Water resources development and utilization of mutual aid Problems and Solutions

Summary describes the mutual status of water resources Development in the county, pointed out the main problems is proposed strategies in order to achieve the mutual use of the sustainable Development of water resources in the county to provide information.

Keywords: water resources; Development and utilization; situation; problems; countermeasures; Qinghai Mutual

Social and economic Development of water resources is an important material foundation and irreplaceable natural resource. Sustainable use of water as an economic and social sustainable Development important to ensure that, in the mutual economic and social development in the county at a crucial security status. To achieve the mountains beautiful, ecologically development, economic and social sustainability, rapid and healthy development is absolutely without water support. "second five" period to achieve the sustainable development of water to must uphold the scientific concept of development, implementation and water resource development, the use, configuration and protection of the [1,2].

1 Water resources development and utilization of mutual aid status
There are six mutual aid county area of major rivers in the basin, the annual total water 5.103 300 000 000 m3. Where entry of water Huangshui 1.22 billion m3, leaving water 1.69 billion m3; entry of water 2204000000 Datong m3, leaving water 2.672 billion m3. The present situation analysis of water use, the county's average annual rainfall depth for the 482.4 mm, equivalent to 1.65 billion total precipitation m3, accounting for 06.4 billion m3 in Qinghai Province 2 0.8%, natural rainfall is clearly insufficient. the county in water production module for the 152,000 m3/km2, according to the total population of 37 million and 60 thousand hm2 cultivated area, the per capita possession of water resources 1 379m3, the national per capita consumption of 55%, the average share of water resources 7 365m3/hm2 the national average share of 27.9%, far below the national average, which is water-poor counties.

60 years since the 20th century, the county built a large number of mutual aid storage, flow, dike water projects, the development and utilization of water resources has created good conditions. As of July 2004, the county completed 622 kinds of water conservancy projects, including Reservoir 37 (Block 1 medium-sized reservoirs, small (a) reservoir 7, the small (b) reservoir 29), flood pool of 50, 15 Key Gully project, dam 29, 87 electric pumping stations , wells 48, Station 8, Turbine Pumping three, 10 million mu of irrigation area, the private channel 71, 223 drinking water gravity works, drinking water dispenser three wells, drinking water pumping project nine little high, human and animal 22 artificial water wells, irrigation works 6, rainwater harvesting projects an advantage to complete the terracing 32000 hm2. the works to control irrigation area 14,200 hm2, solve the 17.6 million people, 180,500 (only) of livestock the drinking water. The size of the Engineering, development and utilization of water resources in a reasonable and played an important social, economic and ecological benefits.

2 The main problems
2.1 The resource-based water shortage highlights lack of water level increase
First, the natural precipitation large regional differences. Mutual aid county water and gas mainly from the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and warm air over the southeast coast of the Pacific subtropical high and the transport of warm air typhoon, as water vapor through the mountains, by the mountain barrier, into the territory has become a spent force, the content is minimal, resulting in drought. because of uneven elevation around the county, regional differences in precipitation. Huangshui River Valley is located in the Bluff River, Sahara straight groove, red cliff, etc. Bedding area south of the precipitation in the 300 ~ 400mm, the middle shallow mountain regions, including Cai Jiabao, Western Hills, Eastern Shan and Wufeng, Weiyuan town, Dan Ma, fifty, more than other rural southern half of the song, precipitation in the 400 500mm, close to the mountains south of the south gate of Xian Mida Gap board, beach, Lin Chuan, the East and as well as other rural Donggou annual precipitation in the northern half of 550mm or more, is a large River Basin District Zhalong ditch langshidang areas such as ditches and gullies Gan precipitation in 500 ~ 600mm. Second, the uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources. very uneven distribution of rainfall during the year, 6 September precipitation total annual precipitation of 69% to 78% October to March the following year precipitation accounted for only about 10% of annual precipitation, annual precipitation changed greatly, reflecting the annual variation of Cv value is generally in the 0.13 to 0.22, and there is increased Cv values and with the altitude decreases, the analysis and calculation, annual precipitation 519.6mm, annual precipitation at different frequencies, respectively: P = 20%, the precipitation of 596mm; P = 50%, the precipitation of 513mm; P = 75% when , rainfall 454.1mm; P = 95%, the precipitation is 380.3mm. Third, the limited value of groundwater development. According to the distribution of mutual aid county river systems, topography and hydrological characteristics of the county is divided into Maquan ditch River Basin, Bluff River Basin District, Sahara straight watershed area, watershed area Zaigou Redcliffe, Shuimogou Valley area, Huangshui River area, such as Datong River Basin Water Resources Division 7, according to the 2003 << Water resources development and utilization of mutual aid situation analysis report>> that only Maquan Bluff River Basin Watershed and water resources belong to the Green Zone (with mining potential areas), while the other five areas for the red zone (ie, no development and utilization of district) . the county the actual mining of groundwater is a 1,194,900 m3 (2003 �� base), in addition to Bluff Watershed District, a large quantity of groundwater exploitation, the Sahara direct watershed area, Redcliffe River Bedding exploitation of groundwater is currently very small and Shuimogou Valley area, Huangshui River, Tai River Basin groundwater exploitation is only the value of individual lots with it, the total exploitation of little value, the value is no mining zone.

