Protection of vulnerable groups in the Dynamic Mechanism of Government Innovation

Keywords: Vulnerable groups / civil rights / government innovation / participation

Summary: Local Government practice performance protection of vulnerable groups of vulnerable groups living in the establishment of security system and the establishment of mechanisms for protection of the rights of vulnerable groups, the relevant local government innovation and therefore showing a specific protection, policy environment, to promote the empowerment of the three level. Government Innovation is the dynamic mechanism of the composite pilot - experience - the system path to promote the support of the pursuit of political achievements officials, government departments vulnerable sector to consolidate and enhance the legitimacy of the need exists. both government and innovation, there are still not right to equal protection from and lack of defects such as citizen participation. The current dynamic mechanism of the protection of vulnerable groups have begun taking initiative by the government to put forward to the civil and social rights in the manner required the government to promote innovation and transfer.



Before reform and opening up, China's social structure is relatively simple, and no word of vulnerable groups, but the government there to take care of the object. (Mainly urban and rural elderly, orphans, extreme poverty, the disabled and victims and so on. Reform and liberalization, accompanied economic development, increasing population mobility in our society, social stratification refinement, structure and social structure of interest complex .2002 March, Premier Zhu Rongji at the Fifth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress made the <"Are Government Work Report>> the use of the "vulnerable groups" is the word, causing widespread attention at home and abroad. "vulnerable groups" into China's government work report, which means recognition of the social structure of China's lack of coordination, the development of improper configuration of power imbalance. as a relatively concept refers to all vulnerable groups to protect their legitimate rights and interests of disadvantaged social groups. But in this relatively disadvantaged groups which, there are some people in a more vulnerable position, and that the status of this more vulnerable difficult to change, these people belong to vulnerable groups of people to reach a consensus. (In China, the vulnerable population groups include at least five categories: first, the "three no" crowd, that is, "unable to work, no source of income, nor legal guardian ( maintenance, support) people, "the elderly, orphans and the disabled, and second, rural and urban poor, and the third, the city's unemployed, the fourth, migrant farmers, fifth, low-income retirees. which The first type can be called absolutely vulnerable groups among the other four categories basically are relatively vulnerable, the weak position that they are mainly the country's development of social differentiation and the result of both strategic choice is a byproduct of reform and opening. Many of them are under the original system but failed to contribute to share the results of the reform, they have a strong sense of relative deprivation, and the ability to change their disadvantaged position is limited. the protection of vulnerable groups, the Government's responsibility is essential to achieve national development strategies protect the bottom line. of protecting vulnerable groups in the dynamic mechanism of government innovation, the interpretation and analysis of China's reform path a useful perspective. As many of China since reform and opening up institutional arrangements essentially follow " local pilot - lessons learned - national system, "the path, therefore, the government said in this article are to the local government innovation and innovation.

First, the government to protect the vulnerable areas
Because people vulnerable consensus emerged after the reform and opening, China's government to be the absolute protection of vulnerable groups, while also continue to explore the protection of vulnerable groups in new ways to generate. From a practical perspective, the local government to protect vulnerable groups exploration mainly in the following areas:
(A) the establishment of vulnerable groups living security system and mechanism
Vulnerable groups living mainly in systems and mechanisms minimum living security. The traditional planned economy era, the content of people's lives and welfare of society rather than relying on the unit, with the deepening of the reform of state-owned enterprises, increasing laid-off workers in the city in the formation of a unit of the survival mode is abandoned in June .1993 social groups, Shanghai Civil Affairs Bureau on the basis of investigation, proposed the establishment of urban minimum living security line programs, the report to the city government agreed with the relevant departments issued a <"On the minimum living guarantee for urban residents the city line notice>>. when there were 7,680 urban residents have been through the system of basic living. (Countryside and Farmers TRUTH:" China's urban and rural minimum living security system has evolved process and the status quo, "set <" China International Poverty Reduction Center in China's poverty alleviation through development and exploration of the practice paper>>, 2007. This is the earliest minimum living security system is matched with state-owned enterprise reform, a government innovation. Minimum Living Security System in Shanghai, the production and the then state-owned enterprise reform and the socialist market economy-oriented economic reform is closely related to the reality that the market-oriented reform of state-owned enterprises requires a radical departure from the existing system of corporate welfare for life, the formation of the free flow of the employment system, but if there is no social reception mechanism, the enterprise personnel to leave the company, which means leaving a tube from birth to death for the survival of the "unit", which was the basic survival is difficult to imagine. and a minimum living standard security system to address the competitive burden of state-owned enterprises, and also to provide the basic survival of laid-off basis. Of course, today's Shanghai, it seems natural to introduce the innovation, but also with a strong local financial resources in Shanghai and at the forefront of reform and opening are closely related. This innovation opened in Shanghai in China's modern social security system, the first door, as a minimum living security system is open to all residents of the social relief system, and the "hungry people" different from the traditional poor relief, it is a comprehensive social relief system to safeguard the minimum a person dignity of life. Therefore, it includes not only quantitative periodic payments of Living on the protection of objects of gold, but also supporting each object Cereals, Oils and helping the vulnerable card to enjoy, children education, housing, medical care, and many other benefits. Since then, the minimum living security system from point to plane, and gradually move toward standardization and legalization. to October 1999, all cities have established residents minimum living security system, "" Urban Minimum Living Protection Ordinance>> implemented in the country.

