On the premise of Adult Higher Education Network: Education and Ethics on

[Paper Keywords] Adult Higher Education and Ethics in the Digital Divide Network
[Abstract] online Education has become an inevitable trend of Development of adult Education. But the network of adult Education may bring about Educational Ethics issues such as the digital divide, Education, injustice, an even greater social injustice. Based on education Ethics consideration, we must address the vulnerable groups access to the Internet and the use of network barriers.

Information network Technology with its innovative technical characteristics, not only the role of cultural factors as a Technology in the education process, but it also as a social and cultural factors influence educational thought. Network characteristics of innovation in Higher Education for adults, brought a rare opportunities.

First, the network of adult education has become an inevitable trend
1. The advantage of higher network
Removal of the wall of Higher Education, and more embraced the community. Even if Higher Education has been in the hospital services, Economic Development, political decision-making and other aspects were a lot of things, but people still complaining about not been able to better respond to the Higher Education community needs, including more take on the functions of adult education. The Development of adult education network can alleviate this conflict, and promote Development of higher education. network makes the teaching is not the time and space constraints. Information network for people to provide a flexible approach to learning, people can transcend time and space through the network and the geographical constraints of interest to choose their own courses, schools and social boundaries blur, "ivory tower" type of school teaching was completely abandoned, relying on in the Information network of "virtual teaching" will in large numbers. teaching vivid and visualization and personalization also makes it easier to access to higher education adults. More importantly, the market, privatization has become a big trend in the Development of education, higher education is no exception, it must adopt a market of the mode of operation and business philosophy and strategy, so as to obtain their own development, and make greater contribution to society. online education open, practical, determined that it is more than other forms of education, social dependency and attention to market demand and development, it is the vanguard of the education industry.

2. Status of Adult Higher Education Network
At present, people have been screaming for their good learning network, the U.S. schools such as Duke University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, Cornell University and Harvard Business School are beginning to embrace online teaching. In China, after several years of exploration and practice, especially in 68 pilot modern Distance Education in Universities and Colleges since the development of courseware for a total of more than 1,800 doors, the scale of total registered students in 400 million people, and the number of students enrolled for three consecutive years has nearly 100 million, the establishment of off-campus colleges and universities more than 3,000 learning centers, the Central Radio and TV stations set up teaching more than 2,800, the Central Radio and TV public service system of more than 900. and the Central Radio and TV public service system Peng Austrian partner institutions has reached 29, covering professional financial cooperation, History, Technology, teacher, art and medical care, and 144 popular professional. online resource volume has reached the 900G. China has initially established with a sharing of resources, credit transfer and mutual recognition of credits a prerequisite for resource management mechanisms, and platform compatibility and technical support for learners with anytime, anywhere access to learning resources, learning support services, Technology environment.

Of course, from the perspective of cost effectiveness, the University in order to build and operate online learning, unless the people themselves a substantial investment of manpower and money, way more easy way is with the network companies; and because there is no common network university professors, in particular, establishing academic reputation and visibility can be as non-overnight, they must rely on the cooperation of both universities to share their existing facilities and teaching resources for teachers. Therefore, in the interests of universities to offer Distance Education, driven, most likely with the network companies. U - net Networks was the price to $ 20,000,000 contract with Columbia University, the school curriculum is made to obtain the right to access educational programs. Although this has caused a cooperation plan to discuss a matter of opinion, but later the University of Chicago, Kaji Mellon University and the London School of Economics, Columbia University, has followed the last step, and U - net contract. In China, a similar situation occurs, and the rapid expansion. Back in 1997, Hunan University and Hunan Telecom to co-development and construction of Hunan University Distance Education; since May 1999, shares of the Chinese People's University in intangible ways and Wantong Group companies to set up a network of education in the East Industrial Company; March 2001, South China University of Technology set up business cooperation with a senior South China Science and Technology Education Development Co., Ltd.; Sunway Communication Network Limited has with the Beijing Aeronautics and Astronautics, East China Normal University and other prestigious universities more than 10 signed a cooperation agreement to jointly carry out the modern Distance Education. Closed
With the advent of the Internet age, but also the emergence of a more virtual university. Now the horizon, many new forms of universities, such as the United States, the University of Phoenix (University of Phoenix), the United States Open University (UnitedStates Open Univers v.) , Western Governors University (Western GovernorsUniversity), Michigan Virtual University, Virtual University, or even "virtual Union University." These universities can even be called "rule by the commercial companies 'higher education' business", these universities are full-time teachers little or no school district is very small, but they need substantial part-time teachers to provide online teaching materials, or they buy directly from some of the hands of online teaching materials. These institutions of higher education has become a complete network of universities.

Second, the adult education network of potential problems
Adult Education Network presents the development of higher education into our bright future, but also for adult learning to provide a better vision. But the network of adult education but there is great risk of social injustice.

