Water-saving construction of urban green space

Summary analysis of the current green space system planning problems, combined with the actual proposed building a water-saving countermeasures to urban green space, construction of water-saving garden city that provide a reference.

Keywords: water-saving cities; green system; measures; Henan Luoyang

Water is the source of life, but also economic and social foundation for sustainable development of resources. So far, more than 600 cities around the country more than half of urban water shortage, the state thousands of yuan each year from lack of water caused economic losses of some status of the city to alleviate water shortages in the uncontrolled pumping of underground water, so that a serious decline in the city's water table, causing subsidence in the city, hidden endless. more shortage of water resources between man and nature become a huge "ecological deficit", while the water crisis is the future 20 years to achieve our goal of building a moderately prosperous society in one of the major challenges faced by, the party and state leaders has caused great concern, building water-saving society to become the strategic choice of sustainable development [1].

January 2010, Luoyang city residents and industrial water prices rise to varying degrees, to other cities of Luoyang and the landscaping sector sounded the alarm, if not as soon as possible to improve the current irrigation system of urban green space, as time forward, green space conservation costs will be greatly increased. is actual work, saving the city green space to explore the construction of irrigation systems.

A green space system planning problems
Currently, most cities have developed recently, long-term planning of urban green space system, but does not develop a complete irrigation system, green space planning with the support, often in accordance with the planning and construction of green space green space system only when the temporary laying of pipelines and irrigation facilities in some places even the water is temporary access to, not to mention system planning [2,3].

1.1 The urban landscape water system is imperfect, low water use
First of all, most of China's urban green space with a certain area of water features, such as fountains, waterfalls, artificial lakes, etc., these artificial water features, are generally independent of the city's natural water system, relying on the city water system to maintain a large number of annual consumption water resources. exploiting the water also directly to a row in the sewer, but not for water or green space added to the city water system; Second, the irrigation facilities are crude, way behind, poor management. At present irrigation of a variety of urban green space diverse, mostly based on artificial water in irrigation-based, and Jieshui type, such as sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, drip irrigation, etc. and even then the application is small. green space in some cities, the vast majority still Sashui Che irrigation, artificial tube irrigation, irrigation, water tankers can not guarantee uniformity of irrigation, irrigation water amount, often resulting in over-irrigation, surface water or underground leakage, loss of water when watering as much as 20% to 30%, affecting plant growth, and serious waste water .

1.2 irrigation and planting patterns do not match
Currently, small and medium cities in green space irrigation pipe material PVC pipe, PE pipe, galvanized pipe, cast iron tubes, irrigation with ground fixed, buried underground, and mainly suitable for single lawn sprinkler or savanna, for now, using multi- tree, shrub, vine and grass planting pattern is not suitable. greenbelt irrigation system design, construction, professional and norms is not enough. some of the design and construction unit technology, however hard, often not allowed to nozzle selection, spray point arrangement is not correct, the sprinkler spacing is not appropriate depth in the permafrost more than pipeline pipeline caused the cracking, corrosion protection, but the quality of customs and other issues.

1.3 The traditional garden model, knowledge is not enough water
China's water-saving garden despite the development, but most cities still follow the traditional development model of the garden, the status of knowledge on water shortage, lack of reasonable development and utilization of water resources. Practice has proved that the urban water-saving gardens necessary requirement for sustainable development.

2 Construction of water-saving measures in the garden
2.1 The adjustment of planting structure
In addition to the city center square of the more important to retain a certain area of green lawn, the other green light intensity should be based on the strength of selection by plant positive and negative plant selection based on topography and water table level of plant drought, waterlogging species, according to soil thickness of the selected plant deep-rooted, shallow-rooted tree species were adjusted so that the biological characteristics of plants in different locations, height, had their home area, suitable for obtaining the amount of water to create a drought, strong self-regulation, structure and stability ecological communities.

2.2 The emphasis on the overall planning of urban green space system in the green space system planning
Urban green space system planning is the basis for sustainable development of urban environment. In general the planning stage, the rational distribution of various urban green space should make full use of natural rivers, lakes, river systems, water features create a good urban ecological systems to minimize the clean water maintenance of various types of water features of the water, and urban natural water system, green space irrigation system connected to maximize the repeated use of water resources.

