Under the horizon of modernity in contemporary Chinese discourse pattern TV

(Paper Network [Abstract] China's TV monopoly by the unified field of the general nature of the media to differentiate into different areas of multi-media competition, the process is actually from the country-metadiscourse to the national discourse, elite discourse and public discourse to generate diversity and competition process of China emerging discourse of contemporary television division, is the development of modern Chinese society, the result, but also contains all of the development of China's modern participatory power.

[Keywords:] modern discourse of contemporary Chinese television national public discourse elite discourse

China's TV monopoly by the unified field of the general nature of the media to differentiate into different areas of multi-media competition, the process is actually from the country-metadiscourse to the national discourse, elite discourse and public discourse of diversity and competition in the process of generating this paper from the perspective of modern systems to explore the three kinds of reasons for the formation of discourse, to analyze the spiritual and cultural qualities, among them to show the complex relationship between competition and symbiosis.

First, the dominant position of the national discourse the discourse of contemporary Chinese television appear division, the development of modern Chinese society is the result, but also contains the development of China's modern participatory power. From the national discourse perspective, the emergence of the national discourse system is to respond to modern culture, it is standing on the position of the modern nation-state will promote national, unified whole "country" Imagine, on promoting the global development of a modern kinds of television discourse.

If the form is divided into TV news programs, entertainment programs, educational programs and service programs, then, shape the national discourse is the most important programs news programs, educational programs, and entertainment in the Red Classic TV and some through the mainstream ideology of a large party present, either from the part of the coverage or from the ratings point of view, the system occupies a state discourse of the subject position of television media.

Unifying national discourse by television, the viewing audience will make part of the program in fact is rarely considered, but over the past 10 years has proved a ratings report this discourse has maintained attractive to the audience such as the reflected sound of the upper CCTV "News Network" program, the 30th anniversary of its launch has been occupying the highest position of the average ratings in all the country's television channels comparison ratings, news and current affairs of state power that the most direct will link the program, also played in all kinds of viewership ratings lead role.

This is the mystery, it is to reflect the voice of the national discourse although the top is the top political needs, but it uses a "national" and "Chinese" in the name, but the audience's own position in the nation - state has a potential demand for the recognition and understanding of needs. So, what is the nation-state it? nation-state has often been said to be a modern nation-state, refers to a modern, "nationalist view" (nationhood as the center of the citizen - state relations model [1] 16-17 century is generally considered the beginning of the modern nation-state, while the 17th-century Britain was the first modern nation-state as the typical [2] to the 20th century to establish a modern nation-state has become one of the world's political situation large main trend, and nationalism, highlighting the countries in the world of mainstream ideology.

This modern sense of national interest on behalf of all the nation-state, according to Benedict • Anderson to say, but it is imaginary, "it is to imagine, because even the smallest members of the nation, can not know them Most of the fellow, and they met or even heard of them, however, the images connected to each other but they live in the hearts of every member. "[3] So, how to achieve this imagination? In Anderson Research time, the print and fiction, Anderson was fiction, especially newspapers as an example how the printed text works together social time and space of the imagination, because the newspapers of how people were reading at the ceremony and a unified framework for mutual recognition and while today, more extensive, convenient, infiltration of the television, the advantages of synchronous communication satellite, the better to create a common framework and a unified view when the ceremony was to recognize each other in the whole society. as opposed to newspapers, TV obviously provides a much broader range of public space. different gender, age, culture, class may be formed around the TV all the community [4] to the CCTV <<News Network>> for example, night-time broadcast 19:00 out, and the local stations across the country are mandatory collective broadcast, viewers all watching this, undoubtedly at the same time be integrated into a common space in which national identity, a collective listening to the latest report on the country and from such reports about their own country.

Integration of the audience to organize the nation - the country's imagination, as the country's biggest production of the main discourse, the content of CCTV in the process of change has always maintained its own identity characteristics, and thus form their own advantages assets concrete can be summarized as: a in <<News Network ", <<North Korea News World >>,<< evening news>> other news programs, the monopoly of news resources for the advantage, to convey to the audience to imagine a top-down indoctrination and second, in the <<Focus >>,<< >>,<< Press Room News survey >>,<< face to face>> and other news commentary programs on, in order to spread the national will and attract widespread attention to the audience, these program had guided the audience to imagine, three in the drama, variety shows, entertainment programs such as a large party, the CCTV emphasis is entertaining, with the public in an atmosphere of implicit guide the audience imagination.

In modern society, the modern nation-state citizens to find their own position and cultural identity as a major place, as long as state power can act as a modern development of a strong political guarantee to make the Chinese nation in the world continue to rise, then, by the State power to make the TV system of national discourse is that people will still find a major place of national imagination, is a people's spirit of mutual recognition of the valuable space.

Second, the fast and violent system of public discourse is a public discourse in contemporary China, the most extensive television coverage of the language system, as long as TV stations have the presence of public discourse and it lifted the pleasure principle, pleasure-oriented to cater to popular culture, a modern sensibility of the entertainment factory.

