Supervision of the whole process of electrical engineering

Abstract: The essence of the Construction Supervision Construction Supervision, the paper proposes the implementation of the whole process of electrical Engineering supervision, the first paper in the Supervision of the implementation of the role of the whole process, and the whole process of supervision on the implementation of the existing problems and countermeasures discusses the analysis.

Keywords: power the whole process of supervision, project management, personnel training

0 Introduction
Since the reform of the construction area, construction supervision system in China has experienced pilot, development and full implementation of the three phases of construction quality assurance, and promote social and economic development played a very good effect, but currently only carried out during the construction phase supervision, can not truly provide the owners with feasibility analysis, project planning, bidding, cost management consulting and other train services. This compared with developed countries, there is still a gap. practice round for the whole process of the Commissioner of China's national conditions are conducive improve project management level, ensuring the quality and Investment efficiency, standardize the order of important measures to the construction market, and are conducive to international standard.

1 Concept
The whole process of power Engineering construction supervision, investigation should include the project design, construction, project delivery and maintenance of the whole process of the warranty period. For a complete specification in terms of systems Engineering projects, are essential to every aspect of . However, from the present situation of electric power construction supervision of view, limited to supervision of the construction phase of work is also the one hand, owners of the supervision at this stage, especially the importance of design and supervision work is not enough understanding. On the other hand, supervision the professional quality and professionalism is also restricting the overall supervision of the implementation of the design. At present, engaged in the supervision of the staff are mostly engaged in construction of origin, on the design of more unfamiliar, can not do design and supervision work. In addition, from the current construction supervision of the state relevant laws and regulations, provisions that, also mainly for the construction phase, the design phase of the supervision of no clear surveillance specification, the design supervision of nowhere. design is the process of building the project a very important stage . many owners that have a special institute to do the design industry, no need to spend money to commission supervision. In fact, in many cases, some of the works of different design, it will have a completely different economic effects, and supervision can To some extent these deficiencies.

2 main points
2.1 The survey phase of the project investigation stage of the construction supervision work includes: the preparation of investigation required to assist owners to select investigation unit, verification inspection program and oversee the implementation and the corresponding control, participation and acceptance survey results. This phase of the total cost of the process of supervision Reference rate: 3%.

2.2 Construction of the project design stage design work is the source, the level of design quality, not only determine the project's use of functional, structural safety, but also determines the level of Investment efficiency. The main task of supervising work are: the preparation of design requirements to assist owners Select the design unit, organization design scheme selection of the design units coordinated management, monitoring contract performance, review the design schedule and supervise the implementation of the outline design and design verification of the depth, the use of technical specifications and reasonable, we present the design evaluation report (including optimization of the verification phase of the views and suggestions to help review the design shall (budget Investment. monitor and verify the point of departure from the objective of the survey and design supervision can eliminate sloppy design, designed to avoid losses and waste, designed to correct quality problems, control of design changes, select the most optimal design has played a good guide. This phase of the total cost of the process of supervision Reference rate: 10%.

2.3 The construction stage the construction phase is the focus during the entire construction project and key, if the design is the soul, the construction is a large body, there is also a need for the whole process in the construction phase, a full range of supervision, its main task is the Engineering Investment in building control, quality control, progress control, for contract management, Information management, independence, autonomy, and fairly coordinate the legal person and the relationship between construction, give full play to the functions of supervision engineer organizations, services, functions, control functions to protect the works according to plan effective, high quality and economically successful. The reference period the proportion of the total cost of the process of supervision: 85%.

