Of river pollution in Fuzhou

Abstract clarified river's role in urban Development, river management described the profile of Fuzhou, analyzes the existing problems, and pollution control measures proposed by Fuzhou River.

Keywords: river; pollution control; profile; problems; countermeasures; Fuzhou, Fujian
AbstractThe role of inland rivers in city's Development was summarized. The pollution control status of inland rivers in Fuzhou Ctiy were introduced, and the existing problems were analyzed. Then some countermeasures were proposed.

Keywords:inland river; pollution control; stastus; problems; countermeasures

River eco-city and urban governance in recent years become a focus of discussion [1], which is the people's production and life truly relevant. How to improve the quality of people's lives and improve the living environment, to achieve harmony between man and nature, unity , is the Research focus in the future, in which river is an important part of the construction of ecological city. With the worldwide problem of increasing emphasis on urban environmental protection, river management methods traditional face enormous challenges. Therefore, how to effectively carry out river management and remediation as a new subject [2]. discusses the origin and Development of eco-city analysis of the river in the "Ecological City" in the role. describes the source of river pollution and river management approach. river governance methods are generally into engineering and biological methods, the main methods used for the domestic engineering methods, such as: river river training works, water supplement and sewage treatment plants and sewage pipe network construction projects in urban river governance initial results obtained .

A river's role in urban Development
Accumulation of urban areas are among the city's Development depends on water supply, sewage treatment and flood control. Once the face of drought, floods, pollution, urban water cycle will be destroyed, human life and property would be seriously threatened. Therefore, build an ecological city, we must first deal with the problem of pollution in city river.

1.1 river in the importance of the process of urban development
Water is the source of life since ancient times, man door by the water, near water species. Rivers and the city's production, development is closely related to the river for the city residents supplied with water, land and water transportation for the goods provides a convenient channel . The modern urban development more prominent role in water resources, urban life, industry, services, utilities and landscape construction and development environment are inextricably linked with water [3-5]. dwellers must have adequate water protection, industrial production must be water supply, urban environment are inseparable from the beautiful clean well water ecosystems, and river water transportation, to improve the climate, the diluted sewage, excluding water and landscaping play an important role.

1.2 Construction of the river for the importance of the urban landscape
The city's landscape is largely highlighted the city's cultural and ethnic characteristics, but it and the situation in city river is closely related to the two off each other. Fuzhou as a serious problem affecting the river around the city. The river water quality The city has an important role in landscape construction, and Chinese feng shui to focus on education of water in the landscape aesthetic effect. Fuzhou Port of light, is a scenic harbor, or in the evening when people are a good place for recreation, but of living, waste generated by industrial development, piling and face serious pollution problems, not only undermined the quality of light in Hong Kong, and even the surrounding landscape also suffered damage.

1.3 The role of rivers in the waterlogging
The development of the river is the lifeline of the city, a city crucial to good water ecosystem, rich in seasonal precipitation can also adjust the distribution of water resources, in particular to address the city's waterlogging problem. In October 2005, "Dragon King" typhoon Fuzhou caused waterlogging once in 100 years, economic losses, and when the river ecosystem Fuzhou did not play its due role. there is drying up in recent decades the phenomenon of Fuzhou River, water quality is damaged, thus weakening the role of waterlogging.

1.4 The river's role in the ecological environment
Water resources are an important factor in the ecological environment, to a large extent determine the impact of even a city's overall environmental quality. Water resources development, utilization, protection and disaster prevention, involving all walks of life, bearing on, has obvious social, basin-wide and systematic, it is subject to specific geographical, location, climate change and hydrological and meteorological factors. the city's water supply, flood control, water management with the objective of its complexity and difficulty [6 ], so river pollution control to ensure good environmental governance is the key.

Fuzhou River Management Overview 2
Fuzhou City standing by river, crossing over Minjiang River, into the East China Sea, the terrain is sloping from northwest to southeast, dense river network within the city limits, about 90, about 200km, the average density of 3km/km2 above water network. Crisscross The river formed a Western-based White Horse River water system, the Jinan-based East River water system and the main port to the mouth of the bright water.

2.1 Fuzhou River History
Fuzhou is located in the Minjiang River, in close proximity with the sea, criss-cross the history of Fuzhou River, north of the mountain stream water pooling into the city, while a considerable part of the river channel is protecting the city since Tang and Song Ho remains. East and West mixed into a network, in order. The average density of large water network in the country are considered rare in similar cities, water area of 159.77km2.

