An Analysis of Ethics on the characteristics of Nurhaci

[Abstract] paper introduces the ethical thinking has Nurhaci national character, compatibility, political characteristics, demonstrated Nurhaci Ethics Jurchen nationality primarily for the original nature of social Ethics fully embodied. compatible mainly reflected in the Ethics of the Confucian tradition, the absorption of the main political and filial piety is reflected in the thinking of marriage. to arrive at their Ethics on social impacts of future generations.

[Paper Keywords] Ethics, filial piety, marriage
First, the nationality
Nurhaci Ethics Jurchen nationality mainly social ethics for full expression of the primitive, that is, his marriage brought some remnants of clan system Jurchen society, the same time. Concept of filial piety in his family's "Respect, Sincerely, "thinking also has the Jurchen characteristics ethical concepts, ethics Nurhaci Nationality mainly in two aspects.

First of all, the marriage of different nations in their development process. Formation of a different marriage customs. These distinctive marriage customs, both reflect the characteristics of different nationalities, but also reflect the social life of the nation. Manchu early child marriage Banners up to the leaders of all the various decisions, this is the arranged marriage or a Day "marriage" customs of the origin. the offender shall be punished, the so-called hearing on the optional "refers to marriage" is actually "tied to marriage," the Manchu patriarchal system and the remnants of early manifestation of slavery. "Manchuria old customs, where the married, depending on the nation will compete with, the beginning of wealth, excluding the temporary" 's children born to listen to the matching, or listen to Prince, not 'm independent. "Nurhaci an alliance with other ministries in the process, it shows that this marriage. He also has a feature on marriage is that human relations a sense that his marriage with the Jurchen in the community remnants of the clan system. Manchu old customs, marriage do not speak the line generation. such as "1615 (Wanli forty-three years) the first month, Nurhachi then married women Horqin hole fruit Erbei Le Bor's wife Jin Ji" A twelfth sub-grid Nurhaci marry Mongolian Ministry of Economic Seoul female wife bore fruit, "Mongolian Nurhaci marry his son with the Ministry of Women wife bore fruit Seoul, the Han Chinese do seem violation of human relations. And in the Jurchen it is normal in the.

Second, the old Manchu family, seniority, men and women are different, Dishu have so orderly hierarchy, popular Japanese "family has one hundred, the principal one," and less on the older generation of people respectfully, do not 'm slightly slack, although men and women are different, the status of men and women almost equally. Manchu customs of interpersonal etiquette. both Respect Sincerely, hospitality and other good manners, but also Han Confucianism "three cardinal guides and the five permanent members" of feudal morality, of course, retains some of the clan the residual system. Respect Sincerely. "Big Man Ceremony" and especially respect for the old Sincerely else, this is traditional. "junior Jing Jin, Li, the remnants of the regime to respect. Respect Sincerely." Big Man Ceremony "and especially respect for the old Sincerely else, this is traditional." junior Jing Jin, Li, want to respect my elders. suddenly met along the way, if riding, kneeling kowtow to dismount, to make way through, if sitting, kneeling down ... ... when the original incomplete if the banquet. kneeling kowtowing. "Nurhaci mentioned above, in the revelation five years (AD 1625. destiny years), treated leaves He may be the behavior of the two old to carry on that tradition. salute, salute its own ethnic Manchu characteristics of different objects, on different occasions, subject to different rites, "full of people meet to Qugong for the ceremony. meet after a long absence, the Baoyao, such as a sixty-one years (Wanli forty-five years, fate two years) the first month, Horqin Ming Baylor to statehood, "Tribute", Nurhachi Jiaoying Barry, hold the line immediately Jian Li , welcome home barbecue set, when Baylor Nurhaci Ying Ming Horqin. the line immediately hold Jian Li, the line of courtesy, may follow the Manchu traditional etiquette.

Although different modes of production and way of life, different Economic conditions, brought the concept of different ethics, it also brings things in terms of national awareness among different values. But these differences did not affect the Nurhachi Confucian thought on the absorption of traditional ethics, and the wisdom of an expert Nurhaci in the sense that moral values ​​of Confucianism and the absorption is not comprehensive. he can from the Jurchen social reality, to find a full, two kinds of ethical and moral concepts of Chinese intertwined entry point to two different moral values ​​reached in the minds of Nurhaci true integration.


