Five groups of meteorological disasters and countermeasures for reclamation

Summary of the five groups Reclamation special geographical location and natural conditions, analysis of its climate and meteorological disasters caused damage to agricultural production, and puts forward measures to deal with natural disasters, meteorological Research for the future , provide the basis for disaster prevention, in order to promote the development of production.

Keywords meteorological disaster; defense responses; five groups Reclamation; Aksu

Five groups of Reclamation has a temperate arid desert climate, Mission District, from the northern Tianshan snow throughout the year, close to, climate variability, wind, dust storms, hail, heavy rain, frost, low temperature and freezing, drought, floods, snow avalanches, earthquakes, 10 kinds of pests such as frequent natural disasters. reclamation area where the terrain and the formation of small circulation, with a significant mountainous climate, not only by the Mission District, a wide range of cold weather in the invasion process of the formation, but also by the local mountain array of micro-climate caused by the weather. five groups formed a special topography of the special climate point: often have strong cold wave in spring (late spring) weather, strong winds, dust storms have occurred; summer temperature is not high, the temperature difference between day and night, are cool weather, often hail, heavy rain occurred; autumn cooling rapidly, the first frost of earlier, to the five groups a negative factor in agricultural production.

1, the main crop growing season weather disasters
Wind 1.1
Mission District, an average of 6.5 times the number of days with strong winds, and more in the spring and summer. Every year in March after the changeable weather, strong winds, dust storms and other weather disasters have occurred on the mission field of agricultural production, forestry, animal husbandry caused great threats. In particular, strong winds occur in spring, flowering fruit trees, fruit and seedling growth of crops, great harm. For example: April 18, 2008, five group 1 Strong Sandstorm reclamation process: the invasion by the strong cold north impact mission area from April 17th 0:30 at night, the wind started to increase, sandstorms, wind weather, and the emergence of the west 5 to 6 winds, the maximum instantaneous wind speed at night 7 (15m / s), minimum visibility down to 100m around .18 at 8:19 or so to appear eight winds. from the 10:18 start more than eight consecutive strong winds continued until 17:00, which lasted more than .12 6h 58 minutes when the instantaneous maximum wind speed 10 (25m / s), the minimum visibility down to 15m or so, to achieve high standards of 5 ~ 6 dust storm winds from April 17 until 0:30 at night over the duration of up to 20h. The duration of strong winds length, intensity, it is nearly 30 years five groups Reclamation rare weather, Mission District, has been broadcast on cotton and fruit trees pollination, fruit set great harm and losses caused by cotton floating film 6,711,000 hm2, seedling death, replay cotton area 7,565,000 hm2, causing direct economic losses of 312.587 7 million, of fruit pollination, resulting in low fruit set, fruit production cuts, greenhouse was also damaged.

1.2 low
Mission District, unstable temperature rise in spring, often being low hazard (including freezing, chilling injury and frost), there is strong cold wave (late spring) weather, frost damage caused seedling death, resulting in re-planting, the crop growth period delayed, freezing plants so growing weakness led production. Mission District location close to the northern mountains, the formation of a special climate, the summer temperature difference between day and night, often cold air invasion, resulting in rainy weather continued cold, cooling by a big margin in the crop growth During the formation of cold damage. such as cotton Leiling off, rotten peaches. Mission District, the rapid fall of temperature, the first frost usually occurs as early as the formation of partial freezing, causing frost flower ones, can also cause the cotton to stop growing or die. as of 2006 April 10th, Mission District, was low temperature and freezing (rain plus snow) of cotton, silage, orchard affected a total area of 3 486.7hm2, 1.015 million yuan in direct economic losses. Another example occurred in mid to late 2008, a freezing temperature, minimum temperature -27.8 ��, greenhouse vegetables, orchards of fruit trees and other hard-hit, most of the young fruit trees is frostbite or freezing to death. In short, the weather can cause cold damage crop failures Mission District, Mission seriously damage market economy.

1.3 Hail
Five groups from the northern mountainous area close to the terrain is very apparent uplifting, easy on the windward slope of the formation of local strong convective weather, hail, cumulonimbus clouds easily into a single cloud, producing showers thunderstorms, hail is the main cause. Mission District, the average annual number of days with 1.7d of the hail, mostly concentrated in the 5 to 8 months, accounted for 76% of hail days, this period is the critical period of crop development, when the hail, will result in crop failures, or never produced of agriculture, transportation, construction facilities and great harm life and property.