And in the Tang Dynasty period (AD 881 ~ 885) Fuzhou economic prosperity, population density, observed re-construction of the history of Zheng Yi city, located five gates, each gate has the magnificent moat. Thirty eight years in the Jiajing ( AD 1559), the urban construction of 7 and 4 water gates shut door to communication channels within and outside the city. and continue to build the city ditch the nursing evolved into today's criss-cross the river in Fuzhou. to the Ming and Qing dynasties, Central China to avoid war by the people, and the influx of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, making the population surge, began a river of dirty rotten Fuzhou age.

With the rise of modern industry, the uncontrolled discharge of industrial wastewater, river problems become more serious. Departments had done to Statistics, in 1990, Fuzhou, the total sewage discharged into the river about 24t, and industrial waste accounted for about 50%. Jinan river water in the upper reaches of Minjiang River can not be imported at low tide at the same time as [7], but also with the next high tide to the upper back, resulting in a large number of water depths in the river echoed, unable to retreat, so the pollution of river problems become more serious.

Fuzhou River Regulation Project 2.2
90s from the 20th century, the city leaders, the department in order to strengthen the management of river pollution to address urban water logging, improving river water quality, conducted a large-scale renovation work, and the establishment of a river management office, launched a series of training works : First River drainage improvement works. for river siltation serious silt bed constantly high, frequent waterlogging problems in the current situation of urban river survey, based on the analysis of the causes floods, check the existing drainage capacity of the river, around the section under the City controlling the elevation is proposed to meet the design standards of the reach of the river remediation, dredging, widening the program, and most inland rivers in urban areas has been implemented, and achieved certain results, especially the West White Horse Creek, effect is remarkable. Second, river water supplement project. Ecological replenishment project, also known as red water pollution projects. River in Wenshan and established in reference to Minjiang water pumping station, pumping station in the Jinshan River Oolong is quoted, river water in order to change the dynamic conditions, increase the flow of river water to improve the flow rate. the use of river connected with the location of Minjiang River, the river pollution concentrations after dilution into the Minjiang River water is relatively low. This eco-replenishment works to some extent improved the river's water quality, especially the Drum Tower District, Jinan District, and the greatest benefit.

2.3 The sewage treatment plant and sewage pipe network construction project

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com Before the mid-90s of the 20th century, urban drainage system is inadequate, sewage and rainwater directly into the river, the river's pollution problem is getting worse. As of now, only 2 of Fuzhou, sewage treatment plants, one in 1996 in Western completion of the design scale of 50,000 m3 / s of the Cheung Osaka sewage treatment plant; the other is the size of the end of 2002 completed the design for the 200,000 m3 / s Ocean in the sewage treatment plant of its main service area for the Eastern District. but two sewage treatment plant capacity to 25 million at m3, only Status at 45 million m3 of sewage volume of 56%, there are still large amounts of untreated sewage into the river, affecting the capacity of sewage treatment plant and the river full of cutting pollution , so that river's pollution problems can not be completely resolved.

2.4 Remediation of river for urban development
River regulation, resulting in three aspects of environmental benefits. The first river dilution capability increases, the net ratio of increased pollution, water quality improvement; the second is positive river flow increases, the tidal backwater weakened, reducing water retention time, pollutants cumulative effect is eliminated, the black-odor water problems can be solved; Third River average water depth increased, and the landscape is conducive to the improvement of rowing boats sailing. Inland governance related to the future development of the city, if the river's pollution problem has been solved, not only improve river water quality, the water clarity, more beautiful environment, but also to attract investors to invest in the development of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, can effectively promote economic development, thus providing a beautiful people's living environment, improve people's quality of life. Although the implementation of the these three river training works, but the problem is long-term accumulation of river down, and now there are still many problems to be solved.

3 River governance problems in Fuzhou
River pollution problem for decades has been plagued Fuzhou, Fuzhou, for the people, solve the problem of river pollution is the biggest wish of the people of Fuzhou. People's lives are inseparable from the production of water, water is the source of life, but also the development of Fuzhou lifeblood of Fuzhou, the biggest obstacle now is the river problem, mainly from inland sources of pollution of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage, industrial pollution has largely been resolved now, but still very serious sewage pollution, large amounts of untreated sewage discharged directly into the river, destruction of river water quality, to a certain extent, affected the city's temperature regulation. Although the implementation of the above three river training works, but the problem is long-term accumulation of river down, and now there are still many problems to be solved.

