Door County Soil Fertilizer Source Problems and Solutions

Abstract Several towns in rural counties door source Fertilization project implementation, as well as agricultural Technology to farmers knowledge levels and the actual situation survey fertilizer that farmers in the county Menyuan actual fertilization of soil problems, proposed the solutions to this problem, the door to better source for the sustainable development of agricultural production in the county.

Keywords: soil fertilization; problems; countermeasures; Qinghai door source

The source counties through the door Fertilization projects, door door ho county town of the source, West Tanxiang, North Township, Spring Town, part of farmers and other rural soil testing and soil testing, respectively, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus , potassium, organic matter and trace elements were measured and analyzed, the source counties may go in the field of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matter and trace element imbalances. At the same time, through several towns in this situation ask the farmers fertilizer, and through the issuance of questionnaire, survey current Menyuan County, education level of farmers, fertilizer Technology, fertilization methods, fertilizer and crop yield, the amount of fertilizer performance and level of understanding of soil testing and fertilizer level of understanding of Technology, fertilizer inputs the ratio of the amount of crop output and so on. According to the source county soil fertility status of the door and the local farmers on the actual fertilization of soil problems, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.

1 Soil problems in the process of fertilization
1.1 The low educational level of farmers, lack of knowledge of agricultural Technology, lack of necessary training
Through the survey found that 82% of the farmers only primary education, 12% of the farmers only junior high school education, high school education and only 4%. Most farmers do not participate in a county, township, or any other form of on agricultural holding technical training, lack of NPK fertilizer and other components of the performance and the role of in-depth understanding of the soil; its application methods mainly from other farmers experienced the teaching of their own exploration in agricultural production and agricultural professional and technical personnel part of the fertilization method, master the relatively one-sided, not perfect. In short, the gate source of county farmers low educational level, lack of knowledge of agricultural Technology, agricultural production level is low, restricting them to master the science of soil fertilization, affecting crop yields, causing environmental pollution the main reason.

1.2 The big blind fertilization, fertilization irrational structure, low fertilizer use
Survey results showed that the majority of farmers now only attached to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer application of major elements, to the neglect of calcium, magnesium, zinc, boron and other trace elements in the application; on soil nutrients in the fertilizer underestimated, fertilization unreasonable, so that some wasteful use of excessive nutrients, and even cause poisoning crops, and some nutrients and is clearly insufficient. Also, because partial nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizer was significantly less, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer imbalance. This is with the farmers fertilizer blindness, habitual, they note, few facilities or long-term P fertilizer, potassium and trace elements in the soil caused by fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in the imbalance. Although significantly increased the amount of fertilizer inputs, but fertilizer for agricultural products The yield effect is not obvious, and sometimes affect the crop yield lodging and other phenomena. These are the farmers clear their land because of soil fertility status, do not know how much fertilizer is the best application of fertilizer, do not know what fertilization method is the most scientific method of fertilization. so there fertilization methods unscientific, irrational structure of the phenomenon of fertilization, although the final result significantly increased the amount of fertilizer was applied, but no significant increase yield of agricultural products, and even more fertilizer, agricultural production but reduced the phenomenon of poor quality agricultural products. In addition, the survey also found that only a handful of farmers is being implemented to understand or know the soil testing and fertilizer technologies, soil testing and fertilizer that new technology has not really open to the county wide implementation.

1.3 low stocks of organic fertilizer, do not focus on the use
The survey found farmers to increase production of organic fertilizer effects on crops or positive. However, the results of laboratory data by analysis of organic matter, Menyuan County farmers in agricultural production, the amount of organic manure is still far from adequate. The reason, a manure storage capacity is too small, do not pay attention to the collection of organic fertilizer, processing and utilization; Second, farmers only consider the understanding of organic fertilizer "farm dung", rarely understand the straw, biogas and other forms of organic fertilizer, resulting in the organic the utilization of fat is too low, thus affecting the sources of organic fertilizer. cropland area of large farmers to small farmers applied manure or fertilizer in the farm-fields in the nearby, or use crops with higher economic benefits and road transport facilities, low yield land application of organic fertilizer is rarely just a single application of chemical fertilizers, particularly urea excessive. because overdose biuret in urea and other toxic substances and microorganisms in the soil will earthworms and other beneficial organisms gradually decreased, affecting the transformation of fertilizer use, over many years caused by soil compaction, soil fertility decline, lower crop yields year after year, further accelerating the loss of soil nutrients, and finally to soil compaction, loss of farm value. In addition, Most of the straw in rural areas were burned, directly or indirectly, to field small, the phenomenon of severe pollution and low utilization of straw.

