About CAI Courseware Engineering System Research

Of: Liu Lingyun Wang Jian-Cheng Qi Menghua

Abstract: This article from the integration of teaching theory point of view, the use of modern teaching theory, learning theory, systems theory, control theory approach to guide CAI courseware design and Development of systems engineering.

Paper Keywords: CAI courseware for teaching the theory theoretical model of behavioral teaching system integrated Development environment
0 Introduction
Knowledge of the evolution process of human learning has experienced two revolutions: early in the year 300 years ago, Socrates, Confucius and the creation of private schools to give lectures to mark the first revolution, which began a pioneer of Education; to create Comenius classroom learning system, marked by the second revolution, it will import the Education of industrial production, the creation of a one to many teaching methods. The first two in terms of media from the Information revolution, and no fundamental changes, but the form of teaching organization change it. In recent years, as Information technology, especially the rapid Development of the Internet, a new philosophy of Education - the gradual rise of distance Education network, which indicates the arrival of the third revolution in Education. it either from the educational methods, educational philosophy or means of education will be the challenge of the traditional education model. And it can be controlled by CAI, interactive, effective, corrective, individualized, repetitive and self-adaptive to become the third educational revolution of the soul.

1 CAI status and Development of courseware
CAI (Computer AidedInstruction) referred to as CAI, is to make full use of the Computer and collect and record video and audio electronic device organizations to develop educational resources, optimize teaching goals, teaching objectives to achieve the best teaching aids. Teaching system integration is based on teaching theory, the use of the various benefits of modern Information technology to improve the quality of education to achieve the most optimal allocation of resources for teaching technical synthesis. With the Development of Computer Information technology and teaching methods change, CAI courseware design and development of education, science and education has become an important technology content, represents a new direction of education reform and become a strategic task of educational Research.

CAI in the 60-70 age has begun to spread to Europe and the United States teaching, International Association for Information Processing CAI courseware has held three international conferences to exchange experience and promote national CAI. To the late 70s, the U.S. Department of Education began experimental service PLATO-IV a comprehensive assessment of the effects of such systems, the results show that in the calculation of teaching mathematics, and science and English teaching can replace many of the teachers work. At present, from an international viewpoint, CAI courseware system development along the network, intelligent, super- media-oriented. the world's largest CAI-CB-I or CBI network development plan to devaluation European DELTA project.

CAI started in 1980 in China, East China Normal University set up the first CBE Research Center, "July" period, the CBE of the many topics included in the national key scientific and technological development projects, increase capital investment, the development of the CAI courseware can be roughly divided into several stages:
(1) CAI programming language based on advanced production stage, which is scattered experimental exploration period (1980-1986);
(2) writing system for the production phase of CAI tools, and gradually extend the period (1987 a 1995);
(3) by the multimedia technology and network support of the CAI wide application stage (1996 a 1999);
(4) into the expert system and artificial intelligence technology to support the further development of the advanced stage (200. Years later). Since 1986, our annual CBE (Computer Based Education) Institute in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou held nearly 20 times CAI experience exchange, the author of nearly 200 academic papers.

2 Learning Theory and CAI Design
2.1. Both learning theory
Theory in the teaching system, the world's most influential history of education in the two theories are: the United States acts Skinner American psychologist Nai Seer theory and cognitive learning theory.

Behavior of the theory that the study of human origins is a stimulus to the outside world, by the stimulus - response memory of the human brain occurs through the stimulation signal to enhance the achievement of the purpose of study, so long as teachers want to control behavior can control the learning outcomes, and the Computer program behavior is the use of teaching learning theory, behavioral theory of the learning process of the schema that is used:

Cognitive theory holds that human learning process, although the external stimuli is very important, but can not explain the reasons for acts of stimuli provided by the external environment have dominated the external behavior of only the psychological, cognitive processes can be encoded, storage, processing and operation. So person's understanding of the process is not directly given by the external stimuli, but the external stimulation and internal psychological understanding of the main result of the interaction, the learning process with a schema that is:

2.2. Behaviour and the CAI design model
Based on behavior theory of stimulus - response and enhanced stimulation - enhanced reaction - long-term memory characteristics of learning theory. Based on this theory of CAI courseware model should be applicable to the acquisition of knowledge in memory-based learning environment, such as justice, laws, concepts, definitions and language of learning. the entire teaching process system design should follow the teaching of targeting, a clear enhancement of information, self-testing, real-time feedback and control principles of the program. design should make full use of text, graphics, images, animation, language, windows, add changes in light, and other ways to enhance the signal to stimulate, strengthen the memory effect, and flexible use of repeated settings, logic testing and other means to meet the training exercises to consolidate learning and enhance memory results. CAI system design process model photo:

