Active ingredients of anti-TB medicine Maozhaocao progress analysis

[Keyword] Maozhaocao extract chemical composition tuberculosis Research
Maozhaocao (Radix Ranunculi Ternati RANUNCULACEAE small buttercup roots, is the 1950 discovery in Xinyang, Henan a new prescription anti-TB medicines, traditional Chinese medicine clinics after the agency by the Xinyang according to its root form and can treat sore characteristics of rat named Maozhaocao [1], 2005 edition of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia>> it reproduces. Maozhaocao to root for medicinal, warm, sweet and acrid, with swelling, relieves congestion of the function, in recent years found a better anti-TB and anti-tumor effect and become a Research hotspot [2], has become the national focus on the development of one of three types of herbs.

1 the chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine Maozhaocao
The chemical composition of the Maozhaocao few studies have reported that the active ingredient has not exactly been reported. The determination of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Cat's Claw roots contain amino acids, organic acids and sugars. The whole plant is 16% sugar , oil 1.2%, alkali plants rarely [2], and another reported that cat's claw roots and whole plant was the reaction of amino acids and sugar acids [3].

1.1 Yao Cheng et al [4] Shandong, Hubei, Anhui, Xinjiang and Henan 5 Maozhaocao origin of amino acid analysis showed that Maozhaocao contains rich amino acid, up to 15 different kinds, especially in the aspArtic acid, leucine, glutamic acid and arginine is high.

1.2 Japanese scholars were isolated from the cat's claw roots of glucose, arabinose and galactose [5,6], Xing-country, etc. [7] from the ethyl acetate Maozhaocao isolated β-D-glucose. Jiahui Qing et al [8 ] The colorimetric determination of the soluble sugar content 10.6%.

1.3 the whole mountain plexus [9] The roots of Maozhaocao atomic absorption spectrometry and contains many essential trace element with important physiological functions, such as Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr, etc., and to Zn, Fe, Mn content is high, and tuberculosis patients in hair zinc and iron were significantly lower than in Healthy people, so that the high zinc content may fight tuberculosis patients because of reduced zinc-induced atrophy of immune organs, immune cells was inhibited, the immune response reduced, decreased white blood cells and other disinfection treatments help.

1.4 up to Qu Jiang et al [10] from petroleum ether extracts were isolated by myristic acid octadecyl ester, eicosanoids, and stigmasterol. Guo Xuemin [11] In addition to the above three compounds were isolated, but also isolated of β-sitosterol, γ-keto-δ-valerolactone (ie, small buttercup lactone) and β-sitosterol and stigmasterol D-glucoside. Wangai Wu et al [12] Maozhaocao ultra fatty acids in supercritical fluid extraction (SFE extraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS method from which 12 compounds were identified, of which the main component of hexadecanoic acid. CHEN et al [13] Maozhaocao for extraction and extract by enrichment for methyl, and by GC-MS method for its fatty acid and organic acid composition analysis and identification, the results show that Maozhaocao ether extract detected contain 23 substances, identified one of the 15 fatty acids and organic acids. Xiong Ying et al [14] using solvent extraction and column chromatography separation from ethyl acetate and n-butanol pArt of isolation and identification of nine compounds, including flavonoids crude Kauri 4 '- ether (I, Torreya double flavonoids (I, Podocarpus two flavonoids A, gingko and other elements.

1.5 Zhanghai Song et al [15] Maozhaocao extraction of essential oil and its GC-MS analysis, the results show that the conventional steam distillation of the volatile oil were identified 61 kinds of ingredients, the main compounds of esters, alkanes , aromatic compounds, including esters based mainly succinate isobutyl, methyl isobutyl succinate, followed by hydrocarbons, mainly pentacosane Forty-alkyl, forty-fourth alkanes, aromatic compounds are 1 - methylnaphthalene, 2 - methyl naphthalene and other compounds, in addition to small amounts of acids, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, allyl and sulfur compounds, while ultrasonic Extraction of volatile oil were identified out of 49 kinds of ingredients, the main compound of hydrocarbons and esters, of which the paraffin-based, there are two main diethyl isobutyl, methyl isobutyl succinate, followed by alkanes, mainly of 25 alkyl, forty alkyl, four tetradecane, aromatic compounds are 1 - methylnaphthalene, 2 - methyl naphthalene and other compounds, in addition to small amounts of acids, ketones, aldehydes, alcohols, allyl and sulfur compounds.

1.6 Mr Chan et al [16] using DEAE-Cellulose-52 and Superdex 200 column chromatography to get a kind of β-D-glucopyranosyl-based polysaccharide - protein complexes, can enhance the immune cells to the inhibition of tumor cell HL260 role.