1.4 Drought
Five groups rely mainly on Tianshan snow Reclamation irrigation fields, more pronounced seasonal drought, water shortage. Mission District, the drought caused by reasons: First, low temperatures in spring, melting snow slowly, resulting in smaller groups area of water, causing drought. II Tianshan snow less winter snow reduced, causing severe drought in spring, spring irrigation water. Third, rainfall, spatial and temporal distribution is uneven, often have a long time without rainfall, persistent drought. drought of a serious impact on the growth of local crops , leading to reduced production of rapid economic development.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 1.5 flooding
Spring and winter, due to the lower mountain temperatures, melting snow with ice, the accumulation of ice in the lower reaches of the ice blocking the river overflowing dam disaster, the occurrence of ice, Ling of disaster. Summer, 7 to 8 months is the Mission flash flood season, up to 10km of the river, likely to cause flooding.

2 Defense Strategy
Wind 2.1
Farms in efforts to increase afforestation in a planned, rational planting windbreaks, reclamation of vegetation condition gradually improved; pastoral areas should be selected from sheltered places, strengthening of livestock management. To strengthen the monitoring and forecasting of wind to take early preventive measures [1]. encounter windy weather should be temporary reinforcement greenhouses and other agricultural facilities.

2.2 low
First master the cold weather patterns, species with a reasonable arrangement and sowing date, five groups to choose the suitable climatic conditions of the reclamation area to plant crops, careful analysis of the climatic conditions Reclamation five groups, five groups to choose suitable conditions for growing crops Reclamation climate category, while In the selection of species should fully take into account the current meteorological year for analysis to a reasonable choice of crop varieties, strains, especially for thermophilic crops such as cotton, rice, etc., should give full consideration to the current heat conditions, the rational allocation of plant structure, to achieve the weaknesses, the purpose of reducing low temperature damage [2,3]. The second is forecast to strengthen and Application of cold damage. conducive to long-term trend forecast adjustment of crop varieties with the layout and, in the short-term forecast for the timely use of emergency measures to provide a reliable basis to resist . The third is to improve the ecological environment and use of micro-climate, and enhance the ability to resist cold. covered with plastic film to heat the water temperature and spraying chemical agents, these measures can achieve the purpose of reducing low temperature damage.

2.3 Hail
First, strengthen hail suppression work. Equitable distribution of shot, the shot should be built on the formation of hail clouds moving frontier, hail staff to closely monitor the evolution and changes in the weather, so be prepared for. The second is to improve the level of monitoring and prevention of hail. Application of weather radar tracking detection, summarized convective weather patterns, using computer numerical prediction. hailstorm also naked eye, usually moving fast, clouds, yellow, and some middle gray, often accompanied by dull continuous thunder, more than a cross flash. Third, artificial hail suppression. sown in the hail cloud condensation nuclei, accelerated condensed into rain, into the hail to avoid.

2.4 Drought
Analysis to understand the local spatial and temporal distribution of drought disaster law, reasonable adjustments cotton layout [4]; in areas with poor irrigation facilities, avoid cotton. Building high and stable yield farmland, mainly to do leveling and soil and water conservation. Improve and fertilize the soil, increase soil water storage capacity of water by fertilizer. timely cultivation, attention to farming, rakes, Mo, pressure, hoeing clever with the full use of precipitation, while controlling evaporation. using ground cover, such as films, straw, rice straw, green manure cover, etc. . Note that water-saving irrigation, such as trickle irrigation, low pressure pipe irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, underground irrigation, etc., to local conditions. to create farmland, which can be sand-fixing, soil and water, but also adjust the soil moisture, reduce evaporation. In addition, should seize every favorable weather, and actively develop artificial rainfall.

2.5 waterlogging Hung
First, strengthen the climate and hydrological monitoring and forecasting. Second, beefing hydraulic flood control, such as construction of embankments, open flood zone, flood diversion channel excavation and so on. Third, strengthening the agricultural infrastructure. Furrow in the lowlands to lower the water table. At the same time, focus on favorable weather in time to live field management, improve soil aeration, to prevent surface compaction, and salinization. Fourth, improve the soil structure, combined with deep plowing more organic fertilizer, and in a timely manner after waterlogging cultivator.

3 References
[1] section if the River, Jiang Huifei. Agro-meteorology [M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2002.

[2] Pengchun Rui, LIU Xiao-lin, LI Ming Di, et al. Jiangxi Meteorological Disasters in rice countermeasures [J]. Jiangxi Agricultural University, 2005,17 (4) :127-130.

[3] STAFF, Li Yue, Liu Express, and so on. Ningxia meteorological disasters change and its impact on food production [J]. Chinese Agricultural Meteorology, 2008,29 (4) :491-495.

[4] Zhang Aimin, Ma group, Yang Taiming, et al. Anhui Flood and Drought impact on crop production [J]. Applied Meteorology, 2007,18 (5) :619-626.

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