Second, the compatibility
Ethics Nurhaci compatibility is mainly reflected in the traditional Confucian ethics on the absorption of its injunctions Nurhachi, always runs through the Confucian "loyalty, faith, righteousness," marriage and "filial piety" ethical moral thinking, such as requiring the King to emphasize "public honesty, gratitude," King of the Road as part of its line of ethical standards, and requirements of courtiers should be "Zhongzhi, Keswick", in order to repay the king's "care" of grace. for its allied departments required to get "the letter," and not contrary to the Covenant, in the marriage, then the requirements of women "along her husband," Do not abandon the "women live by," for its future generations, calling for "the road when the world observe filial piety, can not be countered also. "He believes that is the day the son of Khan, Khan, father in days, from Baylor, Secretary of State is the son of Khan, Khan is all Baylor, minister father, all applications are all Baylor, Minister's son, all Baylor, Minister is the father of all applications, Aharon is the son of the owner, the owner is the father of Ahab. up and down are father and son relationship, the request Sincerely, Zijing father allowed greedy private, not allowed to the heart of violent rape Health thieves, each must diligent in their duties. all applications, according to Ahmed Khan, all Baylor, Minister of instructions to act, committed, or else, and worry it will definitely come to the 'big wise Khan Nurhaci new ideas, study its true meaning, is nothing more than more clearly accepted the Ming Dynasty, the feudal Jun-Jun, Chen Chen, the father father and the son son of the ethical and moral concepts, which undoubtedly is a significant change. In this concept, the family thought filial piety, loyalty to the emperor thought has been extended to the whole community. The ruler and subject, father and son, filial piety, faithfulness and other ethical concepts repeatedly advocated the Ming in the post-feudal superstructure of gold gradually dominated the field, and make payment after the slavery of the feudal system instead of the transition to a more deepening extent developed. also marks the ethical concepts Nurhaci rule in their political maturity achieved in, and shows a Nurhaci ethics in the compatibility features.

Third, the political
For in a special historical circumstances of the Nurhachi concerned, he just as tribal chiefs, the country's monarch, after the existence of gold, but also as a social reformer then appear in the stage of history, which in largely determines the ethics of Nurhaci possess the characteristics of their politics.

Nurhaci political ethics is mainly reflected in the thinking of marriage and filial piety. First, in terms of marriage reflect the political, mainly Nurhachi marriage as a means to achieve two political objectives, first to appease the tribal allegiance, and second, with other tribes to come, such as "Nur Huggins wish to apply for grandfather of revenge "in the" only have left a thirteen "situation. in order to" increase and this Part Kazakhstan Wood River Zhaizhu just good Nice, "" too bare to the same mother sister wife just ha Shan "Another example is a good hada to the settlement of the Ministry, the Ministry of Nurhachi impose grace to its accounting for the main fabric too," December. cloth accounted for so forget the grace with those from three hundred to Ye, the younger brother of millet Dynasty Hatch Baylor female children so his wife of Ecuador stone, armor fifty, Chi Shu ten to gift to give. "This is the beginning of Nurhachi revolted, for ministries to create a unified statehood Jurchen taken by means of political conditions , can be said that this means really played a stabilizing role of other ministries, with the growing military strength Nurhaci, go ask ministries have, in this case, he is still using marriage means to appease the submission tribe. If the East China Sea Wu Ji Department of Tiger child Kazakhstan two chiefs king grid, Zhang frame rate of a hundred tribute fruit. Since then, Wu Ji Hu child Kazakhstan within the Ministry of residence of the person in years to pay tribute, "one chief foil Geary Deng Liuren beg for marriage, Dynasty to Chen's daughter, with the six, to ask his heart. "cloth accounted for too find the daughter of Dynasty, and Xu Yong Lai it. Dynasty wooden library complex will be a girl of stone princess wife, sent the gift to send courtier . "hip hip Palestinian child Health A special children Yu-Han Lu Beile buses have children, son Eng Taiwan Kyrgyzstan, the first tribes to Koujian to marry him, the Emperor Jia will play La Yudi female Han Xun Dai Jun Lu Beile the soil wife of the Lord. to send their way. "coax Taiwan Ministry of Kyrgyzstan Kouxian Obama, God is discretionary, a large banquet, with odd funds to bald dragon sets of female gizzard sister wife."
As can be seen from the above information, which play a decisive role in the form of marriage is no longer personal feelings and wishes, but the interests of family background. This is a character with a political directive, or the nature of Economic transactions marriage. Aristocrats family, women, in fact, often become the supreme ruler of a tool to maintain political interests. Jianzhou Jurchen nobles princes of Mongolia with the Mongolian marriage is a good example, in 1614 (four years of Wanli) Nuer Ha Red's four sons, namely, good to marry the second son on behalf of the Department of Zhong Mei Lun Beile Zha Lute female wife, the fifth son of Mang Guer Tai Zha Lute married sister wife Baylor Department of Naqi, the eighth child to marry Mongolian Ministry of Taiji Mang Gusibeile female wife, and the maintenance of the political marriage is temporary, with the collapse of political union, this form of marriage would not exist, such as "kill both fierce Emirates (Mengge Bu Lu) and room his son, has been another of the Executive and the prisoners. "historical facts of this historical data is this: After statehood hada broken. Mang Nurhaci old daughter to Mengge Bu Ji Lu as his wife. But this is only from the political needs of the moment, so in turn was Nurhaci gingham Lu Yu, "set Zhaizhong, falsely accused of the crime, to kill to. "Ming faction to sign statehood questioning, Nurhachi to ease conflicts, again the daughter to the son of Lu Meng Gebu Cavour ancient wife, but soon, he again Cavour on the ancient imprisoned .1601 (Wanli twenty-nine years), Ming Dynasty Diqian the ancient order of statehood Cavour sent back to Hatta. Nurhaci can not but life had to give back to the ancient hada Cavour.