In this digital Information society (Information society), the global network of connected dense, the world seems to have become a global village. In theory, the new technology can benefit all of society, so the prospect of a good man in an American scholar Parker .1972 ( EB Parker) and Dunn (DADune) in the journal Science Publishes "<social potential of information technology>> that the maximum potential of information technology, may reduce the unit cost of education to our community to provide" open and equal access to education "so that people in society can be life-long learning. But they also worried that if the information service can not be widely acceptable to society as a whole, only those who" information rich "can reap the profits," information poor "can get will be very limited, the information gap will become wider, resulting in increased social tensions. concept of the digital divide from the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) 199!〕 report submitted in June <<in the network behind the times: the definition of the digital divide> >, its basic meaning is that in the information process, the Economic entities (countries, regions or individuals) between the gap between the level of Economic development, resulting in the development of information technology, applications, information infrastructure, universal access and access to information, capacity to generate the gap, the gap that developed individual use of "information superiority" and "knowledge advantage" competitive advantage, so that the individual faces behind the "knowledge poverty" and "information poverty" a threat at a competitive disadvantage. Taiwan, a survey, individual social Economic status, ethnic background, disability status, and residential areas (such as: aboriginal townships in remote areas), etc., all affect the use of information opportunities. Survey found that close to people in Taiwan for the information conditions used, does with the different income, ethnicity, age, urban and rural development, and educational level vary. As observed by United Nations Development Programme: the network society is creating parallel communications systems, on the one hand, the those with high incomes, high education (literally), high connectivity to provide low-cost, high-speed wealth of information; the other hand, those who lack connections, by time, cost and uncertainty of the threshold factors in isolation can only be out of date information. The people of these two systems in parallel lives, compete with each other, obviously the advantage of connectivity is very great. Those who are already problems of people in poverty (low income, low education, low participation of the public system) is more neglected and exclusion.

China's current serious problem of digital divide .2006 January 17, the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) released in Beijing, "Seventeenth China Internet Development Statistics Report." Survey showed that China's internet use in rural and urban, regional distribution is significantly different: the number of rural Internet users Internet users only city of 1 / 5, the penetration rate of Internet users penetration in the city is only 1 / 60 East, central and western development vary widely, the number of Internet users in eastern China accounted for the number of Internet users 57.8% Eastern IP addresses of the national total of 62.4 percent, the number of East and Web sites with domain name is the total number of the national total, respectively, accounted for 78.5% and 79.9%, we can see that most of the network of the eastern region has resources. netizens on the gender distribution: male 58.7%, women account for 41.3 percent.

Network of higher education, there are bound to the digital divide issue. In the United States, blacks and whites, rich and poor has become the digital divide between technical discussions related to the main content of education. Some Researchers have for the new technology may increase the cost and complexity of education in the United States expressed concern about the inequality that already exists. For example, it was suggested that, although the technical quality of teaching should be an integral part of, but must be able to develop curriculum ensure that students have equal and adequate access to these technologies. whether to use the Internet can be a new dimension of social stratification. Although remote network praised for adult education, but in fact many people do not have the conditions for online learning. If There are many agricultural areas the United States an average of 17% or more of the family there is no telephone, let alone a computer. In addition, although the United States over 7.4 million Internet users (total, 1 / 4), but most of them younger than the average person .1998, and better educated than the U.S. $ 75,000 and family income than the minimum the possibility of access to the Internet class family income is 20 times. Over the past few years in the U.S. minority groups although the number of people own a computer increase, but blacks and Hispanics are still far ratio of computers to 40% below the national average, and is widening the gap appears. In the UK, Open University, also tend to absorb more educated people, The student groups also did not reflect on the whole real racial and Economic diversity of the UK, in the underdeveloped countries, has a computer or Internet conditions even worse. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www . hi138.com Third, the premise of Adult Higher Education Network
Adult network of higher education in the development process must be careful to treat the digital divide, build rich network of adult education, Ethics education, rather than efficiency as the first principle, as the spirit of education and justice would have just will be gone, no Ethics education has become the educational aspirations, and even education has become "bad education" was. In this regard, some countries and regions have made an example for us. "European e-learning program," emphasized equality of social rights, emphasizing every member of society to provide a good virtual learning environment. emphasis on vulnerable groups of online training, a number of websites in order to narrow the digital divide between members of the society, opened for the elderly, the disabled, minorities, women course of study. Brussels training center and the Netherlands, the French police to prison inmates for the design of e-learning courses.

Ethics education in the construction of wealth to higher education, adult education must be in the process of networking, we must first meet the basic premise. According to <"China Internet Development Statistics Report>>, the main reason for non-Internet users do not as follows: do not understand computers, networks, the Internet does not have the necessary skills 38.7%, do not have access to Internet (no access equipment, local access to the Internet) 29.3%, no time on the Internet 13.2%, in addition, that the Internet is useless, no, too old, too small, no reason, hard to say, is not interested in other reasons for non-Internet users do not, the proportion of 5.0% a 10.0%. Therefore, we should first consider hardware and information literacy aspects.

