Dongting town status and fertility of soil fertility measures

Abstract Dongting town status and barriers of soil fertility analysis, the countermeasures proposed fertilization to improve soil conditions for the Dongting town reference.

Keywords: soil fertility; the status quo; fertility measures; Anhui Guangde; Dongting Township

Dongting town south east of the city in the direction of Guangde County of Zhejiang Province, Anji County, adjacent to the township area of cultivated land 4 667 hm2, of which paddy field 1 333 hm2, soil types are yellow soil, rice soil fertility retention, side floating rice soil and so on. Among them, the paddy field area accounted for 28.6% of arable land, the low-yielding arable land area of about 60%.

1 Situation of Soil Fertility
1.1 The fertility level is not high, nutrient imbalance
According to the survey, the township Soil soil parent material because, in addition to traditional agricultural production and extensive cultivation, only do not support, leading to nutrient imbalance, most of the soil in the middle and lower middle-level position. According to statistics, soil organic matter in the middle level of the total area of 95%, 98% nitrogen, available phosphorus 7.41%, 7.14% potassium, available phosphorus level of the dominant five, four and five levels of available K in general, the soil available phosphorus than the soil survey 2nd time has increased, but the phenomenon is still more obvious deficiency of soil; the same time, soil K than the 2nd Soil Survey decline, potassium elements tended to be worse. fertility remains "less nitrogen, phosphorus deficiency, potassium deficiency "The situation [1].

1.2 Soil barriers more significant than in the low-yielding fields
Most cultivated soils in the hilly land, sloping, red valley. Table fields, farm fields majority. Quaternary red clay is the main development of yellow mud field, white pulp Tin. Land arithmetic, died of soil parent material, soil topography , farming and other human factors, the latent type of soil, rinse type of, type of deposition, cold soak and other barriers as the main type in low-yielding fields account for about 60% of the total cultivated area. particular type of white-washed pulp Tsuchida The proportion of major area, the general altitude of 50 ~ 150 m, far away from the village, farming, extensive management, and more for the "look Tian Tian", water shortages, poor soil structure, starch pulp knot holding capacity is low. general cultivation layer thickness In the 12 ~ 14 cm, bulk density of 1.2 ~ 1.4 g/cm3, porosity 51%, organic matter content 15 ~ 20 mg / kg, total N 7.50 ~ 11.64 mg / kg, available P 1 ~ 4 mg / kg, K 50 80 mg / kg.

1.3 The partial re-nitrogen fertilizer, fertilizer application and irrational structure
Increasing the amount of chemical fertilizer, only the high, 80 years from the 20th century with ammonium bicarbonate 300 ~ 450 kg/hm2 start to today with the compound 1 000 ~ 1 500 kg/hm2, plus urea 450 ~ 600 kg / hm2, some even more than 2 000 kg/hm2. The fertilization structure is not reasonable, re-application of chemical fertilizers, partial nitrogen, the bulk of applied manure crops are basically the phenomenon is not widespread. crop straw few users, the majority of farmers Select the crop straw burning after harvest maturity. green manure planting area is basically free. arable land decreasing organic matter, soil organic matter is not high, decreasing the relative content of beneficial microorganisms. lead to shallow cultivated soil, sediment pulp junction, soil acidification, soil structure change poor [2].

1.4 cropping high, increased soil load
10 years of rice - wheat or rice - oil as the main way of farming systems and very few changes in farming methods a single, extensive management, support is not only a common phenomenon; not accustomed to organic fertilizer on the farm, the slow growth of soil organic matter inputs , gradually increasing the load of soil, soil fertility decline. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download
2 fertility measures
2.1 flat land planning, creating demonstration zone
Integration of resources, increased capital investment in agricultural infrastructure, agricultural infrastructure to improve conditions and environment for the development of agricultural industrialization, the fields, Forest Road, drains unified planning, while supporting the bridge. Take full advantage of the slack season, a phased implementation of land leveling and soil fertility, the implementation of grid fields prescription, roads interlinked, ditch connected to facilitate agricultural operations, irrigation and drainage engineering systems with ease and achieve a comprehensive way, to eliminate "over paddy fields" and "string of flood irrigation" to increase irrigation, rotation irrigation, improve soil productivity the ability, sustainable and efficient capacity.