2 Maozhaocao mechanism of action of anti-TB
2.1 Maozhaocao pharmacological studies have shown that the three agents Maozhaocao (decoction, crude drug powder and the alcohol extract) in vitro human model of virulent M. tuberculosis have different degrees of inhibition, decoction Maozhaocao crude drug powder inhibitory concentration of 1:10, the alcohol extract of the inhibitory concentration of 1:1000, and the strong inhibitory than isoniazid. TIAN Fei-Fei et al [17] found that extracts of fungi Maozhaocao cucumber anthracnose fungus and cabbage black spot bacteria at the concentration of 0.01 g / ml under the conditions of the two plant pathogenic mycelial growth inhibition rate of more than 50% can be considered as a biological pesticide. Maozhaocao the decoction, crude drugs and alcohol powder extracts in vitro human virulent type of tuberculosis (H37RV) have different degrees of inhibition, and the slightly stronger inhibitory effects than isoniazid would Ranunculus grass, water extract of Artemisia annua filtered to 1:200 concentration of traditional Chinese medicine made of Lowenstein-Jensen medium and the control medium, after sterilization by the suspension were inoculated with M. tuberculosis, the results in TB control medium grew well, and no tuberculosis growth medium of traditional Chinese medicine.

2.2 It was through them that the trace element analysis, trace elements in hair in patients with tuberculosis Zn, Fe, Mn content was significantly lower than normal, Maozhaocao the higher Zn, Fe, Mn content of confrontation as a result of lower Zn suppression of immune cells the body, thus weakening the susceptibility to infection [18], but this mechanism is not sufficient reason sterilization.

2.3 Zhan Li et al [19,20] using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction semi-quantitative (Qc-RT-PCR method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR method, the active ingredient Maozhaocao small buttercup lactone (Tern were anti- TB Mechanisms of Molecular Immunology and contained a small buttercup Maozhaocao lactone of tuberculosis in vitro peptide cleavage around the lymphatic vessels (GLS gene expression, Tern is extracted from the isolated Maozhaocao a δ- within the lipid compounds, identified as γ-keto-δ-lactone Shu. GLS in cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells were induced activation of late expression of a peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, especially to kill the tuberculosis bacteria, therefore, GLS is the level of gene expression in CTL to kill intracellular bacteria molecular indicator of performance, Tern is expected as a novel endogenous peptide antibiotics pArticle cracking inducer drug-resistant TB.

2.4 Maozhaocao polysaccharides and saponins can be significantly enhanced mouse peritoneal macrophage function and promote the formation of serum hemolysin and increase the number of peripheral blood T lymphocytes [21], which play the role of anti-TB. Lijun Xia [22] is reported to Maozhaocao polysaccharide in normal mouse peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis increased role for the best.

3 Preparation and clinical application of Maozhaocao
As Maozhaocao with swelling, relieves congestion, and many other effects, has long been in clinical applications commonly used in preparations of both capsules, pills, powder, mixture, 25% tincture, decoction and other oral agents, in addition there Injection However, since most of the hospital preparation, capsule Maozhaocao only received formal approval number and income contained in the "Ministry of Health standards>>, the major domestic Xinyang City, Henan Gushi by the pharmaceutical production. Maozhaocao pills , capsules and powder treatment of lung, spiritual and other anti-tuberculosis medicine can be used to treat tuberculosis. 10% to 15% Maozhaocao decoction can be used for local treatment of tuberculosis. Zhijun [23] The treatment of lymph node tuberculosis Maozhaocao 60 capsules cases, the total efficiency of 98.3%, I Xiu'e et al [24] Maozhaocao capsules plus conventional anti-TB drugs in combination therapy 110 cases of cervical lymph node tuberculosis, clinical total effective rate for 6 months 87.27%, no significant side effects, for isoniazid, streptomycin-resistant patients also have some effect. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 4 Prospects
The resurgence of tuberculosis that once again facing a serious threat to human Health, as a single source of infection, TB is the largest number of deaths caused by infectious diseases, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment of tuberculosis with low-cost, low toxicity, multi-target, etc., medicine, and unilateral compound in the treatment of tuberculosis received an ideal clinical results, the treatment of tuberculosis has a strong prospect. Maozhaocao has good anti-TB effect, but exploitation is not enough, preparation of production scale of minors, as currently Maozhaocao and approved raw materials and production is still only Maozhaocao capsule one. it is necessary to conduct in-depth study of Maozhaocao for Maozhaocao the active ingredient and the active site is not clear the problem, focusing on the effective pArts and active ingredients of their screening for the further development and utilization of Maozhaocao provide a scientific basis, so as to develop new and efficient foundation for the treatment of TB drugs.

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