Compared with urban residents, accounting for 80% of the population of rural residents living in the onwards the minimum delay much. But the minimum living security of urban residents in economically developed areas first, rural residents have the first minimum living in the economically developed eastern regions --- Xiamen, Fujian Province. Xiamen began to explore in 1997 the minimum living security system path from the cities into the countryside. next several years, Xiamen minimum living security system coverage from urban to rural areas, basic security urban and rural poor people's basic living. to July 1, 2004, China's first integrated urban and rural minimum living guarantee local laws and regulations <<Xiamen City, the minimum living security for the>> purposes, (China News: << Xiamen minimum living security for the>> introduction, http://www. china. com. cn/policy/txt/2004-06 / 03 / content_5578552. htm. explicitly provide subsistence allowances for needy households is the obligation of the Government rather than the government of a gift. to provide that "with permanent residents in Xiamen, the villagers, where family members live together city per capita income is lower than the minimum living standard, both from the local government access to basic household subsistence assistance rights. "funded by the Regulations guaranteeing that all levels of government in proportion to the burden, the" allocation based on real, specific management, earmarking ", and encourage social organizations and individuals as the minimum living donation, to provide financial assistance and provision of donated The fully integrated into the minimum living subsidy funds management. Three years later, the State Council issued the <"On the establishment in the country's rural minimum living security system notification>> that" we must adhere to government assistance and family support maintenance, social solidarity, personal self-phase integration ", no doubt draw on the experience of Xiamen.

If the minimum living security of urban and rural residents from the local government to explore the evolving common policies for the country is reflected in the general system, then, some local governments to explore mechanisms for vulnerable groups living sucked some of the principles established regime specific, local conditions of operation, or to fill some of the government transition to the community system - features a blank. For example, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, the "sunshine assistance" projects, Jia Lin, Siming District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, the street "love supermarket" and the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region "five guarantees village" and so on.

(B) the establishment of mechanisms for protection of the rights of vulnerable groups: the promotion of equal rights
If that protect the lives of vulnerable groups of vulnerable groups direct assistance and protection, safeguards the rights of vulnerable groups is to protect the vulnerable groups of the party. Local government protection of the rights of vulnerable groups of innovation is divided into three levels: The first level is the bottom line to ensure the equal rights of innovation, the second level is through the allocation of resources to ensure that certain social rights, equal access to both, and the third level is based on a certain organization or group rights mechanisms to promote particular ability to upgrade innovation.

