series of political reforms in the new ideas, new initiatives have introduced. of law and building a socialist country ruled by law; according to law and building a government by law, democratic government, responsible government, the Sunshine Government; democratic decision-making and scientific decision-making, decision-making process to achieve justice; inner-party democracy and supervision, the party's governance, the concept of leadership and governance-building; power monitoring and control mechanism of the construction of these new ideas and initiatives of political participation for citizens not only provides a practical system of channels, civic and cultural development of socialism provides a good political atmosphere, realization of the right to speak for the balance of class provides a good system of support.

(C) the ideological and political education and civic culture and education combined. Ideological and political education is a unique advantage of our party is our party's political work as the lifeline of all, whether in the Revolutionary War or in the period of socialist modernization, ideological and political education played an important and irreplaceable role. However, the ideological and political education is not exactly the same as civic education, civic culture and education, including not only the ideological and political education, but also advocate and promote patriotism, socialism, collectivism, and the spirit of serving the people wholeheartedly; establish constitutional authority, and enhance awareness of rights, promote free and full development of each person, build people, people with social, civic and government, people and nature live in harmony and so on. Therefore, the ideological Civic and Political Education and Socialist Culture and Education to combine strengths for the promotion of cultural development of China's socialist citizens of great benefit. Meanwhile, China's ideological and political education is the socialist nature of the ideological and political education, the ultimate purpose is to more effectively under the leadership of the party to realize the aspirations of the people as masters in order to fully protect all sectors of society to achieve the right to speak, it is essentially fit within the socialist civic culture is, therefore, the ideological and political education and civic culture and education together, contribute to the progressive realization of the right to speak of class balance.

(D) nurturing civil society. Civic culture, by definition is compatible with civil society and political culture. Theory of civil society in Western developed countries, Civil Society and the more mature countries, civil society has accumulated a wealth of experience, worthy of our country reference. In our country, since the founding of New China, particularly since reform and opening, with the development of market economy, private forces began to stretch the power of political system also makes government withdrawal from the social field, civil society put on the agenda. preparing citizens civic culture of China's socialist society is the real prerequisite for the establishment and development of the system. civic culture is the spiritual core of civil society, civil society, civic culture is the material shell. Therefore, only speed up the construction of civil society, civic culture can really establish a socialist. Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com