Electrical Safety Evaluation of Enterprise

ժ Ҫ] : [Abstract]:

Electrical safety for industrial enterprises to evaluate the current situation is a complex system of evaluation, which involves the contents of the more factors to consider broader. To establish the electrical safety system and evaluation system of evaluation factors is reasonable and scientific, related to the ability to of the evaluation of the role and function, which is related to the ability to improve the business by assessing the level of electrical safety, reduce electrical accidents.

�ؼ���] :������ȫ,��������,���۷��� [Keywords]: electrical safety, evaluation factors, evaluation methods

First, electrical safety and its evaluation

     Is the field of electrical safety and electrical safety-related science and technology and management Engineering. Including electrical safety practices, electrical safety, electrical safety education and scientific Research. Electrical safety is the goal of security, electricity for the areas of applied science. It includes the safe use of electricity and electrical safety, the basic theory is the principle of electromagnetic theory and safety.

     Wide application as energy, electrical safety has to be inclusive, regardless of the production areas, or areas of life, are inseparable from power, will encounter a variety of electrical safety issues. Electrical Safety also has integrated features, which not only closely related with the electric power industry, but also construction, coal, metallurgy, petroleum, chemicals, machinery and other industries are closely related to the addition, the existing electrical safety Engineering side, there are aspects of organizational management.

     Electrical safety assessment of the effectiveness and economic evaluation, including two aspects, this paper focuses on evaluating the effectiveness of electrical safety. The system of electrical safety and efficacy evaluation, evaluation from the perspective of electrical safety in all parts of the system layout is reasonable, the The electrical part of the security measures taken are reasonable, whether the coordination of the entire system of electrical safety of the existence of dead zones. that is the reality of industrial enterprises in the electrical system of identification of risk factors and to predict the thermal effect of the power, chemical effects, mechanical effects such as the likelihood of accidents and incidents caused by the consequences, which made electrical safety measures and corrective recommendations.

     Industrial enterprises in general, electrical accidents are electrocution, electrical fires and explosions, lightning damage, electrostatic hazards. But for companies of different industries, because of its raw materials, production equipment, production process and so different, not the focus of electrical accidents the same. such as oil unit for electrical safety assessment, due to fire, the explosion was a significant loss of accident-prone, so should electric fire and explosion, lightning damage, electrostatic hazards, as an evaluation priority. As for the mechanical plant, due to the metal workshop There coefficient, electric shock accident prone, so the focus should be as evaluation of electric shock.

Second, the establishment of the principles of evaluation factors system

To establish a sound, rational, scientific evaluation factor system, you must first understand the following factors to establish the evaluation system of guiding principles.

����ѧ�� 1, the scientific

Science can reveal the rules of development, people change the world as a guide. The establishment of electrical safety assessment factor system, it must reflect the objective reality and the nature of things that can affect electrical safety situation reflects the main factor. Only by upholding the principles of scientific , access to information that has the reliability and objectivity of the results of the evaluation to be effective.

��ȫ���� 2, a comprehensive

Electrical safety status of the enterprise is a comprehensive evaluation of multi-factor evaluation, in order to ensure this, the factors selected should be representative. Select from the evaluation should focus on all aspects of the object, although not necessarily the final evaluation factors identified in many However, the initial selection, the factors to be elected must be a little more thorough, to ensure that there is room for selection.

�������� 3, the feasibility

Evaluation factors established system should be able to facilitate data collection, to reflect the comparability of things, so evaluation processes and work as simple as possible to avoid the exhaustive, cumbersome and complex. Only feasible, evaluation of the implementation of the program easier for enterprises to accepted by the security sector.

���ɱ��� 4, comparability

For comparison, the evaluation factors shall be quantified. Both electrical safety, including electrical electrical safety technology and safety management, which has the dual nature of technology and management, evaluation of more complex objects, some of these factors difficult to quantify. But the thing is to pass a certain quality the amount shown, therefore, evaluation factors should be quantified as far as possible, only quantified in order to reveal the true colors of things.

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���ȶ��� 5, stability

Establish an evaluation factor system, the selected factor is the change have more regularity, and those influenced by the ups and downs of the factors of chance can not be selected.

Third, electrical safety assessment of factors

Safety principles that: in some cases, whether the accident occurred and the possible consequences of a great chance, but it has its profound reasons, including the direct cause, indirect causes. Accidents are social factors, management factors and production risk factors were triggered by the accidental consequences of the event, which is the integrated model of the basic viewpoints of the accident. Based on this view, these substances, management, environmental, and human reason to constitute a safety assessment of risk factors.

�������豸���а�ȫ�� 1, the inherent safety of electrical equipment

Industrial production requires a lot of electrical equipment, which is the source of electrical hazards brought about, and many opportunities for people in contact with them. Intrinsically safe electrical equipment directly affects the performance of electrical safety status of industrial enterprises. Therefore, in the evaluation of industrial enterprises electric safety situation, should the inherent safety of electrical equipment in an important position in the distribution of weight to be given priority consideration.

