Accountability relationship with the audit responsibility

(Summary) This paper analyzes the accountability relationship with the audit responsibility to raise awareness of accountability and responsibility for the correct understanding of the audit, and as a CPA, Beishendanwei, the judiciary and other relevant parties the basis for guiding practice.

Accountability and audit responsibilities are a pair of both are closely connected, and the differences between the concept of practice, there is often relationship for both understanding and misunderstanding, in theory the responsibility of accounting and auditing responsibilities to discrimination, have important practical significance.

First, the accountability relationship between the accounting and auditing responsibilities responsibility means accountability of the main activities of its accounting practices and accounting consequences of responsibilities, including the establishment of sound internal control system to protect the assets of the security, integrity and a true accounting information , legality, completeness. The audit is the audit responsibilities of the main responsibilities in the audit process should fulfill their responsibilities and the audit reports issued should bear the responsibility, that in accordance with the requirements of Auditing Standards issued by the independent audit report to ensure that the audit report the authenticity and legality. The responsibility of accounting and auditing responsibility to contact each other, there are also differences. accounting responsibility and consistency of audit responsibility mainly for two aspects, one is the existence of fiduciary responsibilities of accountability and responsibility arising from the audit common premise. According to modern Economics and management theory, after the separation of ownership and management, between the two entrusted with the fiduciary responsibilities of the formation, the owner is only entitled to important matters of business decision-making power and dividend rights and no right to interfere internal management, the enterprise should be responsible person or the legal representative of the property owners do well administered continuously to increase the value, at the same time, but also after the end of each fiscal year by the accounting report shows the performance of their fiduciary duty situation.

But the accounting report expressed the fulfillment of fiduciary duty is the case, the objective need to be confirmed by an independent third party, such other fiduciary relationship created - the audit relationship, entrusted to certified public accountants, based on auditing standards, on the operators to review the fulfillment of fiduciary duty, and confirm the audit report issued to fulfill the audit responsibilities, we can see, the existence of fiduciary responsibilities of accountability and auditing responsibilities as a common premise, but because of the audit activity is to fulfill the responsibility of accounting confirmed cases to be reviewed, so the performance of audit responsibility to fulfill the accounting responsibilities of the main accountability is a constraint and promotion. The second is the responsibility of a wide range of accounting responsibility and the object is a common feature of audit responsibility. responsibility for the object that is responsible for the problem, market economy, accounting information has become an important social resource, the national macro-control and decision-making based on micro-enterprise, is to evaluate the management and operation, to prevent risk and financial risk management, inspection and supervision of the basis of Economic behavior , the main accountability is responsible not only for investors but also creditors, government departments, trade unions and individuals, and raw material suppliers, product vendors and other stakeholders responsible for, even though the Law was mainly targeted the responsibility to protect investors, creditors, , government departments, but for any enterprise, in order to market economy in the competitive environment of continuous development and expansion, to be recognized by society, so that it can Recruitment, sales, supply of materials has made certain advantages, for which the parties to the community to provide the necessary information, including accounting information, to obtain the community's concern and support is very important, therefore, enterprise workers, the general public, raw material suppliers, product vendors, financial analysis and advisory bodies and other accounting information users may become the object of accounting responsibilities.

Similarly, the object is not limited to customer audit responsibilities, including dependency and use of accounting information and decision-making of the third party audit opinion, that the creditors, government departments, enterprises and trade unions, insurers, consulting services and other public institutions, the West Certified Public Accountant profession have a proverb: "the public is the only CPA Principal" Motz. Sharaf, published in 1961 <<auditing theory structure>> forth to the CPA, "not only to his client and trust in his responsible for the opinions of people, and as a professional expert, they should be on the economy and society has a bounden duty. "aptly describes the CPA is responsible for the public the salient features of, in foreign countries and the relevant Laws of China, on the diverse audit responsibilities are related to the provisions of the object, practice, third party sued by investors other than the accounting firm's court case and its jurisprudence has become commonplace, we can see, accountability and audit responsibilities on the question of who is in charge has the same characteristics . responsibility for accountability and audit differences mainly in three aspects, first of all, responsibility for different subjects. accounting responsibility is assumed by the unit, our newly revised <"Accounting Law"> states: "The people responsible for this unit accounting and accounting information, the authenticity, integrity, responsibility, "" financial accounting and reporting should be in charge by the unit responsible for the person in charge of accounting work, accounting department (accounting officer) signed and sealed, the unit chief accountant must also be signed and sealed by the chief accountant, "and so on, clear accountability for the unit responsible for the human body, but also clearly relevant to the work of accounting staff in performing accounting duties should bear the responsibility. audit responsibility is undertaken by the audit and based on agreed audit report issued by the accounting firm and CPA commitments. Second, the responsibility of a different nature. accounting for the purpose of preparing financial statements, fairly reflect the financial position, operating results and cash flows, is mainly responsible for the correct accounting policy choice and accounting methods, fully and completely the responsibility of reflecting the Economic and business enterprises. Beishendanwei audit objective was to evaluate the appropriateness of the choice made to evaluate the authenticity of financial statements, the fair sex, the responsibility is mainly responsible for forensic evaluation, the former is accounting information the "producer" responsible for organizing the production of targeted products, which is the inspection of accounting information, responsible for inspection of targeted products, the two are two completely different responsibilities. Links to free Research Papers Download http://www . hi138.com
Again, the responsibility for the content different. Accounting responsibilities include selecting and applying appropriate accounting treatment, to maintain complete accounting records necessary to establish a sound internal control system to protect the assets of the security, integrity and authenticity of accounting data, complete , legitimacy is responsible, which, truth is the actual accounting should be based on business transactions took place, truly reflect its financial position and operating results, legitimacy refers to the financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting standards and other relevant financial and accounting regulations requirements, that is, to ensure the quality of accounting statements, Beishendanwei responsibility. contents of the audit responsibility requirements in accordance with auditing standards issued by the independent audit reports, audit reports to ensure the authenticity and legality. which reflect the true authenticity included , three aspects of verifiability and neutral meaning, refers to the audit accurately reflects the report should reflect the true scope of the audit the auditors, the audit basis, audit procedures have been implemented and the audit opinion to be expressed; verifiability refers to the post can authentication, requires well-founded, context aware, other certified public accountants can be required in accordance with established procedures and methods for re-processing of audit evidence, and access to the same conclusion; impartial audit opinion is expressed to be without any prejudice or prejudice influence on the fair presentation of financial information of all important information herein are disclosed. Legitimacy is prepared and issued audit reports must meet the CPA Law and the provisions of independent auditing standards, we can see, the two are two different aspects of the responsibility. Finally, the responsibility of different metrics. measure to determine the degree of fulfillment of legal accountability accounting standards, accounting standards and other relevant financial and accounting regulations, determine the audit responsibility to measure the degree of fulfillment of legal standards is Certified Public Accountants, the independent auditing standards and other relevant Laws and regulations.

