On the indoor environment of residential renovation design of pollution control

Paper Keywords: management science and engineering project management of residential indoor environmental pollution control decoration
Abstract: residential indoor environmental quality and human Health has a very close relationship with domestic renovation works for the current status of environmental pollution, of Le indoor environmental pollution caused by the reasons put forward in the decoration and design, should focus on the rational design of residential ventilation , the choice of green decoration materials and control material usage, so indoor environment to control and reduce pollution.

1 Introduction
In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economic construction and people's living conditions, especially the improvement of living conditions have been greatly promoted China's rapid development of residential renovation market. At the same time, the decoration of indoor environmental pollution caused by problems attendant, seriously affecting people's quality of life and good Health In 1987 the World Health Organization (WHO) report states: In the residential new construction and renovation, about 30% of people suffer from indoor pollution caused by the "sick building syndrome ", headache, dry cough, nausea and odor allergy. the current international environmental experts have a number of indoor environmental pollution as the following type of coal smoke pollution and oil pollution after the third generation of pollution.

2 residential indoor environmental pollution
Indoor pollution is indoors various physical, chemical, biological and radioactive substances harmful factors of human existence and spread of harmful physical and mental Health and the phenomenon of the production process.

In China, in recent years, environmental pollution caused by indoor growing number of civil disputes, causing the state and the relevant ministries and attached great importance to .2001 in December, China announced <<civil engineering indoor environmental pollution control> "(hereinafter referred to as norms) This is the first time in our construction and renovation projects involving indoor air pollution control norms, "<Specifications>> clear the atmosphere, formaldehyde, ammonia, benzene and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) as an indoor environmental pollution control object. Subsequently, developed countries also has released a <<interior decoration materials, the standard limit of harmful substances of indoor air quality standards >>,<<> "and" The "Green Building Rating Standard>> and so on. These norms and standards, to control the indoor environment from the source pollution has played a larger role. but subject to the norms, standards promote the use of the range and level of economic and other factors, the current caused by the decoration of indoor environmental pollution problems in our country, especially in central and western regions are still very serious.

3 Analysis of indoor environmental pollution
Environmental pollution caused by indoor decoration for many reasons, including the unreasonable design, decoration materials, unqualified, improper construction methods as well as people's awareness of indoor environmental quality testing has not yet formed and so on. Therefore, the residential renovation is a system of environmental pollution control project, from decoration design, construction and completion of the entire process of testing and other aspects of pollution control. including interior design, residential renovation, is fundamental to the decoration of the control of environmental pollution caused by the source.

First quarter of 2009, Sichuan Environmental Monitoring Center under the <<indoor air quality standards>> of 15 newly decorated apartments in Chengdu indoor air formaldehyde, benzene and total volatile organic compounds detected. Test results showed: air quality excellent, exceeding the levels of pollutants were not only two, accounting for 14%; indoor formaldehyde pollution exceeded 9, accounting for 60% of the total, the highest pollution is 3. 32mg/m3, beyond the standard limit ( 0. l0mg/m3) 32 times; benzene contamination exceeding only one, accounting for 7%, the highest pollution is 0 .18mg/m3, beyond the standard limit (0. l lmg/m3) 0. 6 times; total Excessive pollution of volatile organic compounds and 13, accounting for 86% of the total, the highest pollution is 5. 63mg/m3, beyond the standard limit (0.60mg/m3) 8 times. testing showed that the majority of new residential indoor formaldehyde and total renovation volatile organic compounds pollution is serious, caused by these two pollutants exceeded mainly due to unreasonable use decoration material design, a single material use and greater use of composite materials caused. testing also found that most residential airtight strong, small windows can be opened, indoor ventilation, resulting in the decoration of pollutants generated diffusion and dilution is not easy. It can be seen, decoration design for the control of indoor environmental pollution sources of the key role.

4 control the design of indoor environmental pollution
Decoration decoration company is the consumer or the overall structure of the house, layout and material design. To control and reduce indoor pollution, decoration design should focus on interior design of the ventilation design and selection of materials both measures.

4.1 The design of indoor ventilation
Rational design of residential ventilation, enhancing ventilation, fresh air dilution Yong indoor outdoor environmental pollutants and improve indoor air quality, indoor pollution is to reduce one of the ways most convenient and effective. In general, fresh air more on people Health, the better. domestic and foreign many studies have shown that lead to "sick building syndrome" is an important reason for lack of fresh air. Indoor Air Quality and Climate International Association, Indoor Air journal editor, Professor Sun-dell 160 buildings in Sweden Research, found that the greater volume of outdoor air, the occurrence of "sick building syndrome" and the smaller the risk (Figure 1).


Fresh air is the supply of fresh indoor air. Fresh air is based on the concentration used in most countries to determine the basic method. And the body's metabolism is related to the gas exhaled by people in the 4% to 5%, while the volume of outdoor air standards in accordance with the body's physiological needs, to make room in the 0.1% concentration limits, you must ensure that fresh air per hour to 30m ..

In order to ensure adequate fresh air indoors, in the decoration and design of ventilation in buildings should be fully considered. Ventilation, including natural ventilation and mechanical ventilation in two forms, which is not only low-cost natural ventilation, and ventilation is better than mechanical ventilation. Therefore, in the decoration design of buildings should be as natural ventilation design Baoliu, doors and windows for the setup of ��ǽ, natural ventilation should be considered, preferably in the design of the formation of "Chuantang Feng", keep indoor air through to speed up air flow Daizouwuran air ; do not ask for some privacy and a room can be converted into active partition into a transparent type or design of folding shelf; In addition, it is best not to block the indoor artificial ventilation, such as enclosed balcony, to increase housing partition and so on.


