Maliba water regime automatic forecasting system and optimization

Abstract: This article is a reservoir in Yunnan Province Maliba hydrological forecast as the carrier, Research and development of automatic monitoring system of water regime in the work system and communication optimization, a more economical way possible to achieve full utilization of water resources, flood forecasting and scientific control purposes.

Abstract: This article takes the hydrological forecast of Maliba reservoir in Yunnan Province as the carrier, studies the optimization of work system and communication ways of automatic monitoring system, to achieve full utilization of water resources, flood forecasting and scientific control purposes with a more economical way as possible.

Keywords:: reservoirs, hydrological forecast systems, integrated automation Reservoir
Keywords:: reservoir, hydrological forecast system, automation of reservoir

0 Introduction
With the scientific and technological progress and social development, we are from industrialized society towards an information society. Water is the infrastructure of the national economy, but also an information-intensive industries. Water Resources information is the Computer Technology, microelectronic Technology, communication Technology, optical Technology, information Technology, remote sensing technology in water until the application process on the system.

Reservoir is an integrated automation system, including communications and information technology, disaster management and decision making flood control, flood forecasting and scheduling systems engineering science, and forecast system is the reservoir water regime an important component of integrated automation. In accordance with <"State Flood Control and Drought Relief Command System comprehensive report on overall design>> in that "half an hour to complete the task of national hydrological information collection" requirements, this layout has been set in the station, based on the use of technology has been proven in recent years hydrological forecasting system and some new forecasting system comparison of Maliba Reservoir, one of the integrated automation system in hydrological forecasting system work system and communication were developed and optimized, and the system hardware configuration to be able to quickly and accurately grasp the regime of the basin and reservoirs upstream water conditions to make timely flood forecasting. is designed to quickly and accurately to the transfer station to the central station hydrological information, the achievement of the unmanned station, central station few people on duty, the reservoir central station automatically under the jurisdiction of the scope of collection and transmission within the remote rain gauge, water level rainfall stations, channel station, dam safety information in real time reporting, enhanced reservoir management and scheduling capabilities, provide a scientific basis for flood control and drought scheduling [1].

1 Introduction Maliba Reservoir
Maliba Reservoir is located 5km north of Longchuan County, Yunnan Province, the Nanwan River. Basin to the north and the south was a rectangular-shaped, vertical length of about 27km, maximum width of about 19km, a drainage area of ​​294km2. Southwestern and northeastern watershed elevation generally in the 2000 ~ 2200m, and the lowest of the dam site, the elevation is 968m. dam above the River River long 33.4km. water development, 1km above a tributary of up to 39, collecting better conditions. The reservoir geographical location, dry climate, little precipitation, water scarcity, floods peak less, Douzhang steep drop, steep ditch big, destructive, and other characteristics, often lead to large losses due to flooding.

2 Maliba development of water regime automatic forecasting system
2.1 Network Stationing of coverage and the characteristics and under the river basin hydrological and meteorological characteristics, taking into account the ease of management and use of equipment, Maliba water regime automatic forecasting system of the station network consists of a central station and 11 remote sensing of rainfall stations a reservoir hydrological stations (dam, dam, a river hydrological stations (and measured rainfall, irrigation channels and stations 7, composed of a gate controller.

2.2 The structure of Maliba forecasting system of water regime automatic forecasting system consists of 3 components: Reservoir Authority, central station (the first level, the distribution in the reservoir upstream and downstream of the various stations and control stations (the second level, involving the Class of monitoring points (the third level. First-class hub. central station located in the Reservoir Authority, by the server, workstations, lightning protection devices, central remote terminals, UPS, power supply, radio, antenna, cable communications equipment, Computer network equipment and Computer-aided equipment and other components. role is to accept data sent each station, storage management and data analysis and processing. The second class of intelligent devices. intelligent automatic monitoring equipment by the regime's intelligence telemetry terminal (RTU equipment components. it will collect the rainfall, the water level parameters, by wire or FM mode the data submitted to the central station to the reservoir. The third level: sensors, data radio communications. by rain gauges, water level sensors or devices such as the composition The main role is to collect all the rainfall stations, the water level parameters. through a wireless or wired connection to the second level corresponds to the RTU, the purpose of automatic measurement. regime automatic forecasting system main function is to bear the weather stations, rainfall stations, the water level Station information collection, and the information is sent to the central station reservoir. central station for processing the data by sorting, computation, analysis of hydrological information obtained.

2.3 Forecasting System Optimization hydrological forecasting system work system work system is divided into self-report, response type and mixed type of three. Work system performance optimization, mainly from the system structure, power consumption, real time, with the frequency signal to compare aspects of collision study.

2.3.1 System structure is characterized by self-report methods of data transmission in one direction, which requires only one-way channel, the system structure is simple. Telemetry stations only send, not receive, the central station is only receiving, not sending. So simple hardware and software equipment, low investment in equipment, equipment maintenance easy. response mode is characterized by a receiver to send and receive commands and send data bi-directional communication requires two-way channel, the system complex. telemetry stations and central stations are equipped to send and receive functions, the complexity of software and hardware.

2.3.2 Power consumption is characterized by self-reporting approach does not send data telemetry standing at the time of micro-power state, with a small capacity and small capacity battery float mode power supply solar panels, small size, light weight, easy to implement structure integrated design. response mode is characterized by a telemetry receiving station for guarding the receiver has been in a state, and thus greater power consumption, usually several times more than self-report, you need a larger capacity battery for solar cells on float, larger battery capacity.

