Ming furniture design of the Application of Ergonomics

Abstract: Ming-style furniture in the shape, material, construction and above has reached a very high level, and by the Ming-style furniture in the many detailed design study in the design of the application of ergonomics .

Paper Keywords:: Rosewood furniture, design, ergonomics,
Introduction
In today's highly developed modern civilization, Ming furniture is still enshrined in national model for the designer. Ming furniture is unique in many aspects, not only has the "simple, thick, fine, elegant" art features, there tenon rich and rigorous structure, In addition, the application of ergonomics also let us later generations amazing. ergonomic design process of modern designers have become an important factor to consider consciously, it There are the following Research areas: anthropometric, physiological anatomy and psychology, the purpose is to make the products obtained in the use of efficient, comfortable, safe, healthy feel. Although human engineering in the early 20th century as a science presented by the system, people generally agree that this is the origins of human engineering, in fact, as early as several thousand years ago, humans manufactured items such as furniture, working tools, etc. have been reflected in the use of ergonomics. which clearly furniture furniture classics in the history as the world, and its application of ergonomics is reflected not only the wisdom of ancient Chinese people and the more worthy of our contemporary designer to study inheritance and development. The following main aspects to be discussed from the shape tomorrow furniture design, ergonomics applications.

1. Backrest modeling human-machine design
Ming-style furniture and more music in style with straight, curved and not bent, blending just soft, metaphor, beauty of Tolerance, which with the Chinese calligraphy of the "twists and turns" has a similar purpose. Through all kinds of straight, curve a combination of lines and planes generated by the transfer of the bump effect, not only increasing the level of furniture sense of physical space, but also enrich the line art in furniture design, expression, more importantly, in the ergonomic furniture to some clever design, Ming-style furniture such as chairs (Figure 1, (Figure 2. well known in the Ming-style furniture, chairs and Qing style furniture, the biggest difference is on the back. Ming furniture is mostly in the back of a chair was "S" shape and Qing style furniture, a chair to sit back and leaving it mostly right-angle 90 ��. So from the perspective of ergonomics, "S" shaped back is a characteristic curve is designed according to body craftsmen. human side of the spine , in the natural state was "S" shape. Ming craftsmen according to the characteristics of the back and spine adapted to make "S" shaped curve, and according to the human body the necessary rest after the inclination to make back with a near- back angle of 100 degrees. This processing results, one chair, back and chair back has a larger contact area, and muscle to get enough rest, resulting in comfort. sit easily feel tired. and Qing style furniture backrest angle is 90 ��, kept the people feel too "sat", so the body will soon feel the fatigue and discomfort.



Figure 1, curve back chair Ming 2, the shape and composition of the human spine
Fig.1 Ming chair back curve Fig.2 Spine shape and form of human body

Two. Handrails of the machine design style
Handrails are designed to be relying on the arm, so that the body is in stable condition, it also as a change in posture and movement from the chair to stand up and other pillars of the Ming Dynasty rose chair chair, official hat chair, chair and so on with armrests, ergonomic arm height generally requires people to the natural arm droop is appropriate, too low or too high will make people uncomfortable and can be seen from the table, armrest height of the Ming Dynasty in the design of chairs, and ergonomics required size is very consistent. Figure 3, which put Ming pear chair, smooth rounded shape throughout the arm, can make the arms naturally hanging on top, with "S" shaped or "C "shape of the back, people sat on the body can get all the relaxation, which is recognized by ancient and modern designers with the first chair.


Figure 3 clearly pear chair
Figure 4 Four out his early official hat chairs pear
Fig.3 Round-backed armchair of rosewood Fig.4 Ming-style four-speak out official hat
Figure 4 This is not a small size with armchairs, component is very small, curved arc transfer large, it is one of its features. Take the brain cut out the middle of the slope, a slight droop to the sides to make bend end and complex. Backrest plate high and thin, lean forward slightly from the lower reach for, turned out after the great bend to the top and bend forward, and take the brain phase. If you look from the side of the chair, hearted to see the body from the neck section of the curve of the buttocks . hind leg in the chair more than plate extension, complete with back plate bending turn. handrails are starting from the intersection with the hind legs, gradually bend outward so as to increase the seat space to the outer end inward and then External write, seated or standing order. Federal stick out the first bend, then inside, with handrails phase, intended to increase the seating is still space. forelegs over the chair tray extension, called "goose neck", first bend forward , and after re-closing, and handrails phase. more than a few members could not find one is almost straight. chairs offer the following major components arc not necessary again, but the head of the securities sub-mouth teeth, narrow lines of material soft, still very much coordination and upper [1].