The so-called modern sensibility, the most important is to be released from the human desire to survive, it is both the traditional Santa result of social disintegration, but also the formation and development of modern deep dynamic, mainly for the feeling of spiritual order, is simply give up or pursuit of rational thinking and transcendence of relief, and let this feeling stay in the materialistic side of the world, the "feeling rose to the guiding principles of life, the pursuit of feeling the desire to meet the limits of the meaning of life has become. This psychological experience of the structure will be all fixed, eternal or ultimate value of digestion in the sacred sense of the passage of the psychological factors, in which only the 'now', 'moment' of the sensory experience of architecture, the present state of mind that is inevitable Bell described the emotional to the 'carpe diem' for the end. "[5] the mass culture of industrial society, is to create some kind of daily life in the circulation of pleasure, the feeling rose to the guiding principles of life, release of human perceptual creativity. This kind of sensibility "instant gratification" for the fate of cultural pursuits, in the modern market and modern science and technology of multi-driven, the result is the formation of a variety of entertainment workshop: popular fiction, popular film, popular Music, TV variety shows, soap operas, and so on.

In China, the pursuit of modern sensibility in the reform and opening up to be sure, in the economic field, "to expand domestic demand" and "consumer-driven production" and other slogans of reform and a strong call, the "survival of the human desire to be modern sensibility development of deep dynamic "the truth of the whole society of people living in the set down, and with China's rapid economic growth," consumption "and" fashion "has become the dominant consciousness of young people living with prior to the 1970s." hard-working "," thrift "as a virtue in society created a huge gap in the context of this era, the 1990s television entertainment as a representative of the public discourse in the national discourse and the discourse of elite competition According to Hu Zhifeng in <<TV aesthetic outline>> in the view, pure sense of the emergence of television entertainment factory, marked end of the year 1998, Hunan Satellite TV <<Happy Camp>> launch the program. affected by this, "a time, labeled as 'happy', 'joy' and other names of television game shows in a variety of mainstream TV media have appeared, so that the viewers a fresh, rush. "[6] Since then, Hunan Satellite TV has been" happy all China "as the slogan of the size of the leading domestic TV entertainment television style.

Since the general provincial television stations in the production of discourse in the country can not shake the authority of the CCTV, it turned to popular direction, eager to open up local people's livelihood in the civilian entertainment news and pop culture territory, competition between the various units and relatively independent regime in this process, Dragon TV, Hunan Satellite TV, Jiangsu Satellite TV, Satellite TV, Guizhou, Jiangxi rookie TV and other local TV stations from the local competition, win a national television audience a lot of attention in the market Driven by interests, they are careful to avoid the taboo of national discourse, indifferent elite discourse demands, pushing the mass entertainment culture, great to meet, to incite the public's demand for sensual pleasures, for a time, China's passion for great expansion of public entertainment, public a blossoming culture.

Public discourse system of competition features for the audience to create a Living Happy "dream" factory, mainly reflected as follows: First, the news of entertainment, news by orthodox concept of deconstruction, for the audience to create a world to escape and indulge in a rational entertainment modern myth, the second, with the psychedelic life soap opera, "Cinderella" and "big man" of modern myth, to satisfy the audience instead of entertainment, fantasy, desire to escape from reality, three types of programs in the entertainment variety, by a variety of star types of programs and a star type of program and constructed to allow narcissistic self-satisfied and not others, the myth.

Competitive advantage lies in the public discourse of modernity is to promote the emotional development of market economy a huge driving force in this era of mass consumption spending on the most willing to dream, a miracle, the myth of desire but the desire to spread and over-expansion has led to social and human spirit fall with the overall quality of the downturn, which requires a rational voice to be clear of correction and criticism.

Third, the discourse of the elite of the elite survive tough words aimed at establishing a political system is a public sphere of discourse and culture in the public domain system, its mission is to television this public platform for consultations on the type of social criticism, looking forward to a free , voice of reason to assist countries in modern construction. and focus on their national discourse will transmit to the formation of a unified national public opinion is different from the pursuit of elite discourse is mainly to create a platform for public discourse in order to allow more community voices to be expressed because the elite is an effort to establish the identity of the public domain and look forward to their full play the people.

