Ethics for the comparison of Laozi and Wang Bi

Abstract: This paper Laozi and Wang Bi on the Ethics of the origin of the moral, ethical life skills approach, similarities and differences between moral ideals were compared, and revealed the same in different Ethics, different, but have the same is due to two different social background, personal experience, as well as ideological and cultural impact of the previous generation. point out the Ethics forms similar. Its history and reflect the contents of the motivation is different and therefore both the historical connection between the two, and differences between them.

Paper Keywords: comparative Ethics
I and Bi are from the "inaction" "natural" starting value of certain individuals against the moral formalism, to expose the hypocrisy of moralizing, there is the design of ideal moral realm and yearning for its "inaction" and "reverence than Micro "The life skills approach as its ultimate goal of Ethics. but because of different social background, ideological base, and personal experience, both in dealing with the attitude of the existing Tsunatsune ethical code itself, moral ideals, but also with the life skills methods are different. Bi I inherited doctrine, but aid Road, Confucianism, for <<I note, "was his thought to play. In this paper, the Laozi and Wang Bi Ethics and the causes of similarities and differences to make a Chuqian comparison.

1 "Road often inaction" and "Norm the natural" the origin of the moral
I put Chongshang Ren, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, ethics as "doing nothing" loss of virtue. The product of social chaos. Is "promising." That "road waste, there is righteousness. Wyse out, a large false. Relatives could not and, with Hau Chi. National morbid and a loyal." ("I>> Chapter XII. The following cited << I>> only Note Chapter) social chaos, evil place, only to develop and promote various moral saint as the criteria for people's behavior. This ethical people "whom" will be to maintain the good reputation and attributed to fame and fortune and therefore the best way to battle the "action", for "Road often inaction" Road fertility and grow into all things, said this virtue should be all the world, including people that do the same. so people can "Inaction "is the Law" Road "and anything at all. I kind of" Doing Nothing "from" knowing they are impossible, "the ten will enjoy a rational point of view, is doing nothing, but from the road of" natural "perspective is the" all as "in the" inaction "and" Promising "moral opposition shows the origin of the contents of the Laozi. Bi inheritance and transformation of I" born "of the cosmologists. All things considered "a non-oriented." He said, "there is the beginning of the order without first" (<<I note>> thirty-eighth chapter. The following cited <<I note>> Chapter Notes only) and "all things Although expensive, to doing nothing with, not that the body can not care, homes without that body, is missing the the big carry on "(ibid.). Under its" no "and" have "the cart before the horse body with the point of view, he further discusses the nature relationship with Norm. view that the original state, people knowledge and without desire, attributed to "Park" or "true", then "true" casual, so "a hundred lines out special class of students, the saints because of their dispersion, so Legislative officers whom ."(<< Note>> twenty-eight chapters) and "the system before the officers they can not stand birthright to be hierarchy." Norm and thus maintain the hierarchy Xian Yu (ethics) is The natural, the relationship between nature and Norm. Is the mother ins and outs, and so, "Norm out of nature", this is Wang Bi, "a non-oriented" view of the universe on the ontology of moral reflection.

Clear from both the I or Bi, have denied that the benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, ethics of human nature as an abstract or mystical view of God. I said the origin of morality. From the Society of the economic relations and development to explore the reasons for ethics and the Law. That they are neither the arrangement of God, nor is the product of subjective will. Wang Bi on the Laozi and the development of doctrine to be specific, that ethics is "no," the natural mother was born, and denied by the mystery of God and ethics Students claim. in the methodology, Lao Tzu, "action" theory and Wang Bi's "no-first" cart before the horse body with that, there are obvious shortcomings, that they regarded the natural of Heaven, mechanical copying of the " humanity "that is human society. deny the natural and social phenomena of the nature of differences.

Laozi and Wang Bi's body on the origin of moral purpose is different: I was to deny the Norm, and Norm Wang Bi is to affirm the role. I think that in a civilized society. With the historical development from the moral bankruptcy, moral simplicity of the wind generated in the loss of people. And therefore should be rejected. Bi argument Norm the natural, Norm form is necessary, just to have a Norm of maintenance operation, in order to play the role of Norm. A generation of new relations of production, there will be new moral relationship, resulting in a new relationship for this moral code of ethics, which is reflected the positive role of ethics. this point of departure, Wang Bi's view is more reasonable.