2.2 Engineering serious water shortage, inadequate safeguards
First, the low level of comprehensive development and utilization. Although mutual aid county water conservancy infrastructure construction with remarkable results, but due to economic, technological and other factors, water conservancy construction speed is far behind the needs of social development, water resources development level is still at a lower level. mutual aid county total annual supply all kinds of water conservancy 7 8,795,700 m3, which divided by the type of water resources, surface water 6 6,714,500 m3, 13% utilization rate, groundwater 1 0,281,200 m3, utilization 16%; by water zoning for agricultural use 6 of 6,544,200 m3, industrial water 291.06m3, urban water 7,060,400 m3, rural domestic water 2,294,500 m3, annual water demand 8 3,690,500 m3, of which 7 of agricultural irrigation water demand 1.419 million m3, the average irrigation 5 400m3/hm2, industrial enterprises in urban life, rural people need to drink water 1 2,271,500 m3, supply and demand vary 4,894,800 m3. Second, storing a small key projects. The reason why mutual lack of county resources, the most fundamental The reason is that storing less backbone projects. Although Huangshui territory, Datong through, but the two rivers, 6 September runoff accounted for 52% of the peak runoff flow away in vain, did not play its due role. Third, low water use. As poor infrastructure, poor management, mutual use of water resources is low, serious waste. agricultural irrigation canal system supporting low coefficient of irrigation water use an average of 0.4, exists in most parts of the flood diffuse phenomenon of irrigation, agricultural waste water is very serious. coupled with long-standing lack of Engineering maintenance, repairs of aging water supply project, run, run, drip, drain caused by the turnover rate of at least 20%, and seriously affected the efficiency of water supply projects play.

2.3 The low level of water resource management
First, countries in recent years developed a series of wading Although legal, the county has developed a number of mutual corresponding supporting regulations, but there are still practical difficulties of Law enforcement and lax enforcement, Law enforcement level is not high. Second, water development and utilization of the lack of unified planning, allocation of water resources development and utilization of the lack of scientific basis for the rational development of water resources use and configuration. Third, the water management system is not fully straightened out, although the establishment of the Water Authority, the Water Resources management system has not yet formed, and some departments and units of local interests often stand on the position of not attach importance to the protection and conservation of water resources management. Fourth, the sense of the whole society has not yet formed of water, waste and pollution of water resources on the phenomenon of lack of conscious resistance to and oversight.

3 Countermeasures
3.1 The resource-based water around the actual saving reform vigorously promote water-saving measures to promote the building of water-saving society
Construction of water-saving society, through the construction of the social system to solve water shortage problems, mainly through economic means to form a water-saving mechanism, so that increased water use efficiency, development and empowerment of the ecological environment and promote the community to go living on well off the road of civilized development.