Second, the Nurhaci ethics is not a manifestation of his personal ideology, as a country of the king, his ideology is reflected in the consciousness of the whole country, which is to maintain his authority, the ideas of the great Administration led to its ideological content has great maneuverability. it is not just the idea Nurhachu, more importantly, the king after King Khan, the idea of ​​a Chief Executive's thinking, so, in addition to marriage embodied in the concept of political ethics Nurhaci, the Nurhachi Ethics Thought and filial piety in the family also closely linked to political domination, in the promotion of loyalty on the basis of filial piety, and the filial piety, loyalty to the emperor thinking as the guiding ideology of its rule. Embodied in his treatment of "killing the brother quiet child" on these two things. Reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com Nurhaci rule the region with expanded gradually from scattered statehood trend toward unification began Nurhaci internally referred to as "Shu Le Beile" Translation "Cong Rui Wang", the supreme ruler of the league, Qi Shu Erha brother called the "ship to". "ship will" Korean, meaning unknown. known as Qi Shu Erha "There are military exploits, have all the heart, You Chang as a" 达尔罕巴图鲁 "double Yong number. so you can infer that the so-called" ship to ", when referring to military systems Generals identity. However, Qi Shu Erha internally known as "Baylor", in fact, with his brother and said "two King." Wanli twenty-three years (1595), Ming Tong Shi He Shiguo, South Korea Zhong Shen a main book Jurchen statehood has visited the hinterland Foe La (old Old Town), according to what they see: Nurhaci brother and said "two captaincy," hospitality dinner feast, who dresses all colors are equal, each of 10 home care, sub- for the gate, the parties and the door arm brother more than the public, "Zhu Jiang" (allegiance to the ministries Emirates) more than 150, brother 5000 under the command of Yuzhong, "Zhujiang" more than 40, usually with a military training under the poly, called the soldiers set off, respectively. This is clearly a "two Chief" phenomenon. "two Chief" appears, and the clan society of regional organizations are not expanded, management services increased, especially the history of military activities related to the process tend to frequent, At the same time, after all, tribal power from lax to focus on a transitional form. "Chief two" system, has clearly become the Jurchen society organizations to further concentration of political power to achieve a unified barrier.

