On the environment protection and energy of composite diesel

Paper Keywords: diesel compound
Abstract: The system introduces the mechanism of diesel compound to study the preparation and application Development.

1 Overview
Diesel is a complex water and diesel equipment through the compound and compound complex formed by water in oil (W / O) emulsion. As early as 100 years ago, had some neat diesel, but since then Technology of diesel mixed with water low level of income was not enough and the oil crisis is not highlighted other reasons, leaving the diesel-water mixing Technology is the slow Development of the state .50 end of the decade, due to environmental needs and the oil crisis and other reasons, diesel mixed with water before application of Technology to obtain attention. to the 70's, diesel water mixing techniques into the practical stage of Development. the United States, the former Soviet Union, Japan and other industrialized countries compete with water in diesel Technology as the key national Research and Development projects, means a compound composite diesel mixed with water, compound Technology, composite devices, surfactant, complex combustion kinetics and mechanism of its wear and corrosion resistance of the internal combustion engine and the standardized, commercialized, and many have done a lot of experiments and in-depth study. A number of studies: oil and water mixed fuel can greatly improve the emission pollution and save fuel. At the same time, diesel fuel for internal combustion engine combined with water not only does not increase corrosion and wear problems, but can play a role in cleaning agents, can reduce engine maintenance costs. At present, the world of fuel mixed with water technology, an unprecedented increase in professional organizations, patent literature and academic papers have sprung up. In Japan, the United States, Germany, diesel compound has already sold as a commodity, has developed the third generation or fourth generation. Japanese franchise composite oil The Summit launched the H-106, H 107, a compound product, sold to Southeast Asian countries. Throughout the neat diesel technology in the past and present, it has shown great vitality.

2 Composite diesel energy, reduce pollution and principles and complex mechanism
2.1 diesel compound energy, reduce pollution and principles
2.1.1 "micro burst" effect (secondary atomization)
Currently, most domestic and international energy experts believe that diesel is a compound within the emulsion of tiny droplets of "micro-explosion" effect arising from or called secondary atomization. Microburst is a high temperature environment, there are two or more vaporization of volatile liquids of different cause. As the rate of diffusion of liquid is limited, poor stability of the liquid will cover the surface, resulting in droplets rapidly warming. Once the temperature reaches a certain limit overheating of components, micro-explosion to will be accompanied by a continuous bubble generation and nuclear larger occur. microburst role is to raise the activation energy of oil droplets on the surface. composite diesel oil-water (W / 0) emulsion, the Foreign Secretary for the diesel in the water phase. As higher than the boiling point of water, oil, so when heated to the boiling point of water is always the first and boiling or evaporation. When the internal pressure exceeds the oil droplet surface tension and the environment and time pressure, water vapor leaving the oil droplets to break through the resistance to film explosion , the formation of more small droplets. explosion of the oil droplets smaller, therefore more complete combustion, so as to achieve energy savings.

2.1.2 Chemical effects
The literature on the complex chemistry of the oil combustion studies put forward the importance of the water gas reaction fuel pyrolysis due to the carbon particles, water vapor reacts with CO and H2, so that combustion of carbon particles can improve the combustion efficiency and reduce smoke in the smoke and dust content. composite diesel engine combustion chamber at high temperature and pressure conditions, chemical reaction, due to the presence of water in the oil complex, that may produce a lot of OH "groups, making the elimination of carbon deposition reaction () accelerated, so as to achieve the purpose of lowering pollution. There are other documents used to explain the proposed composite view of the oil energy reduce pollution, such as mixing effect, stripping effect, improving the ratio of fuel and air mixture to substantially reduce the excess air coefficient reduce nitrogen oxide () production and so on.