3. Edge detail design of the human-machine applications
3.1 Zhuoan edge of the
Alice edge of the first case, etc. (Figure 5), more practical, because when placed on the case of articles, thanks to Alice without the constraints of the first slide easily from the side, in particular, to facilitate civilian use of scroll painting and calligraphy at the time when Shimoji not rolled. When Alice first component wrap the end plates when the tenon can be avoided exposure to the air may cause timber defects.


Figure 5, the first case, Alice Ming pear
Fig.5 Ming-style rosewood Recessed-leg table

3.2 The shape of handrails at one go
The chair will chair the end of the handrail loop slightly outward, make so-called "eel head" shape, has reduced the role of visual tension. According to Gestalt theory, a circle is not closed more than a complete circle of tension , often people have the urge to be closed. [2] But if not closed out at bending forward, can be formed out of the tension due to weakened tension of the original inward, more pleasant visual effect (Figure 6).



Figure 6, the bend end of the form of chair railing
Fig.6 Multrcurves of an armchair
Ming furniture line 3.3 foot stone check line.



Water Curb line is the line of Ming furniture used one foot. As used in Zhuoan meal drink, how much from the line along the edge of the desktop to prevent flow of soiled clothes and juice drinks, Ming-style furniture, the desktop can prevent the edge of the stone check line soup shed edge of the table. The details of the deal fully embodies the Confucian "statecraft" thinking and concern for human life. Figure 7, a waist-leg semi Table Kang Table show, these are two smaller shapes rectangular desk case. Jiuzhuo far bearing the Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty, commonly used in the banquet. Yangxian one more than the desktop edge, is the stone check line.

Figure 7 has waist half of the table
Fig.7 girdled half table
3.4 springboard comfort doorpost.



Ming-style chairs, many with a springboard doorpost, is designed to give legs to provide "rest" of the place, as shown in Figure 8, the top spot next pear, foot pedal can be used for rest, and not with the care mud pedal close together It may take if off, the detail of this wonderful deal to give Victoria the chair in the living soul.


Figure 8 out pear top spot,
Fig.8 Ming-style armchair
6. Shelf bed machine with Babu Bed Design
China has a history of civilization for thousands of years, in which thousands of continuous history, summed up the Chinese people a very scientific way of life. For example, China's old bed, is a very scientific products. This Bed collectively bed shelf. shelf bed ergonomics are very careful to consider: first, have a fence around, sleep on my heart was easy because there is absolutely no worries rolling bed. Secondly, both sides of the fence around the bed is designed to be better. It allows bed to sleep near the mouth of the people, the waist will not have the feeling of frustration. Third, the shelf bed to sleep in space narrowing, if coupled with Wai account would just like a hut. meet the Tibetan style of Feng Shui need to gather gas. IV, shelves, bed space, not only to increase the privacy of the bedroom, and keep warm in winter, summer can be mosquito. Figure 9, Ming pear-dong style door cover shelf bed.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com Babu bed, also known as eight-step bed, is the largest body of a bed. It is based on the shelf to increase the bed, with a positive light Gallery like the house. Babu bed unique in that an increase in the shelf outside the bed of a "cottage" from the shape seems to stand in a closed wooden bed platform, or "horizon" platform to the front two feet grow bed, platform corners of the column, set around a wooden bar, some still in the placement of small windows on both sides, forming a small gallery to bed, so bed to form a corridor, a small but may enter, who cross into the corridor as if entering the room, set the middle of a foot corridor, corridor on both sides can be placed on tables and stools of small furniture to place the debris. The beds form large bed with relatively independent activities, although the indoor use, but like a small independent house, light Gallery in by the side of the pillow, with dressing table, put the other side of the toilet. The bed on the lives of people at that time played a Many useful and convenient, in the past without bathroom, with Babu bed, bed for the night can not use the toilet, wake up, you can not dress Changing bed to freshen. Figure 10, Ming Babu bed.