2.2 broaden fertilizer sources, application of organic fertilizer
Practice has proved that organic manure right solution Gengdi existing texture variation, compaction, acidification, topsoil Bianqian and other issues, has a positive effect can not be replaced. Dongting Town Organic fertilizer sources extensive quantity. First, full use of crop stalks. because of the high cropping index, straw yield is also large, the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients in high-effective, full content. increase the intensity of crop straw, can reduce agricultural production costs, but also fertility fertility enhancing the capacity of agricultural production has been increasing. Second, the integrated system of manure. With the rapid development of livestock industry, the corresponding increase in aquaculture wastes, to develop biogas, can improve the rural ecological environment, but also use biogas development of pollution-free agricultural products, improve the quality of agricultural products. Third, the use of weed free compost green trees, digging and pumping mud and straw, crop waste heat-pond fertilizer. Fourth, vigorously promote the introduction of commercial organic fertilizer. because of commercial organic fertilizer to overcome the manure, compost nutrient content is low Tong, volume weight, low labor efficiency, strength, low level of sound, causing pollution and other "three low three" problem.

2.3 Optimization of farming systems, crop rotation Huancha combined with support
First, change the oil or rice and other traditional rice cultivation methods, a reasonable standard, use either the development of grain fertility, multiple cropping, multiple cropping grain, economic crops, between the sets of mixed species cropping system and other forms of cropping patterns; the second is the development of appropriate melon, fruit, vegetables, beans and other cash crops, the implementation of-season planting, cultivation and other shelf-mode high-efficiency agriculture, while promoting fresh bean crops; third is the implementation of cultivation, etc. Simple and high-tech type of new cultivation.

2.4 to enhance fertility monitoring, scientific fertilization
The use of modern advanced Technology to monitor the dynamic changes of soil, according to changes in soil nutrients, crop fertilizer laws, formulate corresponding fertilization program [3]. Most of arable land for the local soil organic matter, total nitrogen and other nutrient medium, the phosphorus , the characteristics of low potassium in the fertilizer measures should be "stable nitrogen, make phosphorus, potassium, Adding manure," the principle, vigorously promote the formulation of fertilizer. According to the nutrient needs of crop growth, the choice of formulations of different crops fertilizer and chemical fertilizer and organic manure combined with practice, deep full-thickness giving facilities combined with basal and top dressing, fertilizer and combination of centralized and decentralized methods to improve fertilizer use efficiency and sustainability. [4] measures specific to the crop fertilization, recommended for rice planting areas (production 9 000 kg/hm2) 15 t/hm2 manure available about 45% of formula fertilizer (18-12-15) 375 ~ 450 kg/hm2. in the low-producing areas (production of 7 500 kg / hm2)-based organic fertilizer not less than 22.5 t/hm2, 45% formula fertilizer (18-12-15) 300 ~ 375 kg/hm2, urea 75 kg/hm2, zinc 15 kg/hm2, urea fertilizer tiller 150 kg/hm2, fertilizer urea, potassium nitride of the 30 ~ 45 kg/hm2, for the afternoon should be "increased nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, heavy manure." areas such as the low to achieve more than 2 250 kg/hm2 rape yield, the basal manure applied not less than 22.5 t/hm2, 45% formula fertilizer (17-14-14) 300 ~ 375 kg/hm2, SSP 300 kg/hm2, boron 15 kg/hm2, La fat straw mulch around Qimian 3 000 kg/hm2, 375 kg/hm2 about 25% of fertilizer, urea fertilizer bud about 112.5 kg/hm2.


3 References
[1] Zhang Honglie. Cotton Analysis of fertility and fertilization [J]. Xinjiang Reclamation Science, 2010 (1) :59-60.

[2] Lee, Xie Lihong, who will Rong, et al. Chengdu, total nitrogen status of soil and land management strategies [J]. Sichuan Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010 (1) :50-51.

[3] Liu butterfly, Li Xiaoping, Guo-Ping Zhao, et al. Shanxi primary status and changes of agricultural soils [J]. Shanxi Agricultural Science, 2010 (1) :73-77.

[4] Lu R K.. Agrochemical soil analysis [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press ,1999:125-195.

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