2 Methods and moral ideals and moral cultivation
Since I believe that the generation of moral degeneration of moral self, is "promising" results. Confusion is caused by reasons of social relations. So we must make moral "involution in the Park." On the one hand to "never abandon Ren Yi" to cancel the ethical conditions of the most fundamental moral subject enough to eliminate the subjective factor. This should be devoid of knowledge, desire, "for the road ... 'his secrets." Because the study will increase knowledge, desire, knowledge and more, the more can not understand the "first world" in their life "inaction" and "Road." To understand "Road", must also abandon the sense of experience, "plug the dollar, closed its doors, life is not ground" (Fifty-two chapters) until the "knowledge and without desire." Can achieve the "naive" moral ideal, can be seen, from "his secrets" and less knowledge, desire, and "Dao" "anti-Park" is the father of the moral ideal, but also the specific training methods. With I Like Norm's anti-formalism of Wang Bi, that it has been acquisitiveness of the believers as a phony, a tool for fame. "For patients and Xing were thin line, Chong Renyi and Sri Lanka caused more false, the status of this operation were almost the cheap?" (<<I mean a little>>) but he is not as negative as I benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, the name of the proposed maintenance and save the Confucian code of the recipe. Ideal moral society and design. Since all the "no faith" "Norm of this nature", "natural" is "the" Norm is the "end", then make the "Rende thick," not a single by promoting benevolence, righteousness, propriety and ethics of their best work, but "any name to number things, the loss of the mother of governance also" ("Notes>> Chapter Thirty). it is not" abandoning his mother and with his son , abandoned its the end of this and appropriate "(<<Note>> thirty eight chapters) will" absolutely wisdom, discard knowledge, "so people" reverting to simplicity ", the so-called" worship of principal and interest at the end ", then" no desire for Humanity and Benevolence keep the motivation to save for righteousness and justice. "where" absolutely benevolence ", or" keep the mother in order to save his son, to give the end of the Sung (<<I mean a little>>) to "shape and have made the evil name does not of Health, with days in great beauty of China, not "(<<Note>> thirty eight chapters) of the moral ideal society.


Visible. In the moral training methods, they are anti-formalism external moral education. Stands for "action", "his secrets." As the moral and knowledge, desire and even the interests are absolutely nothing to do with "sacred." This not only excluded the moral understanding, but even people's free will. Reject all acts of choice. I achieving its purpose. And Wang Bi's "nature-based," "Norm is the end" of the proposition itself, including the form of disdain for Norm. The same can not be achieved "natural" and "Norm" unity, but as the family patriarch dissolute lifestyle Shi provide a theoretical basis, may lead to denial of both Norm and moral realm of the ideal design, the contents are different. Lao Tzu's vision of "de facto" and "D's World", that "love do not know that Jen, I do not know that the true and loyal, but I do not know when that letter" ("Ch.>"). I aim reversion in the "Park" the ideal society. Bi characteristics of the times, played and transformation I thought. That the ideal of the moral realm should be the "shape name and have made the evil never was a large U.S. distribution days in China, not" level. Father of the moral ideal for human moral development of knowledge and moral consciousness of the reactionary, is illusory and anti-realistic . compared to say, worthy of the name of Wang Bi's more practical rationality, as in reality did not meet the moral state of his set, can not be responsible to Wang Bi.