Covetous of power and material greed of the expansion of the emirate was side by side into the alienation factor. According to a North Korean envoy Chung Shen seen, Qi Shu Erha "Fanbai apparatus, less than his brother far wrong, Qi Shu Erha private told him that in the future unanimous that, if gifts are not compete with my brother. "dissatisfaction and loneliness. Nurhaci as brother. already ranks Qi Shu Erha a higher position to make his conquest becomes more and more elite. Wanli twenty-three years (1595), the DPRK said Nurhaci "barbarians bundle Jurchen State statehood King David," to the Wanli thirty year (1603), caused by the Korean side of the book will Shiyou claimed: "statehood, etc. where the king", drafting of these instruments, coming from the Name of the Han Chinese handwriting, actually reflected the expansion of power is Nurhachi, "the king of barbarians restraint" in the name of apparently can not make him tired feet, so the party began to Zhuanshan "King" from the ratio. comprised of the dramatic events that thirty-four years Wanli (1606), Mongolia Khalkha as he brought the five kings, "Khan Lun Shu Lekun are "The appellation (province as" kundulun Khan, kundulun. Mongolian language for the cross, full Translated "respectful"), is higher than Baylor's appellation Khan, Khan, Mongol princes offer, indicating that obedience to his command , Nurhachi the Mongolian system of borrowing, but also for his high rank as a layer coating the sacred color. <chip Liao Master paintings> Volume, Xiongting Bi <review into the prisoner seeking only cutting sparse> quoted in the old Walled construction Zha Hada the language of the state army: "I captaincy (mean Nurhaci) and two military governor, speed children Ha Qi (Qi Shu Erha) recently discord, fear of the North Second captaincy off to go vote, so we are here to guard against. with sparse and divert the nine original Bingbei Fushi Stone intrinsic text: "post news themselves slaves Emirates Walled City for repair, do not blame the men went to work fast Emirates. asked why. then says: For the other two captaincy will be living in a city also. when thirty-seven years in Wanli (1609) early, Qi Shu Erha original and brother live in the same city, thus resolved to bring home another one city department, the black pull wood land, and to make its timber in preparation for building. "black pull wood, but also for Heche Mu Road, located upstream of Hun River, north of Empress, Nurhachi pre-sent someone to stop their escape road, has no intention spared, March 13 will be designed to brother imprisoned. (P26) Li China Huan <<statehood Wen Jian Lu>> Evaluation Nurhaci man who: "Guess Li Wei storms, though his wife and the darling of factors, few of the disobedient, that increases the killing, is the fear of people did not dare." Murder of things, without dredging permit. so-called "prime loved ones", when including his brother. Nurhaci Qi and Shu Erha Competition on the power, the Nurhachi as the reformers and the old system encountered strong resistance, he in order to strengthen his own authority, continue to disrupt the old tribal system and power status of inevitable conflicts of interest similar to the nobility. in the conflict, placed in front Nurhaci have two options. Or re-brotherhood, tolerance, his brother's behavior, at least one side open Zhou. "Authoritarian or weight, maintain their ruling power, in the treatment of his brother's attitude. He eventually chose the latter, which fully shows that Nurhaci held by political interests, than family. As for Qi Shu Erha speaking, younger brother of being a human being had in all respects to be lower than his brother, and he happens to go beyond the ethical and moral requirements. surface He is a violation of filial piety of the road, in fact, to consolidate its power has become the victim of Nurhaci. *
Nurhaci of his brother adopted the "inhumane" behavior, but the attitude of its sub-Chu Ying has not the slightest change. Chu Ying in the four years of Wanli (1612) mandate in June was in charge of national policy Nurhaci However, the British man Chu selfish, narrow minded, to be Zhu Di, and various cousins ​​Baoqingguayi that Zhu Di Nurhaci have to complain. in their counts in the alleged illegal fighting corruption to take just one product. more What is more, his back to his father, forced Zhu Di of heaven, Nurhachi repeatedly reprimanded Chu Ying, asking him to change course, but with little success, Chu Ying lost political trust in his father Nurhaci . In September, Ural Nurhaci levy troops, good life on behalf of the British Left Early Qing Chu assistance, or it can be said to monitor him, and the following year in March, against Siniora Nurhaci again a few days later occupation of the area. Just at this time, several of his subordinates Chu Ying tip his rebellion, said he wrote privately Khan and Zhu Di's father cursed spell. on the day of burning. For this allegation, Chu British Natural denied. Nurhaci furious after hearing the news , intends to execute him immediately. They worry that killed his eldest son, will leave him a bad precedent, so ordered that he be imprisoned in the gate in the wall. Chu Ying Zhu Di's behavior and treatment of the behavior of his father Nurhaci is a clear violation " filial piety of the Road ", even so, still will not achieve is" confinement "of the state. In fact, he was the same as Qi Shu Erha violated as the family patriarch's authority Nurhachu, or it can be said that he violation of a country as the supreme ruler of the authority of the monarch.

In this case, Nurhachi not because they are "tangled loved ones" and have any tolerance, to defend him is his power. To be clear is that most of the Confucian ethical concepts in relatively stable social situation, it is generally an advocate, and can play a role in maintaining social order, in terms of Nurhachi, a revolted from thirteen left, began his brilliant political career, his life are in a state of war, which the ethics of his decision with strong political orientation, this political tendency. from the other side also shows the maturity of Nurhaci ethics.

From the above analysis shows that the ethics Nurhaci as part of its overall ideology, is beyond the scope of his personal thoughts, to a certain extent. His ethics on behalf of the Jurchen in the advanced ideology of national and become a concentrated expression of these ideologies. In the characteristics of ethics in Nurhaci. Its political or become more prominent, and it is precisely this political, so Nurhaci ethics society at that time as well as future generations can profound impact on society. Links to Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com