The bottom line is that the so-called citizens of equal rights and content should be no difference in the program enjoy the Constitution and the rights provided by law. First, the equal protection of the rights of vulnerable groups to eliminate institutional barriers embodied in, the most outstanding performance is a lot of local government made the household registration system reform. local government household registration system reform made some success, there will be losers, but they reflect the equal rights protection endeavors. household registration system in urban and rural areas to create the basis of half of the social rights attached to residence inequalities between. reform and opening up, the population flow from rural to urban areas showing a one-way flow characteristics after the mid .90, many local governments, encouraging the migration of some policies, such as in the city business, investment, buy real estate, area of investment or purchase a certain amount, I can account to their relatives to move into the city. Urban separated dual system does not break. In recent years, some local governments within the existing system to make a larger reform initiatives , for example, account classification to cancel, cancel account privileges, reducing the threshold into the city to move into the city as a reward policy, and so on. even if there are so many changes, but the migration of household registration still not an easy thing, a lot already from the Tu hidden away for the immigrants into the urban population, the fact that their city to become immigrants, from actually changed the composition of city residents, but in employment, education and social security, etc. exists because of the obvious differences between the different treatment and that the edge of their social status in the city, and urban population in the same city once again to form a new binary social structure. In this case, in the past to small towns as the main road of the city being questioned, the voice of urban-rural integration Hidaka. Thus, some local governments began to explore the threshold of zero household migration. For example, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province in March 16, 2001 officially launched the household registration system reform, as long as there is in Huzhou city, legal permanent residence, stable employment or source of income, or join their relatives, whether farmers or migrant workers, regardless of where the previous accounts, as long as like, can be registered as Huzhou city accounts, Huzhou people to enjoy the treatment. (household registration system reform and Huzhou Changxing voucher below practices and systems mentioned in this article other local government innovation, such as no special instructions are from China Local Government Innovation Innovation Network database, http://www. chinainnovations. org /. This means that farmers and outsiders as Huzhou threshold of the public is zero, this completely dismantle barriers to rural-urban integration of urban and rural practices from virtually eliminating the identity of rural and urban population differences, creating a citizen with a meaningful precedent for freedom of movement and residence. As supporting measures, Huzhou City household registration system reform not only does not appear as later reform the household registration system in Zhengzhou City, when people are worried about the waves of immigrants swarmed in promoting local economic growth, made significant social benefits.

Second, the rights of vulnerable groups from the protection of the rights embodied in the text to the reality of the system protection mechanisms to achieve, through the allocation of resources to ensure that certain social rights, equal access to both. Despite the many rights of citizens in both the Constitution and the provisions of the law However, the lack of practical feasibility of these provisions, thus making civil rights in a relatively quiescent state. citizens are increasingly demanding requirements of the equal rights of citizenship from a static to a dynamic system of practical realization of the text. more prominent in this area is education, health care and pension and other fields. For example, the equal right to education requires a balanced distribution of educational resources, Changxing County, Zhejiang Province, began in May 2001 issue of four different types of school vouchers, and the establishment of "public system", "layers of review system" to ensure the voucher issuance process open, fair, just, to a certain extent, solve the education funding problem of closure and diversion, but also to ensure that government for the "education voucher" funding for all the back to education. It breaks through the traditional means of educational resources , the limited financial input to support the groups most in need (poor students) and areas (occupational schools, private schools) to ensure that each school of government to a balanced allocation of public funds, then, Zhejiang province to promote the "Education vouchers ".

Finally, some innovation is based on certain local government bodies or mechanisms to strengthen the protection of the rights of specific groups or to promote the rights of specific groups capability. From the existing situation, innovative practice in this area, there are two cases, one case the local government to address specific social issues by creating an inter-departmental cooperation mechanism on the rights of specific groups to be substantive guarantees, and the other the situation is mainly the government system of the "vulnerable sector" positive behavioral results. the so-called "vulnerable sector" is a relative concept, including the two types [1]: one is that the Government has the statutory power system structure or system for reasons not yet fully used, eg, Standing Committee, despite the highest authority of state component of the executive branch of government but for comparison, did not make full use of its powers, and the other is the lack of control power or the power of public sector resource allocation, which also includes two categories with respect to the government system sound fiscal and taxation departments for control of power, mainly in social spending or service functions of government departments, the other is included in public finances Gongqing Fu and other mass organizations. Although, strictly speaking, Gong Qingfu, etc. organizations have long been defined as people's organizations, mass organizations, government-run non-governmental organizations, etc. But in our political life, these organizations that carry many of the functions of government with the public, so in this sense, they should be regarded as our components of the public sector. "vulnerable sector" for its "weak" and will focus its innovative vulnerable groups of society, which is both in the political life of the importance of reshaping the role of the status of this sector, but also the maintenance of government legitimacy The strong political morality. so they are often able to get the innovation within the government and the public from the double support, reflected as a direct result of the energy for vulnerable groups to enhance and promote the right type of innovation, its impact is more far-reaching .

The first innovation is the situation of the local government for local governments to address specific social issues specific groups to create a cross-sectoral cooperation mechanisms to the rights of specific groups to be substantive guarantees. Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province in 2002 to help homeless the establishment of children begging, "Children's Protection Education Centre", Longhua District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, to foreign workers for unified management of the "foreign workers home" all belong to this situation. The second type of situation the local government innovation is the system of government in the "vulnerable sector" positive behavioral results. This is mainly to the majority of trade unions and federations. such as Zhejiang Yiwu FEDERATION OF TRADE UNIONS mode, Fujian Province, Quanzhou City Federation of Trade Unions of the new model of rights protection of migrant workers, Daxing District, Beijing Women's Federation The "women's rights Kong" and so on.