Links to free download http://www.hi138.com According to Habermas's public sphere theory, the emergence of public discourse platform to recognize the government presupposes the existence of the public domain, which has been mentioned as Sato Zhuo "we must take the premise of separation of government and society" [7], Lisa and Andrew • Willis • Taylor also mentioned:
In a democracy if the public would like to play an active role, they need to have a guaranteed space on the system, can express their views and challenge the existing power of the German philosopher Jurgen Habermas • defines a democratic forum, or the elements of the public domain, he will describe the definition of public domain and government relations for the regulation of social place, where private citizens can discuss public issues in public areas by generating public consensus through rational criticism of the government the power to influence, enable the Government to the public. [8]
Expectations of the public sphere, in fact, the power elite want to be able to participate in their own social process in the public domain to establish, in the modern nation-state's democratic political development has an important significance. This is like U.S. President John • Kennedy said: "view to distribution, based on informed and make choices, and good at criticizing the ability ... all of these essential premise of democracy are largely based on communication and dissemination can be achieved." [9 ]
Since China's reform and opening up the Mainland television is still in the preliminary exploration stage, the mainland is not yet ripe conditions for the public domain, the existence of elite discourse Mainland of China is still relatively immature, imperfect, often by the "powerful" the national discourse and "prosperous" in the public discourse of a double squeeze, so the elite class of programs also appear to be relatively fragmented, "weak", not a scale in which the famous are: CCTV <<dialogue>> Guangdong Satellite TV << Financial Lang eye>> Shenzhen Satellite TV <<22 degrees observation>> Phoenix <<Press today to talk about current affairs debate >>,<< >>,<< >>,<< current affairs editor of the time bright bright spot> >, <<Qiang Qiang>> Guizhou TV <<On the Road>>, Ningxia TV <<opinion leaders>> Oriental TV <<can all listen to>> Xiamen TV < > Etc. The characteristics of the words in the competition are: First, in the News category programs, in a global way of thinking, structural information on the global event for broadcast, to broaden the international community in the Chinese discourse space, win explanation of the incident the Chinese the right to speak, and become a Western exchange windows, two in critical, interactive, conversational news program, focusing on the Chinese public to express opinions, to respect diverse viewpoints confrontation and dialogue, three in the humanities type of program in the importance of national culture, dedicated to the production of Chinese cultural identity, but also with an open mind to absorb Western culture and thought. collate such section head and won the audience of highly educated people of all ages, and government end.

Needs of elite culture to some extent represents the people's demand for social civilization of China is in the bold process of building knowledge and the power of reason to become more and more important, the current popularity of higher levels of knowledge also makes teams getting larger and larger, the middle class is gradually formed in this case, the social and cultural needs of the elite is actually very large, elite knowledge and cultural needs of the audience on television mainly as a hope TV can be used as a platform for public discourse , so that the intellectual elite to participate effectively in the process of building social discourse, provides the voice of rational criticism of the social order in the country's development process play to their strength, but also full of people to enrich the imagination of the nation-state.

Admittedly, the TV media to create a huge cultural field, as opposed to the authority of a strong national discourse and public discourse profit strong, elite discourse space is very narrow, but there are a lot of responsible, educated elite of the elite the existence and growing discourse foundation and an important driving force for their caring, attention to reality, they have knowledge, have vision, have the ability to think, their concern for the fate and hope through television media, to "Negotiate the critics' identities to criticize social injustice, torture the conscience of society, the pursuit of truth, promote justice, to explore ways to solve the problem, methods and means, who despite the national discourse and public discourse of the double squeeze, but still showed great vitality, for promote the healthy development of China's TV culture and the development of modern Chinese society has an important role.

Conclusion In summary, the Chinese television monopoly by the unified field of the general nature of the media to differentiate into different areas of multi-media competition, the process is actually from the country-metadiscourse to the national discourse, elite discourse and public discourse to generate multi- and competitive process. TV system in the national discourse is the emergence of modern culture to respond to the nation-state position to promote the national will to unify all the people of the "national" Imagine, elite discourse system is trying to build a television the "negotiation style criticism" to promote the development of modern public sphere, public discourse is reflected in the establishment of the system of contemporary Chinese culture on the pursuit of modern sensibility and sure, this competition between the three words in large systems discourse and discourse around the concept of the commenced.


Notes [1] Xu News: <<nationalism>>, Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 2005 edition, p. 61.

[2] [U.S.] William • Olson: <<International Relations Theory and Practice>>, Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House, 1987 edition, p. 18.

[3] [United States] • Benedict Anderson: "Imagined Communities: the origin and spread of nationalism>> Wu Rui human translation, Shanghai: Shanghai Century Publishing Group, 2005 edition, p. 6.

[4] Nan Fan: "Two great importance to the domain>>, Nanjing: Jiangsu People's Publishing House, 2001 edition, p. 3.

[5] LI You-New: <<modernity and the modern construction of China>>, set <<Peking University>> (Philosophy and Social Science, 2005, No. 2, p. 35-42.

[6] Hu Zhifeng: <<TV aesthetic outline>>, Beijing: Beijing Broadcasting Institute Press, 2003 edition, p. 227.

[7] [Japanese] Sato Zhuo has: <<History of Modern Media>> Zhuge Wei East translation, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2004 edition, p. 118.

[8] [English] Lisa • Tyler, Andrew • Willis: <<Media Research: text, institutions and audience>> Wu Jing, Huang Pei translation, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2005 edition, p. 193 .

[9] Margaret Wright • Su Liwen: <<government media relations and press release: A spokesman for the essential handbook>> Dong Guan Peng translation, Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2005 edition, p. 2. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com