���������� 2, the electrical environment

Mentioned here refers to the electrical environment affecting electrical safety factors of the natural and unnatural. Natural factors that lightning and static electricity, non-natural electrical system due to drug primarily refers to the place of work environment factors, such as electromagnetic radiation, flammable explosive, high temperature, moisture, corrosion, metal occupies coefficient and other special places. Electrical safety environment on the electrical system has a pivotal role in electrical safety in the evaluation of the current situation of industrial enterprises should be put on the electrical environment, the more important position in distribution of weight to be given heavier consideration.

��������ȫ���� 3, electrical safety management

Electrical safety in the work of industrial enterprises is a comprehensive work, both the Engineering side, but also organized the management side. Engineering technology and organization and management complement each other, has a very close relationship. There is no strict organizational measures, technical measures are not reliable guarantee, there is no perfect technical measures, organizational measures is just a piece of paper. This shows that comprehensive measures must pay attention to electrical safety, electrical safety management work well.

Fourth, electrical safety assessment of weight distribution factors

��Ȩ��ȷ�����������ۻ��� 1, the weight method for determining the theoretical basis

     Factors in the evaluation system, evaluation of each factor to achieve the system objectives and functions of different degree of importance. The weight that the relative importance of each factor, or that another benefit of a benefit replacement ratio coefficient. Shows that the weight is comprehensive evaluation of the important information, should be based on the relative importance of factors that contribute to comprehensive evaluation factors identified. Based on information infrastructure, you can choose the experience of qualitative methods to determine precise quantitative data processing method and hybrid method to determine the weights. and these Methods common feature is the "contrast" and "than" get the accuracy and consistency is a key issue. "contrast" the right of the main method is the "least squares" method and the "feature vector" method.

��������ȫ��������Ȩ�ص�ȷ�� 2, electrical safety determining the weights of evaluation factors

(Delphi ) ������ר��ƾ��������,�����ж�ȷ��,���нϴ��������,���ɷַ�������Ȼ��һ�ֿ͹�ȷ��Ȩ��ֵ�ķ���,����������������,�����ڵ����������ض�Ϊ���Ե�����,���Զ��ڵ�����ȫ��������Ȩ�ص�ȷ������Ӧ���ö����붨�����ϵķ���. According to the above method for determining the weight analysis, Delphi (Delphi) method is an expert by past experience, the subjective judgments to determine, with greater subjectivity, although the principal component analysis is an objective method of determining weights to avoid subjective and arbitrary, but because of many factors for the electrical evaluation of qualitative factors, so for electrical safety assessment method for determining the weight factors should be a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.

V. Methods of Evaluation

     1965 �굮������,��Ӧ������һֱ������.ģ�����ǿ͹۴��ڵ�һ������,��ȫϵͳ�಻����.����ǰ�˽�ģ���ۺϰ�ȫ���۷������ڻ�����ҵ���������հ�ȫ���ۡ���ɽ��ȫ�������۵���ҵ�ۺϰ�ȫ������,��Ӧ����רҵ����IJ���,ֻ�������ڹ�ҵ��ҵ��ȫ�����,��û����Թ�ҵ��ҵ�ĵ�����ȫϵͳ���ۺ�����.��ҵ��ҵ�ĵ�����ȫϵͳ��һ�����临�ӵĶ����ء�����������ε��ˡ�������������ϵͳ.�����ϵͳ��,���͹�����IJ������м���ɽ׶γ��ֳ�"������"���ص���,�����˵�˼ά���ж�Ҳ����ģ����.����,���ڵ�����ȫϵͳ���ص�,�ڵ�����ȫ����������ģ�����۷��������˵�. Among the safety assessment, there is a relatively new and has attracted widespread interest is the fuzzy comprehensive safety evaluation method. Fuzzy Math since its inception in 1965, has been expanding its application areas. Ambiguity is an objective of a nature Security system is no exception. have previous fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for the chemical safety of the production process safety evaluation, safety evaluation of mine safety evaluation, etc., but not much used in specialized fields, saw the usefulness safety management in industrial enterprises, industrial enterprises is still not address the electrical safety system evaluation. industrial enterprises in the electrical safety system is an extremely complex multi-factor, multi-variable and multi-level man - machine - environment system. In This system, in addition to differences in objective things in the middle of showing a transition phase, "He also vital," the characteristics, there are people there thought and action ambiguity. Therefore, based on the characteristics of electrical safety systems, electrical safety assessment fuzzy evaluation method is appropriate.

     In addition, for electrical safety assessment methods are many, such as the safety checklist, preliminary hazard analysis, fault type and impact analysis, hazard operability studies, fault tree analysis, event tree analysis. In the actual evaluation of projects, using qualitative The fault tree evaluation method more, but due to constraints, evaluation of the content is not comprehensive enough, and combined with the actual situation of enterprises is not enough, so to some extent, the safety assessment meaningless. to enhance the comprehensive evaluation of electrical safety and on-site affinity, makes electrical safety assessment of both comprehensive and focused evaluation of ideas are envisaged as follows:

With electrical safety check list, the overall electrical safety of the enterprise level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, draw electrical safety level. For individual risk factors of major electrical technology to conduct quantitative or qualitative evaluation of the fault tree analysis.

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