Far headwater basin on the cotton after the earthquake Ecological Rehabilitation

Abstract 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake Mianyuan headwater areas devastated woodland and forest vegetation. Analyzes the way the harm caused by the earthquake, for scientific, timely repair of the basin's ecological environment, the basic principles of ecological restoration is proposed, to be focused related issues and major measures.

Keywords earthquake; cotton far headwater basin; ecological restoration; basic principles; measures

5.12 Wenchuan earthquake Mianyuan River suffered tremendous damage, especially Hanwang Mianzhu City in nine away cotton top mountain headwater River Basin in the unprecedented disaster. Not only the local infrastructure, housing and equipment losses heavy, and the woodland and forest vegetation have suffered serious losses. earthquake, the large area of loose rock, soil layer and the rock part of the detachment, causing widespread landslides; with post-disaster debris, lake, secondary disasters such as floods, so that loss of vegetation attached to the base, a lot of forest land into a barren [1-2]. fix Mianyuan headwater of the Yangtze River upper reaches of the ecosystem is related to the construction of ecological barriers is extremely hard-hit Mianzhu City, the most important and most difficult one of the projects.

An earthquake hazards
First, roads, water, electricity and housing facilities were completely destroyed, not only seriously affect the production of local residents, life and social and economic Development, but also restricted the process of ecological restoration. The second is the destruction of biological diversity. Quake and landslide, debris flow damage to a large number of secondary disasters such as vegetation, from the top to nine Hanwang mountain pass into the source of devastation along the river, full of bare rock and barren ridge. the destruction of vegetation also affects wildlife in the region living environment, a large number of wild animals can not be destroyed after the environment to survive. and the mountain collapsed and buried river channels, resulting in the disappearance of the original aquatic. These are all areas causing great damage to biodiversity. Third, soil erosion and geological disasters in the short term increase. As mountain collapse, loose, no plant attached to the top of the rain directly to scour the ground caused by soil great loss. In the case of Hong rain season at any time mudslides, landslides and other secondary geological disasters. Fourth, the ecological landscape change, re-facing tourism resources. As the earthquake, tourist attractions, sights, landscape have changed to varying degrees, some of the landscape no longer exists. At the same time, has generated many new landscape, such as the damming of some earthquakes lakes, strange topography, are some valuable travel resources. so after the earthquake before the earthquake, the tourism resources and will have a very different face restructuring.

2, the basic principles of ecological restoration
In the repair work, should be multi-angle and multi-level combination, combining macroscopic and microscopic, combining open system, governance and long-term maintenance phase combination [3-4], the local government and related sector leadership and organization, a collection of related units and personnel organization and implementation. Ecological restoration should follow the following principles: First, the principle of ecological priority. The specificity of the region to determine the ecological benefits of ecological restoration must be top priority. regardless of no man's land people still areas, inaccessible areas or human activities between regions, in the Development of ecological restoration plans, programs, measures must be ecological benefits of priority, in the course of a consistent. Second, the overall principle. to the ecological restoration, conservation and the entire watershed use, compensation considered as a whole, the establishment of long-term mechanism, from a policy, project funds and institutional protection of ecological restoration to achieve tangible results. Third, the principle focus. fix focus is on the sources of rivers, along the road, the surrounding cities and towns, agriculture concentration of production, the tourist attractions around. pay attention to prevent mining and industrial, rural settlements and water pollution within the catchment, the gradual recovery of aquatic species, to achieve good water quality basin, ecological restoration, landscape beauty, and other key goals. Fourth, the principles of diversity. Application Technology, diversity, advocacy-based biological measures, engineering measures, supplemented by measures to support the biological measures in engineering integrated Technology to achieve cost-effective to create the best output targets; Application of species diversity, native species should be mainly, the introduction of suitable varieties, rich in plant species; in biological conservation and the Development and utilization of good articles, especially of biological conservation and ecological tourism Development combined to realize the complementary function.