3.1 Ecological pay the uneven distribution of red dirt poor results
The river to its special geographical location, coupled with a variety of practical factors, inland river water supplement the uneven distribution of water environment improvement imbalance, but also there is a lot of breakage of the river, long deposition, channel blocking , continuously discharged into the sewage and wastewater can not be discharged, resulting in long black-odor. According to the survey, although it has rivers, but the river is still very serious black-odor, dissolved oxygen content is still small, difficult to decompose organic matter, NH3 -N remain in the river most of the section, the water quality worse than Class V surface water standards.

3.2 The number of pollution sources and domestic sewage as the main source of pollution
According to the urban area of Fuzhou Inland River Management Office survey of pollution sources, river of many sources of pollution, especially along the industrial wastewater and domestic sewage. After the municipal government force the removal of the illegal industry, emissions of industrial waste water tight control of its water River pollution has declined, but the corresponding volume of sewage discharge actually was increasing year by year, has become a major source of pollution in Fuzhou River.

3.3 The sewage treatment infrastructure is not sound
Fuzhou River of multiple, cross-distribution, but also connected with the Min River, Minjiang River water by the ebb and flow of large drainage flood control facilities within the city limits but does not sound serious threat to urban safety. The most serious one was 2005's "Dragon King "Typhoon, because inadequate drainage facilities, causing serious waterlogging in Fuzhou City, suffered heavy losses. So far, the Sewer District and wastewater treatment equipment is not complete, only two local sewage treatment plants, and processing capabilities and the city emissions are not balanced, have brought a great burden.

Environmental awareness among residents of the weak 3.4
Although <<Fuzhou river management approach>> has been promulgated for many years and after a few changes, but people are not paid enough attention to environmental pollution problems, many people environmental awareness is weak, the daily garbage and feces directly into the rivers.

4 Fuzhou River Pollution Control Measures
4.1 strengthen the "one river, one policy" to strengthen river management
River management regulations to strengthen publicity and education grant <<River Law "> brochures, and coastal flats, the residents signed a <<care Creek Convention>>, strengthening river Law enforcement, Law enforcement should cooperate closely with the Urban River Management Office, to strengthen monitoring along the river, to promptly remove illegal, occupation of the bank building, to resolutely put a stop to correct the behavior of fly-tips to the river of sewage. to do the daily management of river water, water diversion project to ensure rational management and scientific operation.

4.2 The development of river tourism potential
River pollution in the face of increasingly severe treatment measures must be further to the direction of tourism development regulation, in this direction, we must completely cutting pollution, rain and sewage diversion of work to do. The use of river cross-cutting edge, the river building become a tourist pier, shore slope repair, clean mud, construction of green belts along the coast, playing channel. while the decapitated River pipe fitting cover, or dig through, so Fuzhou show a new picture. When the tourist comes to lead them to take a cruise In the crystal clear river on the taste of the scenery of historical and cultural city of Fuzhou.

4.3 Development of Water Transport Bus Tour
Fuzhou's inland waterway network density, the urban area within the river cross-cutting in under the net transport networks, there is the White Horse Creek in the west mainly of water, mainly in the east of Jinan river water, south of the light port. Can the the specific circumstances of the river study design appropriate vessel, sailing open channel, the combination of tourism and entertainment, both share the road traffic congestion, but also the formation of a unique landscape, add a beautiful landscape for the city. In addition, a number of Europe and America developed countries, success stories, such as the UK's River Thames experience of renovation and timely tracking and monitoring water quality, to ensure the clear and clean water.

5 Conclusion
River City Construction in the development of attention is important, but the river is only a part of eco-city construction, construction of ecological city involved in a wide range of other parts should not be overlooked and should complement each other, adhere to the natural and ecological principles, to maintain water quality , which can achieve the sustainable development of rivers, social, urban, economic, environmental and sustainable development. build an ecological city is inseparable from the creative planning and design, creative planning and design theory needs proactive approach, and therefore must change the concept of urban planning , the ecological values of the new guidance, the creation of focus on the eco-city planning and design theory and methodology, with the new planning theories and methods of ecological development of the city of Fuzhou.

6 References
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[3] Huang Guangyu, Chen Yong. Ecological City Theory and Planning Methods [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2002.

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