Second, the local government level for the protection of vulnerable groups, and innovative dynamic mechanism
Has been held for 10 years, China Local Government Innovation Awards program also shows all levels of government attention to the protection of vulnerable groups. In the first session (2001-2002) Chinese Local Government Innovation Award finalists in 20 projects, involving 5 protection of vulnerable groups, of which two won first prize, award winning accounting for 20% of total number of projects, in the second term (2003-2004) 18 short-listed projects, five projects involving protection of vulnerable groups, of which three received prize, accounting for 30% of the purpose of winning awards, the third term (2005-2006), the 25 finalists, 7 were related to protection of vulnerable groups, of which four won first prize, accounting for 40% of the purpose of winning awards [ 1]. Fourth (2007-2008) of the 20 shortlisted projects, 7 were related to protection of vulnerable groups, of which three won first prize, accounting for 30% of the purpose of winning awards. Fifth (2009-2010) Annual The 30 finalists, 6 were related to protection of vulnerable groups, including one won first prize, accounting for 10% of the purpose of winning awards (the example mentioned in this article are from the prize database). there's a lot of examples from the current view , the local government to protect vulnerable groups reflected in the different levels of innovation, and these innovations have a complex dynamic mechanism of support.

(A) three levels of local government innovation
The first level is the government directly through the creation of systems or policies providing specific protection to vulnerable groups. This is the most vulnerable groups to get direct protection of local government innovation and an area most likely to bear fruit. Minimum living security system, school voucher system fall into this category. Generally speaking, the level of a government in society - the political transition process re-understanding of the scope of government functions is the Government's social functions reflects the institutionalization of re-positioning. These innovative practices of vulnerable groups in the conservation into government responsibility but also for recognition of the rights of civil society, the individual citizen is responsible for the cost of their social welfare for the development of high economic growth path of the amendment. from the 20th century and the mid-90s, the government has recognized the high economic Construction of universal social welfare development and the necessary linkage between the following institutional system in the absence of a national case, local governments began to explore the protection of vulnerable groups and test-related measures, which the general system of rules for the national experience provides support for regulatory framework and blueprint.

The second level is the government policy environment, encourage community organizations to provide services to vulnerable groups. If Longhua District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, "foreign workers home," and so on. The Local Government Innovations in the existing institutional framework, the Government in the public to provide services to meet the general needs of ordinary people on the basis of special services for disadvantaged groups, whose purpose is to maintain a certain specific level of social welfare groups to reduce the state as the overall burden of the collection of people, and draw support for the legality of . Note that these innovations will not only help policy-institutional framework of principle who added this feature, but also because innovation brings the conservation and management of government resources, from all manner of operation to the results-oriented monitoring undoubtedly change advocacy and demonstration effect.

The third level is the existing system through the integration of resources within the organization to provide a channel to promote sexual and measures to vulnerable groups in the awareness and use of the corresponding rights of protection while enhancing the capacity of the channel. Shijiazhuang Children Protection Education Centre, Yiwu, Zhejiang, trade unions and Hebei Province Women's Federation launched Qianxi innovation belongs to the local government level. This level of innovation or is the government's cross-sectoral integration of existing resources, relevant education for disadvantaged groups, guide, or the trade unions, women's organizations based on their mass organizations historical strengths, with the ruling party organizations to integrate government resources, as vulnerable groups such as migrant workers, protectors and problem-solving platform for disadvantaged groups involved in providing legal channels for knowledge and to enhance its ability to protect themselves. of course, aware of and use of protection of the premise and objectives of the channels are vulnerable trust in government.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com (b) both government and innovative analysis of complex dynamic mechanism
Innovation in any organization can not do without a certain power, but power can not do without innovation. Reform and opening up the social - political transition innovation for local government mechanisms for space and power may be generated. Local governments and there is a change The official status of vision at the right time, it will in the complex dynamics driven by innovation. Specifically, this dynamic mechanism constituted by the following aspects:
First, the reform and opening up the pilot - experience - to support the promotion of the system path. Reform and opening-up strategy to encourage the decentralization of the central government on the basis of differences over the formation of the location to explore all areas of system construction.'s Strong economic growth, lack of will and rules real cause of reform and opening up the system construction process is relatively rapid, but commensurate with a characteristic that is strong and principled system of operational weak, weak political strong community. This system features a certain extent, of course, reduces the stable expectations about the future, but it gradually dissolves the planned economic system of mandatory, forming an inclusive flexible system of various test space, with local governments around the actual bold experiment, lessons learned, the central government that the time is ripe to formulating a general policy of general application or system will cure these experiences. This trial - the experience - to promote the institutionalization of the path not only promote the rapid development of China's economy, but also from the political to the economic and social areas of local government to explore and innovation to provide a positive encouragement. Therefore, since the mid-20th century, 90 years, with many of the social nature of by-products of economic restructuring such as the gap between rich and poor, vulnerable groups and other traditional institutional framework for the emergence of the reach of new factors for increasing attention, but also a lot of experience in local government at the national level for the local institutionalization of a system construction growth.