Links to Research Papers Download Ecological Restoration Center http://www.hi138.com 3 main factors to be considered
One function of factors. In the region by the towns and industrial and mining enterprises, rural and agricultural and natural ecosystems, three systems form a complex of natural and economic eco-system of society and should therefore be based on the function of local conditions partition plan, and implement appropriate restoration measures, taking into account basin production, life, tourism, biological reproduction, so that human and natural activities depends on the basic environment can be preserved, in the realization of the premise of maximizing ecological benefits, both social and economic benefits. Second, the elevation and site conditions . for different elevations, site restoration should take appropriate measures, should be based on the actual situation, should the natural healing natural healing, should be closed forest is closed forest, should the artificial planting of artificial planting. on the need to take engineering measures to stabilize the matrix of vegetation block to the implementation of appropriate projects should be scientifically measures to ensure the effectiveness of ecological restoration. For to be taken to spread (points) or artificial seeding Seeding for ecological restoration, land restoration must be selected to adapt to altitude, species, site conditions, do the right place appropriate tree. Third, the plant configuration. plants full selection of configurations to study and verification, even if the test identified a number of pioneer plant species, we must also consider the type of plant community structure and function of the response to the environment and the plant community species mutual relations. For towns, the mining industry and the residents have to consider the neighborhood selection of plants will have to consider green landscaping; rural selection of plants may be appropriate to consider the economic class of trees, both the ecological and economic benefits; scenic selection of plants in the first premise of eco-efficiency Next, consider the mix of landscape plants, so that a sound ecological environment and beautiful environment.

4 Difficulties of Ecological Restoration
First, the diversity of ecosystem types. From the top to nine Hanwang mountain pass into the complex and diverse disaster area climate, topography, and the height difference of more than 4 000 m, forming a high mountain ecosystems, Basin in mountain ecosystems, terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems, and other rich ecosystems. Second, the complexity of geological and soil. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region in the Sichuan Basin to the transition area, the geological structure is Longmen Shan Fold Belt, located in the fault zone MOUNTAIN decreasing from northwest to southeast, followed by the formation of mountains, Zhongshan, low mountains. due to the strong folds, faults and earthquake, crushing mountain peaks and protruding rocks off Gap insurance, ditch valley narrow, long-term climate, topography , vegetation, soil parent materials and other natural conditions and social factors affect the production activities, the formation of a variety of soil types, vertical distribution significantly. 1 600 m above sea level mountain yellow following an elevation of 1 600 ~ 2 300 m for mountain humus soil, elevation 2 300 ~ 2 850 m for the mountain brown soil, elevation 2 600 ~ 3 500 m to the mountain yellow-brown areas, elevation 3 300 ~ 3 500 m to subalpine meadow soil (sunny), elevation of 3 500 4 000 m for the alpine meadow soil, altitude 4 000 m above the distribution of alpine scree desert soil. Third, damage to forest scarcity of suitable species. Since the earthquake damage to the mountain forest fragmentation, soil erosion, bare rock, most of the damage Site conditions are very poor land, in such a place can grow fewer species. Fourth, the diversity of eco-functional requirements. In this region the main task of ecological restoration is to maintain the soil, water conservation, "green" is the main goal to maximize the ecological benefits is the main purpose. At the same time, but also consider the economic and social Development needs of the ecological functions such as tourism and the needs of the ecological landscape, no migration of peasants to increase income of local tree species, tree species needs.

5, the main measure of ecological restoration
First, appropriate measures at the right place, the principle of appropriate species of vegetation restoration. The earthquake damaged more forest in the steep sections, and poor site conditions, so the overall restoration of natural-based, supplemented by manual repair. Lot more than 2 800 m above sea level , 2 800 m above sea level less than 45 �� slope of the lot and the large area of rock exposed sites should adopt the natural repair; altitude of 2 800 m below the slope is greater than 35 ��, less than 45 �� of the lots can be broadcast and on-demand, the closing off , let the natural repair, better site conditions of planting lots can be artificial; altitude of 2 800 m below the 35 �� slope along the road as far as possible the following lots and mainly artificial Bge. Second, the pioneer plant species selection and configuration. damaged in the earthquake site poor conditions of pioneer plant plots should be selected, to select suitable, harmless to the surrounding environment, a certain economic value species such as black locust, maple, sea buckthorn and so on. Meanwhile, the configuration of the pioneer plant native plants should Lord. Third, consolidation of the soil matrix. For frequent human activities likely to cause erosion of the lot consolidation of engineering measures to be taken to the soil matrix, such as intercepting ditch digging, build retaining walls. Fourth, technical measures for ecological restoration. For forest conservation areas should closed forest area designation to prohibit livestock access, strengthen patrolling and publicity. on the spread (points) sowing seeds of different types of land should be considered mixed. PLANTING artificial land, forest land in the site preparation before the first clean, clear falling rock and fallen logs, site preparation using point-like site preparation, in the Cave of planting; planted tree species in the general requirements for height 1.5 ~ 2.0 m, the general requirements of conifer seedling 0.6 ~ 1.0 m, shrub seedlings, as the case may be, then, planting seedlings seedlings meet requirements, promoting the use of ABT ABT soaking seedling treatment. in the thin soil areas should be used after Zaimiao moss, kill litters, litter or surface stone cover the hole.


6 References
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