1.4 The environmental pollution caused by the irrational fertilization
Through questionnaires, the majority of farmers do not understand, do not even know unreasonable fertilizer pollution on the environment, so that environmental pollution caused by fertilizer can not get enough attention. Excessive application of fertilizer, a fertilizer or partial Shimou; do not attach importance organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer with a reasonable; or to the fields directly into the water in the gutter, will directly or indirectly lead to soil, water, air pollution. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www. hi138.com 2 Strategies
2.1 The agricultural technical training of farmers to continuously improve their level of agricultural technology
Door County, according to sources generally low educational level of farmers, the status of the lack of agricultural technology, farmers should continue to strengthen the agricultural technology training and guidance. To hold occasional spot of agricultural technical training, agricultural technology to rural areas, agriculture and other advanced technology to observe forms of training. through training, so that farmers understand the detailed knowledge of agricultural science and technology, including the choice of crop varieties, crop field management, fertilizer type and amount of selection, fertilization methods, and a number of factors such as weather conditions to improve yield and quality of agricultural products impact on local farmers to promote cultivation of crops scientific know-how, thereby enhancing the overall level of scientific farming farmers [1-2]. and continue to foster a group within the county of Jidong advanced farming techniques, and good at management agricultural technology leaders, so that some people in crop cultivation and crop management play a exemplary role.

2.2 Fertilization to promote new technologies, and strive to improve the initiative of farmers and accuracy of soil fertilization
Fertilization is based on crop fertilizer law, the soil capacity for manure and fertilizer effect of organic fertilizer based on the premise, a reasonable target selected crop yield, the decision of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in the application rate and the corresponding fertilization method [3-4]. to promote soil testing and fertilizer technology to further conserve fertilizer costs and improve crop yields and fertilizer use efficiency, thereby reducing the cost of agricultural production to ensure quality and safety of agricultural products, agricultural production and alleviate the contradiction between ecological and environmental protection For China to achieve sustained steadily increase grain production and farmers income has important practical significance. gate source counties Fertilization new technology since its significant economic benefits and significant. Therefore, soil testing and fertilizer to help Menyuan County project The implementation of soil testing and fertilizer to further strengthen the propaganda and implementation of technology efforts to enable more farmers to understand soil testing and fertilizer technology, the benefits of, and consciously accept the project in the county within the large area for agricultural production, create favorable conditions for peasants to increase income.

2.3 expanding the sources of organic fertilizer to promote the rational use of organic fertilizer
In addition to organic fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements in a variety, it also contains a lot of organic matter and therefore have to increase soil nutrients, promote soil aggregate structure formation, in particular, this type of hydrophilic colloidal humus, water more capable; and with the promotion of microbial activity, improve soil and protect the role of soil fertility, can make up a single application of inorganic fertilizer nutrients caused by a single, easily fixed and easy to lost of the soil, inorganic fertilizer and organic fertilizer with a reasonable, can also increase fertilizer efficiency. Therefore, to increase the input into organic fertilizer to farmers through various channels to solve production of organic fertilizer shortage. First, broaden sources of efforts to promote of straw, the straw field directly or through the abdomen herbivores had to field in order to improve the utilization and efficiency of straw. Straw and abdomen by herbivores had to field burning of straw due to not only solve the environmental problems caused, but also a significant increase in animal husbandry and agriculture, both economic efficiency. Second, to vigorously strengthen the building of rural biogas dual Cattle, not only for farmers with a lot of clean energy, the resulting slurry, residue after fermentation is the high quality organic fertilizer , which will effectively promote the agricultural, livestock products and by-products remaining in the safe production, but also greatly improve sanitation in rural areas. Therefore, in conjunction with "whole village", the construction of new rural development poverty alleviation projects, increase the gate source County rural roads, irrigation and other infrastructure facilities, for the gate source of the healthy development of agriculture in the county to lay a solid foundation.

2.4 to strengthen the scientific and rational fertilization of publicity farmers to raise the consciousness of the peasants scientific fertilization
Farmers in agricultural production in the fertilizer is not correct, explain in large part on the promotion of agricultural technology is not in place. Through various channels, using various means to strengthen the agricultural technology for farmers to disseminate knowledge and training. So that they fully understand and master the new technologies of agricultural production, raising awareness of the importance of protecting the ecological environment and improve the land, fertilizers and other agricultural products utilization required. should pay attention to soil testing and fertilizer application of new technologies, strengthen the guidance of scientific application of fertilizers to farmers, so that farmers truly scientific application of fertilizers and protecting the environment coordination and harmonization in order to achieve optimization of the ecological environment and sustainable development of agricultural production.


3 References
[1] Zheng Kaiyun. Chenggong County Soil Fertilization and countermeasure for the [J]. Yunnan Agriculture, 2008 (9) :33-34.

[2] Wang Xiangang, Lu Jia Wan, Raymond Wong Yue, et al. Jinsha County, the problems of soil fertilization and countermeasures [J]. Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2009 (13): 283,286.

[3] Yao Yongding. Orchard soil fertilization problems and countermeasures [J]. Shanxi Agricultural, 2004 (5): 28.

[4] An Zi Yan, bow Meizhen. Northern Problems of soil fertilization and countermeasures [J]. Farmer training, 2003 (7): 23.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com