Second, accountability and audit responsibilities discrimination practical significance accountability and audit responsibilities of the relationship indicates that, although both have the same features, but can not be replaced with each other, we should neither be due to their common and confusing and should not be due to differences And too much emphasis on one party ignored the other. correctly understand and distinguish between accountability and audit responsibilities for all parties concerned to eliminate the misunderstanding, the work is important to guide practice.

1. Beishendanwei helps to strengthen the sense of responsibility to further regulate the accounting practices, improve the reliability of accounting information. In recent years, according to media disclosure of information, accounting fraud is enough to stare, because this lack of its own units to be audited responsibility to learn the fuzzy, be held criminally responsible for Joan and the source of the former chairman of MA Yu confessed false accounting, but he still refuses to accept that "we all do so, and why do I only caught" can be represented Typical mentality of counterfeiters .2000 July 1, despite the national implementation of the New "" Accounting Law "> further defined the responsibilities of each unit of accounting, however, the major accounting fraud still occur, indicating that the sense of accountability of the main indifferent eyes of the parties. In addition, there is some shift responsibility Beishendanwei adverse psychological, that the product (accounting information) is qualified or not, thanks to Inspector (CPA) examination, as long as the test pass, the products that emerged after the factory quality problems, is dereliction of duty inspector, we will pursue the responsibility of testing links. This attitude will shift the responsibility to use their own limitations and audit oversight of certified public accountants desperate, fueling the fraud of the wind. The correct understanding and distinction between accountability and audit responsibilities, the audit unit helps to be clear leaders and their own accounting staff responsibilities, accountability, and consciously accept the accounting and regulations, improve the supervision of accounting and accounting standards, thereby enhancing the reliability of accounting information.

2. Helps to enhance the CPA's responsibility, to further standardize the audit reports to improve the level of audit practice. While certified public accountants in the audit process will be accountability Pishendanwei engagement letter written to the audit and audit report, and asked to be the trial Statement of units issued to show the emphasis on accountability, while the audit engagement emphasizes the limitations of the book and the audit opinion of the "reasonable assurance" role, but these measures to guard against liability risk should not only prevent the commitment undertaken by CPA audit responsibility, and not reduce their share of audit responsibilities, as an excuse to shirk responsibility, to avoid liability risks, the best way is strictly in accordance with professional standards, regulate professional behavior, care practice, only a correct understanding and effective implementation of audit responsibilities, the registered Accountants business made significant progress is possible.

3. Contribute to the judiciary and the public reasonable assurance that certified public accountants audit responsibilities, and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Since the 20th century, since the mid-60s, the world of CPA litigation against a sharp increase, known as the CPA " litigation explosion "era. Our legal action against the CPA began in recent years though, but showed a rising trend year by year. CPA may be due to the accused's responsibility CPA may also be audited entity's responsibilities differences may be due to user awareness. How reasonable assurance Gefang responsibility to do justice, to grasp and separate accountability and audit responsibility becomes particularly critical. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138. com
Practice, by the "deep pocket" theory and the jurisprudence of the Court will often increase the CPA's legal liability, therefore, the theoretical problem was not the only profession for concern. Clearly two kinds of responsibilities and their relationship to the judiciary reasonable to determine the liability of certified public accountants to provide the prerequisite, and can reduce the public's misunderstanding of the audit, certified public accountants to maintain the legitimate rights and interests.

References
1. Wanghai Min. To the unit responsible for the accounting staff to write papers and Economic Analysis of Responsibility. Modern Economic Science, 2000, (3)
2. Ge Shu, Liu Feng. Accounting Introduction (2nd edition). Lixin Accounting Publishing House, 1999-08
3. Xie Rong waiting. Chinese CPA career development strategy. Lixin Accounting Publishing House, 2000-01
4. Dynasty Ye. Of accountability and audit responsibilities. Hubei audit, 2000, (4)
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