Second, local government officials to pursue achievements. It is precisely because the institutional framework of principled, local differences and relatively large, local governments as long as not contrary to politically correct to connect the development of local conditions to take measures on the local, which is actually local government officials to conduct relatively large space to their ambitions, to solve the problem. performance of local government officials to pursue the government management responsibilities based on the understanding and the pursuit of personal values to achieve the ideal situation is that officials in the pursuit of personal values and the promotion and government duties on behalf of the public interest have been achieved. to provide direct protection of vulnerable groups or by empowering the rights of vulnerable groups to enhance capacity, both strong political and moral foundation and strong sense of social psychological basis, the pursuit of personal values and government officials public interest point of .20 with a good mid-90s after the economic restructuring brought about many products such as the wealth gap, social stratification and the subsequent emergence of vulnerable groups, economic development and social environment negative effects began to increase, growing social contradictions, and linked with political stability, which means more and more top-down government management by the "vote veto" of the constraints. In order to reduce the direct impact of promotion the risks of constraints, some local government officials have begun to attach great importance to vulnerable groups and vulnerable groups and related social problems, thus the introduction of specific policies, measures or through certain technical means to protect vulnerable groups, and local citizens Thus the harvest is the right to enrich society.

Third, the government departments to consolidate and enhance the weak legitimacy of the needs of existing departments. If the performance of local government officials is that officials will pursue more personal goals into the Government target, then the protection of vulnerable sectors and vulnerable groups to take innovative behavior is based sector in a changing society in transition and beyond to explore fully the continued existence of the legitimacy of the effort. the relative imbalance of power between departments as well as differences in the problems facing the government itself makes the existence of differentiation, trade unions, China Women's Federation and other organizations as an integral part of the macro system of government, apparently quite far from the center of power, so feel the impact of social change and the resulting sense of crisis in the survival and development department of the stronger. This sense of crisis the reality is these vulnerable sectors offers the possibility to find innovative breakthrough. with the trade unions, women's federations and other disadvantaged sectors is different is that, as the highest authority of the People's Congress, the reason why more and more attention, it is the increasingly prominent civic awareness of the performance - - the highest authority is facing pressure from civil society, this ever-increasing pressure to people's congresses and their standing committees play their role, therefore, some local People's Congress made the empowerment of civil and political rights through innovation also increasing.

The three together constitute the local government innovation complex dynamic mechanism, in which the achievements of local government officials to pursue the heart of this dynamic mechanism. This dynamic mechanism to local economic - social development and the maintenance of legitimacy by the local government officials The Pursuit of Political closely linked to the formation of an objective to promote the protection of vulnerable groups. On the whole, local government innovations have contributed to social and economic coordinated development, but it is worth noting that: on the one hand, both Although some governments are based on public interest, innovation and maintenance carried out, but more of these innovations on the local government officials, government officials based in the public interest as the main result of extraction and maintenance, in other words, the current existing local government innovation Display: local government has the innovative words, the agenda and process, and promote local government innovation --- the main body of citizens is still not fully demonstrate its subjectivity. On the other hand, the vulnerable sectors of the protection of vulnerable groups that, in the continuous and deepening the reform, the disadvantaged sector is facing challenges to survive the reality of the legality of trade unions, women's federations and other government departments constitute the innovation system, in fact have raised the issue of organizational socialization, which is on the executive of the mass organizations expression of social interests and their organizations, the trend function in the government system and the crisis facing the marginalization of the reaction. these disadvantaged sectors "down to earth" in the empowerment of vulnerable groups through the rights of citizens to enhance the capacity to play a huge role in promoting.