2.3.1 Quality Control. Quality control is the core content of supervision, construction quality control goal is to work through effective quality control and specific quality control measures, Investment and progress in meeting the requirements of the premise, to achieve the intended project quality objectives. power construction Engineering supervision unit should be based on relevant laws and regulations, standards and regulations, contracts and construction supervision of construction quality management firm on the rules and regulations, through document review, process checks, witness, next to the station and parallel to the inspection visit Supervision means the whole process of construction quality control, to achieve "zero defect" the transfer of production, striving for quality engineering. Contents include: a review of the project the contractor is a quality inspection division to review the quality system contractor, to review the contractor personnel and special types of posts with qualified, pre-control and review of raw materials, witness samples of various materials, engineering materials, components and parts, equipment inspection, equipment inspection out of the box, on-site and review the transfer of custody of measures, key process for site supervision, sub-segment construction, the key processes and concealed work, always check original records of all kinds of construction, quality assessment stage, the quality of the project will affect the regular inspection of metering equipment, unqualified term follow-up examination, management and treatment, quality of incident investigation, management and treatment, the organization completed pre-acceptance and eliminating defects, and to ensure timely and successful completion and acceptance by the higher authorities to urge the completion and acceptance of the flats to submit Information.

2.3.2 Schedule Control. The goal is to control the progress of the project progress through effective control of the progress of work and specific control measures, Investment and quality in meeting the requirements of the premise, and strive to make the project duration does not exceed the actual plan period. Progress control of the whole process Supervision includes: According to the contract and milestone plan, the preparation and progress of the network, to urge the contractors progress the preparation of two networks, review the progress of the contractor's control measures, tracking the progress of implementation of the plan, the progress of analysis will be convened to develop pre-control and corrective measures Scheduling will be held on-site progress and urge the construction unit balanced construction.

2.3.3 Investment Control. Project Investment objective is to control the Investment control through effective and specific Investment control measures, the progress and quality to meet the requirements of the premise. Strive to make the actual investment project does not exceed planned investment.


Include: assisting in the preparation of tender documents and to determine the successful tenderer, contracts, audit the annual investment plans, leading to the use of funds, the construction plan review process, labor plans to review the contractor's investment in the completion of the report, the quantities measured, to approve Project Payment certificate, signed review design changes and other engineering changes, to help owners of claims management, reduce investment risk, assist in the transmission line corridor relocation compensation fee negotiations, confirmed that assist in completion of clearing, settlement payment made comments.

In recent years, transmission line corridors demolition compensation costs account for an increasing proportion of investment projects, how to reasonably control the costs of demolition and resettlement has been the difficulty grid project cost control, focus. Supervision units should call passively wait for ideas, ideas, positive assist the owners, the construction unit cost of compensation negotiation, review, sign and acknowledge the work of the line of investment control implemented.

2.3.4 Security Control. Safe, efficient electric power construction projects is an important goal, mostly due to power building in the wilderness, the construction is complicated, coupled with the construction unit driven by the maximization of economic benefits, security incidents have occurred, and therefore must enhance the strength of the construction safety management. safety is the eternal theme of construction, there is no security there is no quality, no progress, investment control has lost the foundation for engineering safety control goal is to eliminate the artificial construction of unsafe behavior, do not matter security status, the environment of insecurity and management deficiencies, to ensure that no danger, no accidents, not to cause personal injury and property damage. Contents include: the establishment of safe and civilized construction assurance system to review contractor safety assurance system to review the Construction Organization ( program design, security objectives decomposition, various stages of development of preventive measures to organize regular, irregular construction site safety inspections, supervise the handling hidden problems and rectification. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2.3.5 contract management. the construction unit with the parties involved in the construction supervision contract is one of the bases, the task of construction project contract management is based on law, policy requirements, the use of the guidance, organization, examination, assessment, supervision and other means to urge the parties according to law signed a contract to actually perform the contract fully, promptly and properly handle disputes and contract disputes, lost no time in a reasonable claim, prevention of violations, to avoid economic losses and ensure the smooth realization of the contract objectives, including: the establishment and implementation of a sound guarantee system contract to oversee the parties participating in the construction contract to achieve the objectives and requirements, and fully coordinate the relationship between the parties participating in the construction and ensure the smooth implementation of the contract, tracking the implementation of contracts, contract change management procedures to establish and effectively control the number of contract changes ; control budget control, contract conditions and technical requirements for a variety of disputes for business processing, review payment applications, in accordance with the contract, the contract price paid to do the work.

2.3.6 Information Management. Engineering Information, is an important basis for supervision, supervision in the implementation process of the supervisors do a good job at any time for Information to mobile phones, sorting, processing, storage, transfer, and application. Interests of the information to predict, identify problems and continuously on the project planning, decision making, enforcement and inspection, to project targets the process of feedback, to take timely measures to ensure the project goals.