2.3. Cognitive theory and the CAI design model
Based on theory of knowledge, human learning process focused on the expansion of SR links, learning is a knowledge encoded into long-term memory storage and moving process, coding is the subjective logic of the internal psychological process. Thus, knowledge-based theory of CAI Courseware design model should focus on the organic link the new and old knowledge to identify progression from junior to senior internal logic, combining the teaching objectives and requirements of learners and improve the operation of individual ability, but also understand the type of logical reasoning for knowledge. learning system design should be based on identified teaching objectives, set the logic elements, clear reasoning, the training to understand the test, the principle of real-time feedback connection. The picture shows the design process model:

Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com 3.CAI Development Environment
CAI courseware engineering technical implementation is done by the development tools. Currently, CAI courseware development tools, integrated development environment is moving in the direction of development, the writing language and writing more and more blurred the boundaries between systems, the main development technology directions and trends in the following areas.

3.1 Object-oriented design methods
Object-oriented (()() a () bject-oriented) methods and properties inherited by the abstract to establish links between the entities, has a good intuitive and comprehensible. Therefore, to establish this method as a model of the objective world software has good structural and reuse, which can support the scalability of courseware.

3.2. Visualization environment development (man-machine interface expert system)
Intuitive interface (Visual Interface) with icons to represent a collection of task structure, which allows users to manipulate icons and achieve its objectives. Now appears most of the writing began to use such software interface, intuitive interface and triggered a visual programming (visual program design) ideas, PCWindows support of the Visual BASIC (V a BA-SIC) is such a language. V-BASIC like language that can be used for CAI developers to write general-purpose language.

3.3. Hypermedia authoring system
This system is designed to reduce the diversity of the media caused by the complexity of information operations, to provide consistency of operation, and allows the user to use the information super-style framework for synthesis of super-integrated environment.

3.4.ITS writing environment
ICA / ITS application development depends on appropriate writing tools, ITS authoring environment can be viewed as problem areas for the communication system in which the field of embedded technology as necessary to solve a basic task structure, which allows authors to call task which consists of proper planning.

3.5. Microcomputer automation development system of teaching
Most existing authoring tools are starting from a software engineering approach, and rarely reflects the education system integration design, if any, is the process of teaching, but thought. The future of writing system will be more and more embedded in some teaching system integration design, the United States in this regard, Professor MERILL advocate, he launched the early 80s for CAI instructional design theory - part design theory, instructional design theory known as the first generation of the early .90, he proposed second generation instructional design theory - theory of teaching matters, and accordingly developed a teaching called TransactionShellsr design expert system.



The following are Windows environment for the production of the main tools of multimedia CAI courseware list;

4 Design Example
CAI system during the actual design, we should point of view of system integration of teaching and discipline combined with the specific characteristics of a particular object should be targeted to aid their design a complete environment, and summed up in the environment aspects should be highlighted, abstract theory of behavior theory and understanding of the objects described, the knowledge of effective review or bright colors with patterns of stimulation to achieve the best results. For example, in the design, "in an orderly sequence to insert a number and to be orderly, "the question of supporting the environment, highlighting the two key issues: First, design ideas and programs, and second, the program implementation. reflected in the methodology for the teaching of design ideas, we can act theory point of view, the insertion of the key operations are elements of the location of dynamic movement, you can put text, language, images with up to describe the elements of the object, and use highlight, contrast way of describing different states of the elements, the current move the location of the elements with bright The color image of the movement that the dynamic process, so that the process can be inserted into the realization of bright highlights, deepen and strengthen the impression that the implementation process and enhance the depth of understanding of the procedures described in the process of realization of the design skills and programming ability is the integrated use of, and therefore make full use of cognitive theory approach, according to the first step of the process and procedures involving design skills to the organization and a unified review of the key links in the implementation process described in paragraph with a different program, combined with a set of specific data to describe dynamic demonstration during program execution process, the original knowledge and the latest technology combined to form a new design. and then the program execution and k1. off power state change data for the harmonization of presentation so that students not only through the receiver to enhance better understanding of the stimulation signal changes in the process, and data objects from the continuous dynamics and subtle to receive the law of its implementation, so as to lay the foundation for thinking of program design. On the other hand, through the analysis and program design techniques to enhance consolidate the existing knowledge, and new combination of existing knowledge and provide an alternative strategy to solve the problem, both in a unified environment, coordination is to achieve a double effect, provide a comprehensive analysis of the problem and comprehensive resolve to achieve the purposes of instruction.

5 Conclusion
CAI courseware design is being studied in China and the world is a hot area, the system method of guiding the development of CAI courseware based, can provide theoretical, methodological guidance. How to take full advantage of modern information media, to enable them to achieve optimal teaching effectiveness is in the actual design of the target. the one hand, rational distribution of knowledge and information, on the other hand to fully integrate disciplines, designs vivid, visual simulation environment for the best teaching results, it is CAI courseware engineering The ultimate goal of systems approach. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com