Composite Mechanism 2.2 Diesel
Diesel is a complex regular diesel, water, surfactant, cosurfactant composition. Diesel fuel and water are the two mutually immiscible system, as water in oil emulsion, water is dispersed as tiny droplets of water to make In the two-phase exchange is stable enough to use surfactant. diesel emulsion stability can compound two factors: First, reduce the interfacial tension of water in oil, that reduces the Gibbs function, is conducive to the stability of emulsion existence; Second, the molecular compound of diesel for directional adsorption at the interface to generate a certain mechanical strength of the film, to prevent the merger of dispersed droplets together. Since the emulsion droplets of molecular Brownian motion for non-stop, often with each other collision, if the intensity of interfacial film smaller interfacial film in a collision merge easily break up into droplets. Therefore, diesel compound requires two or two or more surfactant complex formed, this complex mixture of diesel interfacial film formed by agents with higher film elasticity, the formation of the emulsion is relatively stable. current diesel compound formula based on their structure can be divided into five types: �� There alkyl sulfonate type anionic, alkyl acid salts, alkyl sulfonate Cai class, fatty acid soap, alkyl sulfonate acid, vinegar, etc. Fair Park; �� a simple cationic amine salts, quaternary ammonium salts, etc.; �� a non-ionic fats, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid vinegar, vinegar and fatty acid sorbitol; ethers, such as fatty alcohol ethoxylates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene sorbitol fat; phthalocyanine amine, such as alkyl phthalocyanine-based ethanol amine, etc.; $ two types of ionic shuttle acid, sulfuric acid type, acid type, etc.; �� a natural water-soluble polymer-based glue, starch derivatives class, cellulose, synthetic water-soluble polymer class and so on.

3 Composite Preparation and properties of diesel
3.1 Selection of components based on compound formulation
(1) oil-oil group and the compound has a similar structure combined effect. Miscibility under similar principles, requirements compound the structure of the hydrophobic groups and the more similar the structure of the oil the better. Structure more similar to diesel , the interface and the stronger the adsorption, so that you can make water interfacial tension is much lower, but also to make interfacial film strength, which is like stability. According to the performance of a variety of active agents were selected by the final choice with the major components of diesel organic acids with similar molecular structure and the compound and the.

(2) the effect of mixed compound is often effective than single compound. In order to form a stable complex solution, requires compound not only significantly reduces the surface tension of water, and oil-water interface in the formation of a solid protective film. Some of the surface material activity of large, can significantly reduce the surface tension of water; Although some surface-active substances is poor, but particles in the water around the formation of a solid protective film. choose a similar molecular structure of these two types of surface-active agent, put them together to can learn from each other, to achieve better combined effect. Therefore, the use of a more surfactants prepared microemulsion additives, compared with single surfactant prepared by adding additives are more stable microemulsion. therefore adopted the use of mixed surface active agent and additives for composite formulation.


(3) Assisted Surfactant Microemulsion formation is an indispensable component. The general emulsion was mainly due to the formation of compound in the oil / water interface adsorption, forming a tough protective film, while reducing the interfacial tension, the oil (or water) easily dispersed. But in any case there is still the interface, thus the existence of interfacial tension, so this system is unstable. if coupled with a certain amount of polar organic people can not be reduced interfacial tension measurement level; after the formation of a stable microemulsion. assisted microemulsion surfactant is an indispensable component of the formation, which in addition can reduce the interfacial tension, but also can enhance the mobility of interfacial film, make the interface easier to bend the membrane, conducive to the formation of microemulsion.


3.2 Selection of the Formula compound
Despite these theoretical basis, but on the specific compound to determine the various components, there is no mature theoretical model to measure the complete guide, we must rely on experience and testing practices to determine the actual combined effect of each component. Therefore, the depth of detailed experiments choice is particularly necessary.

3.2.1 Reagents
�� main compound works: by the organic acids (acid value 123.3KOHmg / g) and the reaction of alkali solution is made.

�� compound n: non-ionic surfactant, Shanghai Volkswagen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., viscosity: 1 000 a 1 400mm2 / s;
�� cosurfactant: alcohol, Jinan Chemical Plant, purity of 98%.

3.2.2 Experimental procedure
Test through a lot of preparation to study the compound effect of various components, and ultimately found the right formula compound. The formulation compound found in anionic surfactants in the proportion of the majority, rather than the ionic surfactant only 8% of the active agent, which makes the preparation of the compound greatly reduce the cost of diesel.