2.3.3 real-time characteristics of self-reported approach is based on pre-set time interval and increment the number of reported occurrence. Response mode is characterized as should be with the A, real good.

2.3.4 Collision with the frequency signal is characterized by self-reporting methods of the remote station is a random number to the central station report, possible collision with the frequency signal, causing the receiving end of debt collection exception. Response mode is characterized by the central station take the initiative to call test, there is no problem with the collision frequency signal. hybrid between the characteristics of self-report and response style between. Maliba Reservoir with the terrain of the environment, the use of low power consumption and easy maintenance work of the self-report system.

2.4 Optimal Forecasting System Automatic Hydrological Forecast communications currently are VHF communication, wired PSTN, satellite, shortwave, GMS SMS and other means.

2.4.1 The advantages of ultrashort wave communication: signal transmission is relatively stable, better quality, but also has some ability to diffraction, the most technically mature. Drawback: the short distance communication, the terrain, distance communications or in the mountains Set relay repeater station is required.

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 2.4.2 wired PSTN (Public Switching Telephone Network with network flexibility, low cost, easy maintenance, and other advantages. But the high cost of system operation calls, real-time, poor high running costs, and longer interval to send data, you can not reflect the situation in real time.

2.4.3 The advantages of satellite communication systems: the best quality signal transmission, transmission distance is not restricted, coverage area, the terrain, climate, the impact of small, flexible networking. Drawback: relatively high cost of system construction, operation relative cost high, that some hydrological data transmission delay.

2.4.4 has the advantage of short-wave communication: transmission distance, the terrain of small, low investment, fast construction, anti-damage ability. Shortwave communication weaknesses are: communication quality is poor, poor stability of the channel, by the ionosphere and climate the impact of large. GSM SMS advantages are: Communication from the distance, terrain, low investment, fast construction, low operation cost, damage resistant ability, can achieve "a pack of more development." drawback: due to the impact of base station coverage Construction Site restrictive [2]. According Maliba water regime automatic forecasting system coverage of the great difference in complex terrain, and decided to pipe Bureau data collection central station, relay stations and rainfall stations, water stations used between the various telemetry stations VHF communication for data transfer. Bureau of the central station and the input water sluice gate automatic control stations using optical fiber communication.

3 main equipment selection
Forecasting system based on the selected system and the overall design, the system hardware configuration, including: sensors, remote station terminals and central station equipment.

3.1 The selection of a sensor tipping bucket rain gauge rain gauge double reed. Its product quality, cost-effective. Hydrostatic level gauge water level gauge use, small size, easy to install and use [3].

Smart Remote 3.2 Remote Terminal Station Terminal Equipment (RTU terminal remote terminal use self-report, by the controller, modulator, Antenna, solar panels, battery components. Centre for Remote Terminal Unit (RTU Center General requirements: In addition to smart telemetry all terminal functions, should have the following special features: the central station in case the Computer does not boot, run independently, receiving data from each station.

3.3 Central Station Central Station from the days of feeder lines, modem, server, Computer, printer, monitor, UPS and other components. The main function of the central station by the computer system to complete the final computer station through the modem to receive telemetry data, complete data processing and store and generate a variety of forms.

3.4 Power and Lightning Protection
3.4.1 Power station configuration taking into account the characteristics of Telemetry station equipment to be power, using solar energy - DC floating power supply battery power configuration, should be able to ensure that equipment required in the environment, the continuous work, the battery capacity should be able to and guarantee the equipment for 20 days under rainy weather conditions can still work. solar power supply by solar panels, charge controller and battery components. solar charge controller with over-discharge protection, overload protection, reverse battery protection and solar panels reverse protection. to protect the water regime automatic forecasting system to normal operation, the system should be configured and stable power supply, AC clean central station power, and equipped with UPS to ensure uninterrupted power supply to the equipment to ensure the central station computer power cut state power for 2 hours.

3.4.2 As the project is located in the mountainous ground lightning is a high incidence of lightning, lightning protection design to fully consider the work to protect the remote station to reduce damage. Outdoor use of the lightning rod, height of 1.5 m height above the antenna, the lightning rod, and deflectors weld, lightning protection angle is 45 °, antenna, engine room and other equipment are within the scope of protection, remote station ground resistance less than 10Ω. antenna system is fed by day arrester. lightning protection equipment requirements over current capacity, discharge time is short.

4 Conclusion
Maliba root water regime automatic forecasting system of self-reported the actual run that way for the system optimum working system, a reasonable power supply, grounding and lightning protection equipment, designed and reliable. Systems, the increased level of management staff to improve the working environment, enabling management to scientific decision-making and rational management, ensure safety and full use of water resources to enable the project to achieve security, economic and efficient operation purposes.

References:
[1] Temple, Cai Rongbo. Traditional water to modern water conservancy, sustainable development of water change the only way - Ministry of Water Resources Suo Lisheng, deputy minister of information about the construction of water [J]. Informatization, 2003 (5:12-15.

[2] Wu Jianhua, Kang Yonghui, Li Hongyan. Regime automatic measuring system and the GSM technology [J]. Shanxi Water Conservancy Science and Technology, 2005 (1:33-35.

[3] Richard Winter wide, LIU Cun. Modern sensor technology [M]. Shenyang: Northeastern University Press ,2001:82-89. Links http://www.hi138.com Research Papers Download