2.3.7 coordination. Coordination of construction projects through consistently in the whole process, it is to do the work of construction supervision is an important content. Co-ordinate not only the level of supervision of professional and technical personnel, theoretical quality, political responsibility heart, is also necessary organization and coordination, coordination of methods and techniques. it is a quality of supervisors is a comprehensive inspection. Jianli owners and construction unit as a third party other than its goal of coordinating the work based on contract, coordinate the construction work of the various complex relationships, just and fair solution to the contradictions and conflicts, to ensure the smooth realization of the overall goal of building. Its tasks include: coordination of the owners, design, construction, equipment manufacturers and other construction units the relationship, the parties participating in the construction project coordination with local governments and departments, to solve the construction progress, project quality, cost, construction safety, the conflict between the objectives of such control.

2.4 The warranty period of the supervision work of the warranty period, which works on the defects liability period. Check and record the project quality defects, to investigate the cause of the defect and determine accountability, audit rehabilitation program, monitor the repair process and the acceptance, review repair costs. The stage of the process of supervision costs refer to the proportion of the total: 2%.

3 The role of the whole process of supervision
We know from the above is: the whole process of supervision in the implementation of the project content of the work process is extremely complicated. Construction project by a number of units of this, complex system composed of several departments, the implementation of the whole process of supervision, so to participate in the construction of the parties to achieve timely and effective communication, timely and effective manner to resolve the contradiction between the major objective, so that construction mechanization transformed into a harmonious construction of the project activities to achieve project management of the "seamless", is a sound management approach to improve will help with international practice, and enhance competitiveness. the construction project to construction project supervision of the implementation of the whole process, not only during the project implementation to achieve optimal dynamic control, but also for ensuring the quality and investment efficiency have important practical significance.

4 Status and Prospects
With the sonorous power construction in recent years the pace of construction has played an important role in supervision, and achieved remarkable results. But look at working conditions at this stage, there is the question the following aspects: first, the supervision of the construction work is confined to stage, due to intensive investment in electric power engineering and lack of supervision of the characteristics of unit personnel, supervision personnel entrusted, the works started immediately, resulting in doing supervisors familiar with the situation of the projects not been able to grasp the depth of the familiar and, in particular the relative size of large, relatively high degree of technical complexity, longer duration of projects, impact factors, is not conducive to the smooth development of supervision. Second, the supervision of the professional quality and professionalism is also restricting the overall supervision of the implementation of survey and design. At present engaged in supervision of personnel engaged in the construction came mostly retired technical staff or system, personnel structure is irrational, more unfamiliar the design work, can not do design and supervision work, contracts and lack of economic management personnel can not be proficient in the use of economic means of control, contract controls and regulations means of control, supervision units should strengthen the internal construction, and train a "fine professional, understand the law, management, to coordinate the" supervision of high-quality personnel to meet the full range of supervision requirements. Third, the current state For construction supervision of the relevant laws and regulations, shall also mainly aimed at the construction stage, the design phase of the supervision of no clear surveillance specification, the design supervision of nowhere. Fourth, the current supervision enterprises vary greatly, so that owners can not commitment to assure the whole process of management supervision, the power project owners to form owners side project department should also enhance the progress and investment control, the formation of the "big landlords, big supervision," the pattern of authority is not enough supervision, supervision of high intelligence personnel into the company could not fully effect.

Supervision are fully developed in the country today, the whole process of supervision at this stage, still in its infancy, the need for extensive experimental work, to accumulate experience in the country typically gradually. Investigation, design, construction and supervision companies need to adjust the business structure, enhancing overall strength, speed up with the international engineering contracting and management practice.

References:
[1] China Association of Engineering Consultants. Introduction to Construction Supervision [M]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2005.

[2] grid construction and calculation of budget standards [S]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2007.

[3] Fang Ling, Zhu Debin, Wang Pei first. Of construction projects in the engineering supervision of the whole process [J]. Popular Science, 2006 (7. Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com