�� compound of the sample preparation. 5lg added to the Erlenmeyer flask organic acids, plus people 8.5g alkaline solution, oscillation 15 min, until after the reaction, the addition of 6g compound II, 3g additives, covered with cork, Then hand the conical flask method of oscillating a variety of material is completely mixed. at room temperature, put it aside until the bubble burst, that is, by compound.

�� the preparation of the expansion of the compound sample. Erlenmeyer flask followed by the addition of 510g of organic acids, 85g and 60g alkaline solution compound II, 30g additives, and then prepared by the above method to get the expansion-like compound. The cone bottle compound standing for some time on the surface of the bubble completely disappears, and the flask by hand and no vibration until the bubble is about to fly it takes about 3h. At this time touch the tapered sidewall has been cooled to room temperature and set aside.

3.2.3 experimental phenomena
�� In the process of addition of alkali solution, we found the solution to foam on the surface.

�� flask in the oscillation process, felt the bottle wall is hot.

�� In the oscillation process, the white foam on the surface, and with the combined dose, foam layer thickening.

3.2.4 Experimental results
From the above experimental procedures are organic acids containing 74% (by mass), alkali solution, 12% (mass fraction), containing compound 11 was 9% (mass fraction), with additives of 5% (mass fraction) of the compound. The agent is completely transparent to brown oily liquid, no special bad odor, good stability, starting from the preparation so far (six months) without any change. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 3.3 diesel compound preparation
The formula for this compound using the above for the preparation of micro-diesel compound in the same laboratory conditions, were prepared for a composite sample of diesel test and expand the test.

3.3.1 Test

Preparation methods were weighed with a balance of a certain amount of water, agent, oil (0 # diesel oil) by a certain sequence added to the beaker, stir for some time, standing, observed that the homogeneous system for the transparent liquid, continue to increase person, one drops, repeat the above operation until the system so far appears muddy. muddy and then take the system exhibits the first drop of dosage as the final dosage micro-EC, EC re-formulated as described above. EC prepared from samples just remove the part of the The One 250m1 with ground stopper of the Erlenmeyer flask, save to observe how its stability.


2 preparation of the results
3 Results
�� It can be seen from Table 2: 6% in the water for a 20% compound 10% a 21%, the EC can be formed. In particular the oil-like 1, 2 oil samples, oil samples and oil samples 3 4 and 6, oil not only the formation of EC-like speed, and the formation of the EC transparency, and good stability.

�� tests to prove: in the test sample prepared in the compound, to expand the test, the compound can still achieve the diesel, which indicates that the composite capacity of the agent did not change. But also in the composite sample test can be dubbed diesel water oil, agents of the ratio, in expanding the test can also be dubbed in EC.

3.3.4 Composite cry oil indicators (like 4 for example)

4 Development of China's combined diesel and Research
Composite Technology Research of China diesel late start, the rapid development in recent years, has developed a number of good studies of the complex compound formulation and a hydrophilic lipophilic compound value (H LB value) and other properties, and foreign technology ratio, there is no reaction, using a variety of surface active agents are mixed together, formed only in the compound of the formula is slightly different. The compound formula consisting of diesel common features are:
1) non-ionic surfactants as the main compound about 80% efficient. This non-ionic hydrophilic surfactant is polyoxyethylene group (). The general said the EO chain. The ether oxygen can metal catalyst complex, enhance the catalytic activity.

2) low boiling point combustible organic matter, such as acetone, toluene, acetyl nitrate, n-hexane and so on. The aim is to reduce the ignition temperature, easy engine starting.

3) Other auxiliary compound, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate and so on. Through the surfactant mixture, to improve composite performance.

Future composite diesel technology may be focused on several directions: �� the bio-oil renewable, biodegradable and its good exhaust performance, diesel and bio-oil (vegetable oil or animal fat) mixed with water complex. �� compound in the selected area, you can use the composite better performance but relatively less expensive cationic surfactant or high temperature decomposition of biosurfactants. �� from the application point of view and diesel should be closer to nature the development of micro-diesel compound. �� related R & D institutions will be introduced effective magnetic composite device, reduce the dose ratio of water to improve the composite rate. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download