3.1.1 in water resources management system and operational mechanism to highlight the government regulation, market guidance and public participation. Government regulation, is full play to the government in water resources and economic development of the macro-control role in strengthening the management of water resources. through the development of plans, rules and systems, the formation of system security, to implement the integrated management of urban water system of protection provided for the establishment of total control and quota management of two sets of index system, lay the Technology foundation, the county's total allocation of water rights to the township, village, community, clear the home, with water to the land, initially to do "the right to water clarity." guiding the market, is actively introducing the market mechanism to play a guiding role of the market allocation of water resources, the use of economic leverage to promote water conservation. a is to establish a reasonable water price formation mechanism. reasonably approved the basic water price, fixed the water to perform basic water price, water use and implementing a progressive increase over the fixed system. The second is to allow free trading of water to encourage water users to sell paid transfer of water conservation, guidance of the sale price in the Government under the premise of the macro, follow the market. Third, the implementation of agricultural irrigation water, "water-vote" system, water users holding water from the mains unit purchase warrants to round acres of water irrigation, water supply unit to vote to ensure that the total volume control, promotion of water in place to facilitate water transactions. is to establish open and transparent public participation, public participation in the democratic management of water resources system.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 3.1.2 In the popular water-saving measures on the basis of regular, active promotion of efficient water-saving technologies. First, strengthen the construction of water facilities, improve water-saving irrigation works; the second is to strengthen the monitoring and control of water facilities. Including the construction of entrance of surface water diversion The access to water metering facilities and electromechanical wells and groundwater access to water metering facilities. The third is to actively introduce and promote the agricultural high-tech water saving Technology, built to control irrigation, drip irrigation, irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and efficient water-based projects. Fourth, accelerate the business section Water Plant. new construction, renovation and expansion projects of water saving facilities must be configured to take recycled water, a water use and other water-saving measures to improve water reuse; Fifth, in urban and rural domestic water to promote water-saving technologies and facilities, and all to implement a metering system. VI is to promote "U" type channels, FA Handilong new technologies and other water conservancy science and Technology, science and Technology to promote water conservation.

3.1.3 strengthen the protection of water resources, the implementation of the verification system of water resources. On the division of functional areas within the river, focusing on strengthening the origin area to water conservation and protection of drinking water sources. Major economic development projects should be subject to watershed or regional water resources planning important in life and the ecological environment of water arrangements, on major economic development projects of water supply, water, drainage analysis of the feasibility and rationality of argument. all kinds of project approval to be sought before the water administration departments, to fully consider the local carrying capacity of water resources and water environment carrying capacity, limiting construction of high water consumption, heavy pollution and affect the water security of industrial projects. resolutely stop the ecological damage caused by the new efforts to achieve harmony with nature to achieve its own sustainable development [3].

3.2 The water shortage around the actual project construction and management work hard to
3.2.1 fully understand the development of water resources in the national economy an important role, to Raise the Soil hardship consciousness. Use the annual "World Water Day", "China Water Week", mutual aid County has been traditionally the "February 2" Material Exchange Conference, Comprehensive information on social security and other time with radio, television, distribution of materials, putting up posters, hang banners, set up an advisory point, knowledge contests and other forms of organized propaganda <<Water Law "> <<Soil and Water Conservation Law"> and other Laws and regulations. by fanfare publicity, and continuously improve the people's water crisis awareness, legal awareness of the water. Meanwhile, on the masses to enhance awareness of water conservation public education, water, environmental awareness and public education, guidance and mobilize the tree and grass planting, water conservation and reduce soil erosion, Suppression of water pollution.

3.2.2 strengthen the unified management of water resources, the establishment of integrated water resources management system. Is reasonably efficient allocation of water resources in the county should make great efforts to do a good job the preparation of integrated water resources planning, water resources in scientific and reasonable evaluation of based on the water resources, water environment and ecological status of water, the development plan. strictly enforce the legal administration of water, water resources management, rational use of water, through legal means to promote planned water use and water conservation, especially through the strict implementation of the water permit system, strengthening water resources management and water law enforcement, to effectively combat the phenomenon of indiscriminate digging of water resources, destruction of irrigation facilities to crack down on various types of water law cases, so that the optimal allocation of limited resources [4].