Fig 9 out pear-dong doors cover shelves next Babu Figure 10 bed bed
Fig.9 Rosewood Four-poster Canopy Bed Fig.10 Ming Ba-bu Bed

7,. Ergonomic scale applications
7.1 The height of the screen is based on human vision based on height and design.



China's ancient architecture mostly civil structure of the compound form, as present and reinforced concrete housing so tight. To wind, the ancients began manufacturing screens this furniture. In addition to wind, the wall or building can be moved off every compact, there screens placed in the bed, but also for things and rely on, or used to hang. If (Fig. 11 Pear Ladies Concept treasure map screen, high 245.5cm, length 150cm, wide 78cm. The screen is a right, shape relatively large, exquisite carving, in addition to the dust cover on the wind outside the door, the screen can also be the heart of the painting as an ornamental products.

Figure 11 View of treasure map screen pear Ladies
Fig.11 Ming screen of Rosewood

7.2 Shelves class size human consideration.

Cabinet height, the height, opening and closing methods are used according to people's habits and physical size is determined. Frame the size of the second type are also large by the shelves of more than seven feet high, and adult body size relative fitness, not only to bring it easy book, but also appropriate for preservation of books, small aircraft can be placed a few on which to place "penholder and the red and black paint are", it is necessary to be so beautiful and the study was not messy, elegant and orderly. Ming Dynasty, the most popular Wanli a cabinet called the cabinet, because of the style popular in the Ming Dynasty Wanli Wanli cabinet is named, counters and cabinets for the frame grid combination, can display text on the play, under which goods store books. because of the bright cell permeable, also known as light frame cabinet. Height general Wanli cabinet will be slightly higher than the human eye a little bit, a little up lift of eyes, you can see its light frame of the. as shown in Figure 12, Ming Wanli pear cabinet.



Figure 12 Cabinet Wanli Ming pear
Fig.12 Ming Wan-li ark of Rosewood

7.3 out chairs for each component size.

If take the brain, handrails and other parts of the design, its size, linear change, the curvature of the corner, with the corresponding part of the human body is intrinsically linked. Chair half (back and lower (seats with the height of the formation of a very appropriate proportional relationship, the upper half (the height of the backrest when sitting in the back under the height of the development of the spine, and take a high degree of brain and head and neck flush, for relying on the head. lower (Desks is based on people's legs length to produce, and sometimes even design a pedal to use with seats with a comfortable height.

Ming-style furniture, also the application and reasonable proportion, and modern ergonomics Research results are consistent. Handed down through the physical measurement and found that the size of many of Ming furniture is very scientific, in particular the size of the key parts of the basic can match the data measured with the human body. as chair. chair seat depth 440mm, Seat width 532mm, and the ergonomics of the seat depth and seat width requirements of the basic agreement. seat height 520mm, high pedal 90mm, this is due to the Ming style furniture designed as a seat, legs, buttocks, back three-point, from the knee to the foot of the height of 430mm, also coincided with the ergonomics of the seat height 420mm-440mm fit the requirements, they are both simple, but also comfortable. like (Figure 13


Figure 13 Dimensions Ming chair
Fig.13 the size of Round-backed armchair of rosewood

7.4 Class Size bed in line with human scale.

In "<Superfluities & Driver"> Juan Liu - a few couch volume, the description on the furniture, not only describes a human scale, proportion, function and other factors, on the different shapes of furniture size is also documented "couch seat height Kamae, screen high-foot three inches more than seven feet long and horizontal three feet five inches. "machine engineering from the modern ratio of the measurement on the human body we can see that this size is clearly very much in line stretching bending the body needs for the applicability of furniture The greatly enhanced. (Fig. 14


Figure 14 Rosewood three independent board curtain wall bed Ocean
Fig.14 Three screens of Arhat bed of Red sandalwood

8. Conclusion
As the furniture in the history of a most brilliant pearl in the shape of Ming furniture is not only in line with the principle of beauty in form and in ergonomics also called scientific rigor, China's furniture industry is booming, in-depth understanding of and inheritance the fine traditions of our country, culture, the essence of furniture, for the promotion of Chinese style of the design world, taking its own path of national characteristics is necessary. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download