3 "inaction" and "reverence than micro" attitude of
Life skills yes I thought the core of ethics, the attitude sometimes expressed as a tendency over the world, sometimes expressed as Shun Spirit. I Chuzai dangerous social environment, he thinks real life pursuit is to maintain itself, but to achieve this objective must be "inaction." He said, "Heaven and Earth were so long and long, with its non-self, and it could live forever, the sage of its body and the body first, kept outside the body and the body" (Chapter VII), to achieve the "whole" purpose of To achieve "peace and quiet ... '~ weak at the next undisputed" because "weak persons, students, who, strong person, death of the believers" (sixty-seventh chapter) is not only weak competition before they can become invincible to to avoid evil ourselves. In his view, "promising" will lead to failure, must be "contentment," "disaster greater than not knowing, guilt is greater than for enriching" (forty-sixth chapter), and thus to be confused with the earth, not exposed edge. relief disputes, achieve "no Ke Deer Lee, Yibukede and harm" to transcend worldly entanglement, and seek their own preservation. reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com I of the "weak indisputable, "" contentment, "the super-world spirit, the form included in the negative positive. I call the" weak "is not commonly referred to as weak, which contains a very tough character, it is this character that Even in bad times people have overcome difficulties to meet the light. weak, Humility, open-minded people with heart volume, accumulation of the nation's broad mind and the spirit of national humility. But Lao Tzu's "evil greater than not knowing," saying, it is easy to be negative and back roads of people-oriented, to develop a kind of status quo, not for the conservative and progressive attitude. He stressed that the weak do not fight, and to achieve at the end, if people are living in this atmosphere. And enthusiastic spirit will be lost. Not dare to protest against unreasonable phenomena become spineless and lacks personality, which lost the courage to uphold and pursue the truth. This is the "inaction" attitude of the negative effects. And I the same, Wang Bi's attitude of life rather in his thought characteristics. the face of political instability, the social reality of the fatal disaster at any time, how to protect themselves, they became the focus of his thinking, made the art of self-protection to cope with the current situation. Since the objective things difficult to grasp, the world political situation is difficult to set up, people Juhuo deep, it would have to "Coming to the origin with no" that is on the honor, favor not pursued because the "safe Morrow is not competing, self-protection amendment is Morrow. keep the Fuk Road, Paul is seeking to shame. "(<" perceiving a little example: Yi Gua>>) any desire, may also provoke the fatal disaster, to retire from the world to protect themselves, must in their daily lives, "reverence for addition to micro, Shenwei addition to chaos" (<<Note>> sixty-fourth chapter), must "not have", "In addition to micro-" The key is "cautious", which one can "reverence than micro" can be tantamount to pure, the heart if the dry well, seeding, even if it is " Jilei breaking wind, Piaofeng Zhenhai not scared, "even in the face" of national subjugation off Jun "and" insulted his wife. color, "the great changes can ease in to the land of the dead no.

Wang Bi, "reverence for addition to micro," the life skills approach. Was the product of the times. Lao Tzu is also "doing nothing" attitude of life of the party to play. This "reverence than micro" approach, in the Wei and Jin usurp killing of the world, after all, a wonderful way to preserve one avoid misfortune. However, in sinister society, ultimately it is difficult to save itself. Xiang, Wei and other thinkers are killed to death. This ultra-thinking instead of becoming the world's top molecules, live in dreams. The defense of beds many. It is set at daily meals to some of the upper strata of money for a twenty thousand dollars, "the luxury of the fee, even in natural disasters," it also said that GAO, flaunt mind lofty, detached mind, this is distorted social forms of humanity distorted.


Thought of any thinker can not do without the times of their social background, personal experience and ideological and cultural impact of the previous generation, from the perspective of social background. I at times of social change, "<strategic policy making Qin Four>> records, Han Wei Qin attack the two countries, the soldiers "rip off belly Yi, physical separation of the first storm of bone swamp, stiff head down", "people do not talk about Health, race discrete." disputes over at that time, too much killing other people's suffering caused, I put forward the "Humility" "indisputable" political strategy and philosophy, as public pressure on those who often killing those who kill hundreds of thousands, is a powerful lash. He the banner of reason, trying to attitude, moral accomplishment arouse the conscience of the mind does not struggle to stop acts of war. In this case, the "soft" "uphold women" reflects the voice of the times. Aspirations of the people and the people's hopes for peaceful living environment. I can see the ideas and closely linked to his time, put that time to show its positive historical role, and because of this, only its specific historical limits Jin era of frequent wars, is filled with turmoil, bloody society. In this era of frequent usurpation, gestures, injure, kill at any time of the disaster. compel people concerned about the meaning of human life. For a brief sigh of life the intellectual as a typical tone. the face of the suffering of the times, Wang Bi, and intellectuals of that period felt painfully intense conflict between ideal and reality, personality and psychological state of division, the ideas shown contradictory tendencies, on the one hand certain reality, concern for the fate, and actively pursuing make contributions, on the other hand performance and to express personal distress and anguish. Wang Bi's advocacy of "free based" comprehensive Taoism to Confucianism, "Wisdom" for the conduct of the on, he Taoist "modest retreat" of Germany to preserve one household to the entire Fluke. That is, "Saint and Emperor" of the road. Because of the characteristics of the times, so that the pursuit of the Super Sai Wang Bi Laozi's super ideal and spirit of the world is different is the reality and the ideal of unity is the "body in the temple above the heart is no different from mountain forests, "the real life.