For the kitchen, bathroom, storage room and other functions of the room, because often there is no better natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation can be taken, such as setting the exhaust. Exhaust should be directly exhausted to the outside, can not enter the indoor cycle.

4.2 The design selection of materials
Indoor decoration materials is the main source of pollution, the failure is caused by indoor decoration materials, air quality standards in the third quarter of the culprit .2007, Trade and Industry Bureau in Sichuan province in some areas of distribution of laminate flooring, coatings were quality monitoring, the sampling of laminate flooring 40 batches, 18 batches of qualified, a pass rate of 45%; random coating of 40 batches 15 batches of qualified, pass rate was 37.5%. 2007 November, the Shanghai Industrial and Commercial Bureau of Shanghai circulation adhesive quality monitoring carried out for testing, adhesive 30 batches of 15 passing, passing rate was 50.0% in August 2008, Trade and Industry Bureau of Wuhan City Wuhan City Construction professional market in the sale of decorative materials, 50 batches of PVC pipes, sheet metal and paint a special glue for quality monitoring. Monitoring results show that the overall pass rate was 28%. Among them, the board pass rate of 35% pass rate glue coating 30%, while the PVC pipes pass rate was 10%. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com integrated all over the country informed on the detection of decoration materials, excessive levels of pollutants and physical properties of non-compliance failure in the current common problems decoration materials. In the face of the building materials market missing Fang Liang, and how reasonable choice in decoration design decoration material for indoor environmental pollution control is particularly important.

4.2.1 the amount of the principle of drawing materials
Advocate simple design, to reduce the amount of all kinds of decoration materials, reduce the cumulative effects of pollutants, is the decoration of indoor environmental pollution control is an important measure. Simple design is in accordance with the simple, practical principles of design, not design some flashy, a waste of resources, but also affect the daily lives of comfort, decoration items.

Decoration design, should also be noted with the use of a variety of decoration materials, such as floor and wall materials is best not to use a single type of material, since the use of larger, if you select a single material harmful substances can cause excessive indoor .

4.2.2 The principle of selection of materials
Decoration material of choice is reasonable or not, is to control the indoor environmental pollution sources, another important measure. In the design process, the selection of materials to consider two things: minimize the use of serious chemical pollution of the material, such as solvent based paints, chemical fiber carpets, glue, MDF and so on; more use of inorganic materials, inorganic materials, most of them are harmless, safe, such as a variety of glass, metal, cast iron and so on.

In the selection of inorganic non-metallic decoration materials, artificial board, paints, and adhesives and other common materials, according to the relevant national norms, standards, requirements for residential renovation design selected in line with national standards of green decoration materials.

(1) renovation of inorganic non-metallic materials such as stone, ceramics, gypsum board, etc., must comply with the <<Specifications>> required limits for radioactivity. Residential civil engineering as a class, using radioactive indicators must be limited to A class decoration material. Some natural stone design choice to pay particular attention, in general, the acid igneous rocks in the intrusive rocks such as granite, with higher levels of radioactivity; sedimentary rocks in the clastic sedimentary rocks, such as shale, radioactive content of higher than other stones. granites and shales are suitable for residential decoration materials selection.

(2) artificial board, including plywood, block board (commonly known as Daixinban), fibreboard, laminated wood flooring, etc., is caused by renovation works of the main sources of formaldehyde pollution. In the design selection panel, be sure to use the free formaldehyde content and release plate for the E1 class; the same time, the house door is best not to use composite materials Daixinban or nine PCT board to make, try to choose a good product processing plant door.

(3) mainly by the cement base paints, pigments, fillers, solvents (or water) and the composition of various additives, generally used for interior walls, ceiling, doors, windows, furniture and other surfaces, is used in larger renovation materials. according to whether the use of organic solvents into water-based coatings and solvent-based paints. solvent-based coatings used for wood, metal surface finishing, contains large amounts of volatile organic solvents, the larger of indoor environmental pollution, it is best not to choose. waterborne coatings for The water is thinner, so the volatile content of less harmful substances. the amount of the larger interior wall paint, latex paint can be used such water-based paint, but also suggested the use of water-based wood finish Wood.

(4), adhesives and coatings, mainly by the cement base material, filler, solvent (or water) and the composition of various additives, adhesive bonding after the material covered, toxic gases, not the delay in distribution, so the indoor environment hazard is greater than the coating, must be strictly selected. in ensuring the normal function of the premise, try to choose low toxicity, low amount of harmful gases volatile solvent-based adhesives and water-based adhesive. residential renovation should not use polyvinyl formaldehyde adhesive (glue 107 .)
4.3 Design Implementation Effect
Will control the indoor environmental pollution in a decorative design principles to residential interior design company, in the company from February to May 2009 to undertake the renovation of 10 residential projects, follow these design principles in the design of a conscious taken measures to control the indoor environmental pollution for the owners of .10 household decoration design company environmental pollution control programs were agreed, and eight owners in the project is completed, according to decorate the company's proposal to hire a professional indoor environmental quality testing institutions of indoor formaldehyde, benzene and total levels of pollutants such as volatile organic compounds were detected. test results showed, in addition to a residential indoor formaldehyde and total volatile organic compound content slightly exceeded, the remaining seven residential indoor formaldehyde, benzene and have not exceeded the total content of volatile organic compounds. This fully shows the test results, as long as the use of rational design decoration, complete control of indoor environmental pollutants may be limited to the relevant national standards.

5 Conclusion
Although our current caused by the interior decoration is very serious environmental pollution problems, but as public awareness of environmental protection, from the beginning that the decoration of indoor environmental pollution control, and regulate and improve the construction process, extensive quality testing completed, I believe In the near future, and less polluting "green" renovation will be able to enter millions of households. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download