Third, the new trend of government innovation power
Innovation from both the trajectory of the local government perspective, government protection of vulnerable groups showing such changes: first, the protection of vulnerable groups, the frequency began to direct non-recurrent vulnerable groups into the lives of aid to vulnerable groups conventional system of protection. Secondly, the concept of protection of vulnerable groups began to shift from the love utilitarian concept of government responsibility and citizenship. Third, the protection of vulnerable targets of state-owned enterprise reform from the safeguard measures started to change the welfare system for the whole society as a whole Construction. These changes are not protecting vulnerable groups from the beginning revealed, nor is the set of reform and opening up national development strategies, but with the reform and opening up from the "trial and error" changed the direction of exploration Construction of the macro-perspective from the national attention the political, economic and social development of the strategy arising from the change.

(A) the current government's lack of protection of vulnerable groups
Any innovation needs to overcome many obstacles, the local government innovation presented here the protection of vulnerable groups is not to criticize the lack of local government doing a good job, but for the future of government innovation to provide a reference to plans for vulnerable groups, local government context can play in promoting innovation on the basis of citizen empowerment will help countries build process.

First of all, the source of the protection of vulnerable groups, innovation has not yet become the mainstream of local government innovation. Protection of vulnerable groups is a fundamental protection of the rights issue, with the ultimate goal is to promote the comprehensive development of man as man. In other words, if a society vulnerable groups are not protected, then the civil rights of vulnerable groups is not complete, the overall development of society is not healthy. the source of innovation and the first is to safeguard the equal rights of all citizens. In other words, the protection of vulnerable groups should be beyond the weak groups, equal rights for all citizens from the start to be considered. Although both the local government has made some innovations in the empowerment of performance, but including vulnerable groups, including equal rights for all citizens still need a viable system of universal and channel protection, and that these systems should be protection and easy access to and choice of channels. From this sense, the protection of vulnerable groups of the local government there is still much room for innovation. Second, the protection of vulnerable groups is also the source of innovation is to provide protection for vulnerable groups, do not be labeled "This is the vulnerable groups" label, but rather the protection of vulnerable groups into the capabilities of civil rights were, and dilute its "vulnerable" to preserve its dignity. both Some innovation in the summary of some of the local government experience in protection of vulnerable groups, the emphasis on these groups of "vulnerable" understandable, but as a man must have from the equality and dignity to carry out "to weak" improvement. Therefore, both Although the local government innovation protection for vulnerable groups provided more equal rights and substantive equality both channels, but the empowerment of vulnerable groups remains to be further protected.

Secondly, the right to participate as a tool for protecting the interests of vulnerable groups not included in the protection of vulnerable groups among the core systems. People will be able to address through its participation in the rights, and cherish the right to exercise their rights. In some places from the National People's Congress, government meetings to the grassroots elections are also to increasing emphasis on the participation of all citizens, these are a welcome enhancement capacity of civil rights reform. However, participation of citizens from the content can be divided into specific topics of government involvement, and start the specific issues raised both compared , the former is more frequent participation, although the frequency of the latter than the former, but more important, because whether the issues raised and start showing citizens the right to choose whether and size. both of the Local Government Innovation Citizens are starting to focus on specific issues of government involvement, but this participation by the Government to determine the issues, the program itself by the Government to determine, in some places into the legality of local government behavior, "serves" in the form. in particular to the interests of vulnerable groups in decision-making in the government given due attention in the implementation process to obtain a balance of interests, but also to raise awareness of the rights and obligations of civil awareness and promote social harmony.

Finally, institutionalizing the protection of vulnerable groups and local government officials, the inevitable connection between the pursuit of performance has not been established. Performance evaluation determines the career development of local government officials, therefore, local government officials to pursue depends on the performance evaluation of performance indicators and methods , and terms of office of officials to some extent, the pursuit of the performance of officials showing a short-term effects, which for the institutionalization of local government innovation in itself cause some difficulties. protection of vulnerable groups, such as economic development is not as easy to measure, "no trouble" often used as a measure of a local politics - an indicator of social stability, protection of vulnerable groups can to some extent well as local politics - social stability factors icing on the cake. In this context, as long as the existing performance evaluation system failed to protection of vulnerable groups as indicators of the content of people's livelihood, or the protection of vulnerable groups in the performance evaluation system and stability of trivial or merely linked, then the protection of vulnerable groups, the institutionalization of the local government level would be difficult and a real collusion between the social rights of citizens together, and If you can not be collusion between the social rights of citizens together, the results of the protection of vulnerable groups may be: the public is difficult social policy from dependence on the Government to turn those into the use of civil rights for government performance. In addition, local government officials bound the pursuit of performance, but also the method to break the closed nature of performance evaluation and increase openness factor, adding the public's evaluation, development and citizenship to be able to maintain a balance between the pursuit of official performance.