1. Hardware devices
However, in the current situation of China's social and economic development, the western regions, rural and other disadvantaged groups of women still run around as a basic living. Young male farmers have 1 million people each year towards the different places of the city to the city's edge to seek the chance of survival as they are unwilling to get computers, networks, and other equipment and resources in the digital age, but the state is also not possible to give special subsidies to these groups, if any, these groups can not be used for these subsidies seemingly extravagant equipment. the lack of information infrastructure construction, coupled with funding shortages, lack of teacher plaque, will make remote areas, low vision groups in the network of adults receiving tertiary education feel difficult.

So, how these groups access to information technology equipment? We believe, must build schools, community integration model, so that the school's resources to the open society. China is actively promoting the pace of information technology education, .1999 at the end, the Education Ministry announced that China's primary and secondary schools from September 2001 and gradually began to open <<Information Technology courses>>, and published the "Guidelines for Primary and Secondary Schools." In 2000 In October, at the "national primary and secondary education in Information Technology Conference", decided to only use 5 to 10 in 2001 years of basic primary and secondary schools in the country spread of information technology education, and efforts to achieve leap-forward development of basic education in June .2001 The State Council on the 14th of basic education held in Beijing conference, pointed out the need "to intensify access to information technology education, using information to promote the modernization of education." Since 2003, the Ministry of Education conducted the pilot project of modern Distance Education in rural primary and secondary schools. the State Council Premier Wen Jiabao Fifth Session of the Tenth National People's Congress to make the government work report, said that in 2006, Modern Distance Education Project has invested 80 billion yuan, covering more than 80% of central and western regions of rural primary and secondary schools, 1 million students to quality education resources. primary and secondary resources to fully open to the public, so as to realize the sharing of resources. Of course, with the Ministry of Education, "Digital Learning in Hong Kong" learning support service point forward, this situation will change.

2. Information Literacy
With the gradual spread of information networks, information technology education in primary and secondary school building, whether access to information will be gradually resolved, but can really get some groups to obtain information will be barriers to adult education. As the information network equipment growing popularity, the information is not used nearly the only indicator to measure the digital divide, many experts thought that with the information used to explain the digital divide is near enough, "<Taiwan Area Digital Divide Survey ninety year>> Report pointed out that whether an individual has the ability to use a computer should also be satisfied that the person considered, that "information literacy" concept. "information literacy" mainly consists of three concepts: "general literacy", "information literacy skills", "network literacy." So the report that the future of the digital divide, the information must be covered almost use, information literacy, and the daily life of three parts. In fact, the term information literacy was first used by the U.S. Chairman of the Institute of Library and Information Science in 1974 Zurkowski mainly refers to the individual has to identify, evaluate and use various sources of information on the ability of different abilities, which should include five capabilities: to know what information is helpful; to know where to get information; to know how to retrieve information; can explain the assessment and organize information; able to use information. On this basis, "the establishment media to obtain the correct information to determine the value of information ... ... separate the knowledge structure.

To solve this problem, the primary consideration is that disadvantaged groups can also receive information technology education. From the current development situation of China, this strategy is not realistic. So, so easy to learn course content, development, education, really good Software has become a subject of a very valuable. personalized, humane, intelligent educational software will undoubtedly greatly enhance the learner's interest, and help reduce barriers to learners, especially those with poor information literacy group is. In China, education software development since the 20th century, since the 90's, but walks with difficulty. rampant piracy, lack of software Research, lack of relevant personnel, market monopoly and so become an obstacle to the development of educational software industry, a stumbling block. This is an urgent need lifting barriers to development of the industry, and promote educational software industry, the rapid and healthy development, and promote the many excellent educational software was born, thus contributing to the development of adult huge network of higher education and adult and convenient access to learning resources.

In fact, the Adult Education Network, will continue to exist Seeking Profits between social injustice brought about the problem. Adult Education Network makes the market response to the educational background, and then with great development potential. But the adult market higher education, will inevitably bring, such as education, corruption, education, ethical issues of equality injustice. As Taiwan scholar put it: "mode of operation in various commercial, the most frequently mentioned is that university extension course, especially the network of teaching; in repeated the baseless assertion of prejudice, the network appears to be college students Wealth of teaching the 'golden hen', in response to learning of the boom, many Internet companies, or claim to compete with the elite network of university cooperation, broaden the network learning process, UN demands in the network education market accounted for a place. "profit network teaching inevitably have an impact on the nature of the University makes, making some mental impairment University. At present the emerging network of universities have a considerable portion of profit university. adult education if the network continue to make the process of expanding the desire for profit, ignoring the social needs of vulnerable groups, to the "money" look not to the "down" look to "all learners" Look, in the teaching costs and market impact, the loss of direction. So, adult education will lose their existing social legitimacy will eventually abandoned by society. Therefore, the premise of Adult Higher Education network, not just to solve the problem of digital divide. should regulate school behavior, Adult Education to guide the spirit to maintain their own education, educational ethics. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com