Ethical thinkers from personal experience to see. I was late Spring and Autumn who's a member of the class, then get a certain soil class status. Gentleman, those engaged in the worldly, who boarded the top of the power of patriarchal aristocracy highly recognized and to maintain all aspects of it. However, identification with the monarchy in politics, most of who are still trying to protect their class ideals and independence, adhere to orthodoxy than political orthodoxy. I design the ideal solution for the deities, but also critically on the reality of Wisdom. He's ethics could become ruler of the ideological and administrative management tools. On the other hand from the cultivation of personality in the political ideal of sets up a conflict once and reality, it is possible to not compromise constitutes a critical spirit and the reality of political opposition. Bi "Child Care Review Hui, more than ten years, a good Taoist, pass defense can be made" (<<Bi Biography>>) between the Wei Zheng Shi, Wang Bi and other Zushu Lao, the wind began to metaphysics. as the "matter" of the main representative . Bi little political activities, but his awareness of current affairs, strongly opposed to escape the hermit. on contemporary issues and the political long-standing abuse was a deep understanding and observation. as the Wei and Jin young thinkers, in a historical sense of responsibility to his past the ruling ideology, in particular, a critical summary of the Confucian ethical code, and thus move his ethics. advocated "Norm for nature," Confucian harmony, provide for the ruler of statecraft, but also explore settle down the road.

From the ideological and theoretical look at the process of historical development. Spring and Autumn period of social change in the ideological field, competition, thinkers uprisings of the situation, mainly Confucianism, Mexico, Taoism, Law of four. The school received its own ethics form, the establishment of a different structure with the internal logic theoretical system. and I both and Confucianism, "Narrating", "Tao Yao and Shun Road" different. and with the legalists are different, his critical attitude to the Western Zhou culture, denying the traditional patriarchal hierarchy specification. Reflects the "people in Masquerade," the kind of "afterlife can not be, Wangshi not chase" attitude. Wang Bi's ethics and its beginning to sing his metaphysics, is the occasion of Han philosophers summary of theories and ideological evolution of the inevitable end. Bi In "<I mean a little>> pointed out that since the Spring and Autumn Coutribution , way, method, and miscellaneous income have also all been lost. Taoism was done only "Chung with interest at the end of this, keep the mother in order to keep children" not only higher than the home, and not missing the strengths of each. Metaphysics the immediate motivation is thinking of the late Eastern Han Dynasty Crisis of the Norm Norm's become a career by learning shortcuts, exegetical Chapters Style has become fashionable. "Lift scholar, I do not know the book; police filial piety, the parent not living. Han Su Qing gonorrhea drunk, high will be the first good mood for the Chicken "(<<Baopuzi trial peak>> resulted in" top grade non-poor family, family of low-grade non-potential "(<<Book of Jin Liu Yi Chuan") situation. Norm though produced a crisis, but does not mean that no longer meet the feudal rule Norm etiquette needs to play the role of Norm, must find a new theoretical basis and forms, on the "Name the Debate" Metaphysics is produced. demonstration of natural and Norm's reunification is the subject of ethics Wang Bi. has become the subject of metaphysics, the existence of Confucian code is intended to provide a new metaphysical foundation. to save the Norm of the crisis.

In summary, I thought to Wang Bi's ethics, both its historical necessity, but also thinking of logical necessity. Its historical background and ideological foundation for the existing similarities. Are also different. Therefore decided to Wang Bi and the historical link between Laozi. Bi or development, whether I inherited doctrine, the times are subject to its inseparable. Their ethics. Later, the Chinese history, culture, people's social life, psychological structure and the quality of all produced a positive and negative effects. Which combines the practical and moral construction today, reflect on their ethics, and grasp the development of Wang Bi on the Laozi. Eliminate their negative impact. Have practical significance. Reposted elsewhere in the Research Papers Download http://www.hi138.com