2.3 The reasonable choice of plant species, optimal plant configuration
Urban green space is a special ecosystem. Plants are the basis for urban landscape, a reasonable choice and configuration of plant species is the development of the key water-saving garden. Its principles are as follows: First, local conditions, focusing on the development of native species and applications; the second is a large number of applications drought-resistant plants; Third, optimization of the plant arrangement, urban green space should be Joe, shrubs as the main structure of the complex plant communities dominated layer, emphasizing the ecological benefits of green volume and to eliminate the "grass on behalf of the tree "phenomenon, even if the lawn is to choose, but also select the drought resistance of grasses, this will greatly save water. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2.4 to promote water-saving irrigation methods
Irrigation in the way of urban green space, we should vigorously adopt water-saving irrigation practices [4], careful and comprehensive irrigation system designed to increase water efficiency, green space in the building process, in consideration of natural precipitation use, but also pay attention to the seepage of paving materials; the other hand, the effect achieved under the premise of water, different irrigation methods is also a green project can determine the important factors in water.

2.4.1 sprinkler. Traditional irrigation not only waste a lot of water, and running water will appear, thus making water to the sidewalk, street, or driveway, and affect the surrounding environment, difficult to produce surface runoff and deep percolation. Irrigation in particular suitable for close planting of low plants, such as grass, shrubs, flowers and so on.

2.4.2 drip. In addition to the main advantages of sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation is more water than that (about 40%), energy (50% to 70%). However, the distribution piping system is also due to large investment costs and increased operation and management of the workload. At this stage, mainly used in drip irrigation, flowers, shrubs and trees irrigation, while other high density in the lawn and plants are seldom used.

2.4.3 Subsurface Drip Irrigation. This is the typical application of micro-irrigation technology in the form, is the latest and most complex, efficient irrigation methods. It directly supply the plant roots, water evaporation loss, does not affect the landscape, but also can inhibit weed growth, green space is great potential in irrigation technology.

2.5 take full advantage of non-conventional water
The so-called "non-conventional water" refers to the general sense is different from surface water, groundwater sources, including sewage treatment and reuse of water, seawater, brackish water, rain or floods. In other countries, the number of non-conventional water usage, is to determine a level of urban water resources development and use of advanced low key Biaozhi. present landscape of the city from the living water and more water, causing water and green water of the inhabitants of contradictions. Shuizi Yuan Yue Laiyue scarce in today's landscape To continue to develop, we must solve water problem, and make full use of non-conventional water is an effective way to resolve this contradiction one.

2.6 The use of super absorbent polymers
Super absorbent polymers (SAP) in the last 20 years, developed new international drought on water-saving products. It is a functional polymer, insoluble in water, with "water, water harvesting, water saving" feature, which can effectively prevent water infiltration or evaporation, to reduce the number of water consumption or irrigation, improve water use efficiency, thereby enhancing plant survival.

2.7 Strengthening Human Resources Management, to improve awareness of water conservation professionals
Landscaping in the cause of the current staff, a considerable part of the situation of water scarcity in China do not understand, not yet realized the importance of saving water. This has shown to the designer in the design of the lawn or tend to a large area, large water features and some high water in the landscape, or lack of understanding of ecological habits of plants, plants can not be reasonably configuration; the other hand, the performance of departments and management personnel for the management of conservation in late, there is no effective water conservation programs and measures. For this reason, priority should be to increase publicity to raise awareness of water conservation professionals, so that the concept of the development of extensive water-garden enjoys popular support. water-saving landscape garden will become the main building of the new model.

3 References
[1] object Decision, Du Jie, Wen Yao, and so on. Based on water-saving landscape design of the northern city water [J]. Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2007,35 (34) :11094 -11,095.

[2] Li Guofeng. Shanxi develop water-saving green space of [J]. Shanxi Forestry, 2008 (4) :32-33.

[3] Wang Xia, Sun Shijun, in Granville. Water-saving green space on the development of thinking [J]. Chinese gardens, 2004,20 (2) :38-39.

[4] Zhu Ying Lian. Water-saving landscape irrigation design Several measures [J]. China Construction Information, 2009 (16) :66-67.

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