(B) the transfer of innovation and dynamic mechanism
Innovation from the existing local government to some extent alleviate the disadvantaged vulnerable groups, also contributed to the development of social rights of citizens. But note that if the disadvantaged vulnerable groups to achieve fundamental change, or that such a weak Buzhi Yu into absolute weakness, just is not enough to rely on government innovation, innovation is not the government protect the vulnerable groups are the fundamental driving force, the real power lies in vulnerable groups and civil society on the proposed requirements. Thus, while the protection of vulnerable groups Government is still to play and must play a leading role, but the civil action of individual and social forces has become increasingly important. before all instances have been mentioned above reflect the dynamic mechanism of the protection of vulnerable groups began to take the initiative by the government initiatives innovation and social protection to citizens transfer, and the rapid development of communication technology is accelerating the transfer process. This shift reflects the principal basis of public interest, the prominence of the citizens, on the one hand is the radiation effects community for Government Innovation, on the other hand also the human spirit and civil society began to reveal growth performance.

From the development of worldwide civil rights laws of view, nothing less than the two cases. One case is the generalization of the Government as a civil society initiative to implement an integrated strategy, such as the protection of workers early in Germany is to the workers of this relatively vulnerable groups within the initiative include equal rights to avoid large-scale class conflict strategy selection. In other cases, the strong request of the Government and the citizens have to fight for certain rights under the universal, in this case, citizens made the claim there are three main ways: first, the revolutionary class struggle and even violence. Second, be excluded from certain rights to organize themselves outside the group, using methods of social movements to express the claims of society and government. The third the public domain in the conversation and discussion, debate. For this reason, Informed and participation has emerged as the interaction between civil and public rights the foundation of the government focus on the protection of vulnerable groups should be shifted to the right is also protected. In reality, Although the "from the masses, to the masses" has long been the work of our government one of the important magic weapon, but in a longer period of time after the founding of this magic use and adapt the planned economy era, more and moreƫ�������϶��µ�;��.�ĸ￪�ź�,������ȡ����֧������չ�����ķ�ʽҲ������ȫ��ʱ��͸�����͹���֪������˫����ս.20����90�������,�ط��������ϴ���ͽ������ֹ�������;��.������Щ�ط��������µ�ֱ��Ŀ���Ǹ��õ�ʵ��������ͼ,���䲻�ݺ��ӵĸ���Ʒȴ�ǹ���Ȩ����ʶ��Ȩ������������,���,�ⷽ��ĵط�����������һ�ֵ��͵ĸ�Ȩ�ʹ���,��Ч����ͬ�ĸ￪��һ��,�Dz������.��Ҫע�����,����Щ�ط�����������,�����"�����"������Ա����������Ƶ���ͨ��ṫ�ڵ�Ȩ���õ���ʵʵ��,�ӳ�Զ��,���ڴٽ����������Ȩ��ƽ�����ɾ�����Ҫ����.�����ʡ�������˴�ί���������������ƶ�,����ʡ�ߺ�����������"��������"��վ��.��Щ�ط������ڴ���̽����ץס�˹���Ȩ��Ҫ��Ȩ����ת��,�������˹���Ȩ���ں�,Ҳ������Ⱥ����Ϊƽ�ȵ�����Ա������,Ϊ����Ⱥ�����Ч������ȫ�幫���Ȩ�����������ṩ�˷���.���,�ڼ��еĵط��������¸��϶���������,�Ѿ���ʼ���ֹ������ụ�����¶�������.�����µĶ������ƽ�ͨ�����������IJ��ϴ���,�ӿ��ƶȻ�����,��һ���򿪹������;��,��ǿ�����Ȩ����ʶ��Ȩ������,̽��������Ⱥ�����������ϵ�Ȩ������·��,�ٽ����ĺ�г�ȶ���չ.




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