3.2.3 vigorously strengthen the regulation and control of water resources as the main function of the backbone of the construction, rational development and utilization of water resources. Water Resources control measures include water storage, water diversion, water pumping, water harvesting and other inter-basin water transfer. "XI Five-Year "period, to continue to seize the opportunity of developing the western region, from mutual aid county of Sichuan water, shallow mountain, semi-light of the brain, brain Hill area of reality, actively seek to implement a number of key water conservancy projects, building projects through the backbone of the regulation, Change water for the water, change water as there was no water, improve the comprehensive utilization of water resources, a fundamental solution to dryland agricultural and industrial production and domestic water problems and promote overall economic and social developments. next 5 years, mainly plans to build the following projects: water diversion projects, and actively seek new four branch canals Nanmenxia Corollary reservoir irrigation and water-saving transformation of the old red cliff Zaigou low-yielding farmland irrigation, head of the ditch in the reservoir 13 such low-yield farmland projects in order to gradually change the water in agricultural irrigation, waste water, effectively the limited water resources to agricultural irrigation. Soil and Water Conservation, and actively strive for implementation of the Sahara straight ditch watershed management, dam county Department of Mutual Aid and mutual aid County Soil and Water Conservation Ecological Rehabilitation, Phase II Huangshui River comprehensive management and other nine projects, this comprehensive treatment project in arid mountain area do a good job, a small watershed as a unit, science planning, comprehensive management, the basic per capita 1 333.33hm2 standards farmland, and to take hit caverns, construction Engineering measures such as floods and pools, to develop supplementary irrigation water to ensure that the per capita 666.67m2 Hanlaobaoshou fields. Management and Development "Four", the expansion of forest and grass vegetation; strengthen the prevention and supervision of water conservation, prevent human damage. the initial realization of green mountains, the water clear, greatly improved the ecological environment. water works, the use of Qinghai Province, north canal project Huangshui implemented, the new song of Reservoir, with a total capacity of more than 800 million m3, in order to alleviate Redcliffe Zaigou basin water shortage problem. in rural drinking water projects, and actively seek new BU Xiang Western Hills Township to the Tsai family who drink, Dongshan countryman Dong Gou Xiang Shiwo to drink, the small town of Cedar Gap to Weiyuan Village people drinking and other drinking water project, the basic difficulty in solving drinking water problem of the county. for water projects, according to actual needs, the above mentioned construction of three pumping station project, so some areas are fully rational utilization of water resources. urban residents living water supply projects, a small temple in the existing water supply sources, based on opening up new water sources to meet the needs of urban residents living water.

3.2.4 fully grasp the maintenance of water conservancy projects have been built and water management to ensure an income. After years of efforts, mutual assistance the county has built a large, medium and small types of hydraulic Engineering, the rational development of water resources projects use played a very important role. But most mutual County Water 60s from the 20th century began to build, design and construction was due to impact of Technology, combined with the age old building, now part of the hydraulic engineering aging and need repairs, can not be normal an income. Therefore, the "five-second" period, but also to actively raise funds, focused, to point, and do the maintenance work has been built water conservancy projects, especially for the existing water treatment works, the addition of dangerous reservoirs Insurance reinforcement to increase the storage capacity; on gradually upgrading existing channels and seepage and improve the canal system utilization factor; vigorously carry out capital construction of farmland, land formation. to play in ensuring the effectiveness of each on the basis of hydraulic engineering, the focus good water management, pay close attention to water management and township (town) water conservation station standardized building, trying to force the county to form water as the leading county, township (town) water conservation as the backbone of the station, village water management organizations, network-based water management. Meanwhile, the comprehensive management of water as water collection, and the most important task, and project management personnel to lead the water system of property rights reform, gradually the "water for water" roads, increase funding for water resource management, and expand water and lay a good foundation for economic strength.

4 References
[1] ZHANG De-Jun, Ren Hucheng, Qi Guoliang, et al. Mutual development and utilization of water resources situation and developing strategies [J]. Qinghai Agriculture and Forestry, 2009 (3) :90-92.

[2] Han Yongrong. Qinghai Province Water Resources Development Problems and Solutions [J]. Water Resources Protection, 2003,19 (4) :49-51.

[3] Wang Lin. Water Resources Development and management of existing problems and countermeasures [J]. Management & Technology, 2009 (28): 248.

[4] Jin Xuejun, Chen tax. Sustainable development and utilization of water resources [J]. Cooperative economic and Technology, 2009 (22) :6-7.

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