Concrete anti-slide structure in the application of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

Abstract: The slope stability problem is often encountered in hydraulic Engineering problems. Slope stability directly determines the feasibility of the construction project, the construction of the project investment and safe operation. High slope is often more complex geological structure , there are many factors that influence landslide, so the majority of our scientific and technical personnel in the water fight with the landslide hazard in the process, constantly sum up experience, and actively carry out scientific and technological Research.

Keywords: concrete, stabilizing the structure, Engineering, application
1 Concrete piles
Concrete pouring concrete mix with water from the mixing plant, mixing, concrete tank transport direct warehousing, control the thickness of 1.5m per hour, pouring in, especially in the sliding surface under the 4m site, need to go down for mechanical vibration. In poured into 5 ~ 7m away from the wellhead, the requirements of layered vibrator. Each set of two wellhead slip bucket, chute length 10 ~ 14m, diameter 25cm. The completion of pile, the slope of the pile after play an effective The slip resistance.

Tianshengqiao hydropower plant used to play high slope pile, load shedding, prestressed bolt, cable, drainage, slope protection and other comprehensive measures, the slope of the monitoring results show that: down the package has been in a steady state landslide, but also a certain safety margin.

Ankang Hydropower Station Dam Area of ​​cross-strait stability of the slope is very poor slippery ground, due to the two sides conducted a large-scale excavation, excavation slope formed by the maximum height of 200 meters, single-slope section of the general height 30 ~ 40m. a large number of excavated rock slope caused by the stress release, the cross section exposed, coupled with the intrusion of rain, damage the stability of the slope, leading to occur during excavation of a dozen projects of varying sizes landslide, which seriously affect the project's construction, a power station construction in the major technical problems.

Pile is stable with well-being the primary means of spillway slope, in the 263m elevation platforms were set up nine 1m diameter reinforced concrete piles, each pile are a few runs through the prism, the most up to 35m, top of the pile embedded within the spillway channel floor. In order not to interfere with the construction of platform outside the pit, with a large diameter pile drilling rig into the hole wall integrity, and progress faster, two months to complete. piles that nine in two working conditions to consider: the spillway is not formed, the pile beam on an elastic foundation by considerations, without regard to the Department of rock piles outside the sliding surface of the resistance, the spillway after the completion of stabilizing piles embedded in the top of the spillway floor at this time consideration by the landslide sliding force.

Grade concrete piles for the R28250 number, steel grade steel for the ��40 ��. Pile construction in January 1982, 3 months to complete, the foundation continued to dig under the slope on the base of each prism feet have been exposed. In the same year 11 month, with the F22 fault in Fb75 composition prism slope below the root blasting and found the platform in the 263m elevation along the Fb75, F22 fault and 7, the outer piles of small cracks appear near the north-south, and the crack expanded 7, 21 days after the pile outside Fb75 ~ F22 prism down, relying on the 7th of retaining pile, the pile can be stored inside the mountain.

2 concrete caisson
Caisson is a concrete frame structure, the construction can be divided into several sections for the general. In Landslide Engineering both from the role of piles, sometimes with the role of retaining walls.

Caisson caisson structure design based on stress state, foundation conditions and caisson construction site layout and other factors, caisson structure plane was "Tin" shape, the thickness of the wall and cross wall under mainly to meet the heavy rate.

Wall thickness of the upper 80cm, the lower part of thick 90cm, horizontal wall thickness of 50cm, the bottom wall surface above the blade foot 1.5m, to facilitate the free movement of operating personnel in the bottom. Caisson depth 11m, divided into 3 4,3,4 m high section.

Caisson construction, including land leveling, production caisson, caisson sinking, filling the heart four stages.

Sinking artificial excavation, by the human slag, simple equipment, transport, sinking during the anti-bias issues need to be controlled, so that timely and correct. A reasonable construction sequence is: the middle of the first excavation, post excavation of four sides, the first Excavation of the short side, after the excavation of the long side. caisson in place after cleaning the base surface, set ��25 bolt (bolt spacing of 2m, depth 3.5m, and then pouring concrete back cover 150, and finally with 100 concrete rubble fill heart. Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com sinking project is completed so far, have had many years of running the test. At present, the first slope is stable, sinking in the role of slope stability is obvious.

3 concrete frame and the sprayed concrete slope protection
Concrete frame of the surface slope from the landslide protection and enhance the integrity of the slope to prevent surface water infiltration and weathering of the slope. Frame structure slope with light, materials consumption province, facilitate the construction, wide range of applications, to facilitate drainage, and can be used in conjunction with the characteristics of other measures.

Tianshengqiao down Landslide Control Station using concrete armor frame, frame are two types. Sliding surface near the frame, the node of a long bolt through the sliding surface design for a set based on the nodes in the elastic framework of the system under concentrated force , far away from the sliding surface slope frame, the node located a short bolt, and the slope in a certain range of highly weathered to form a whole.

Landslide north down the slope frame is made of highly weathered 50 �� 50cm, 2m node center square frame, set the two types of anchor nodes: in the slope between 550 ~ 560m elevation, sliding surface perpendicular to the slope above the node set ��36 and ��32, mortar 12m long bolt in the 565 ~ 580m elevation is located between the slope perpendicular to the slope of the ��28, mortar 6m long bolt, reinforced the framework corresponding to 8��20 and 4��20. framework requires digging in the slope 30cm deep, 50cm wide slot, partially embedded into the slope, the surface filling and mixed cropping, and herbaceous vegetation to form a permanent slope protection. in a good part of rock bolts and sprayed concrete can be protected slope.

4 concrete retaining wall
Concrete retaining wall is the most commonly used slope Engineering a way, it can effectively change the landslide from the local force balance, to prevent the extension of landslide deformation.

In June 1986, Tianshengqiao hydropower project, 550m elevation above the rock layer Mud slide more than 10 cm, 584m elevation platform, cracks appeared on three of which up to a 55m long, 2.2cm wide, the wrong 2cm. therefore taken in the 550m elevation of more than 50 meters long poured concrete retaining wall and playing anchor and other measures.

Tianshengqiao Powerhouse top of the hill slope to set a concrete retaining wall to prevent the resurrection of the ancient landslide, part of the slope surface protection with stone masonry reinforcement, setting concrete toe wall at 680m elevation. In Manwan Hydropower Station Slope Engineering also took poured concrete retaining wall and masonry wall, concrete anti-cutting measures in a comprehensive engineering.

5 anchor hole
Manwan Hydropower Station in slope engineering, using a variety of different sections of the anchor hole 64, leading to higher shear force. On the left bank slope before the landslide, has completed the 2m �� 2m section 18 of the small anchor holes, each hole can withstand shear 9000kN. In addition, increased use of part of such geological exploratory tunnel backfill shear. As anchor hole has a certain inclination, to prevent the concrete wall combined with the possibility of false, and to take by the hole pile composite structures conditions than traditional cantilever force is reasonable, is expected to provide greater resistance. Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com