On the issue of old-age security in rural areas of Hunan, investigation and reflection

Papers Keywords:: elderly rural old-age security services to protect the material
Abstract: As a major agricultural province of Hunan, a large proportion of the rural population, rural aging seriously. Home-based, traditional sources of land for a living, rural old-age security functions is becoming increasingly weakened, while for the rural old-age security system, new has not yet formed. should solve the problem of rural old-age security and rural economic development needs of the elderly to start, give full play to the individual, family, collective, community, neighborhood mutual aid community's enthusiasm and initiative, many get old-age resources, the protection of the elderly get basic care, based on providing diversified and personalized services to the elderly, including building a diversified retirement mode, multi-level system of hybrid pension service pension system in rural areas.

First, the status of old-age security in rural areas in Hunan
October 2003 to April 2005, we used structured visits and questionnaire method, Pingjiang, tears Luo City, Changsha County, 60 years old-age security conducted a field survey, found that:
1. Increasing weakening of traditional family support function. Currently rural Hunan traditional agricultural society no longer exists, the rural community is gradually moving towards industrialization With industrialization, the industrial structure changes, the elderly have the skills, experience in life, the guiding role of the production of smaller and smaller, family status decline of traditional family support functions is becoming increasingly weakening the other hand, with the industrialization and urbanization progresses, the rural young people to pursue the maximization of expected income, continued from agricultural areas to the non-agricultural areas in rural areas a large number of young adults inflow of labor through various channels and stranded in the city, a direct result of empty nesters, pure elderly households (dynasties are elderly households), inter-generational families (grandparents and grandchildren, family composition) increased. together from many Over time, emotional bond between the generations will relax, allowing their spiritual comfort are not met, a general decline in the quality of life of older persons.

2, arable land area decreased, returns, old-age security in rural land faded from the 1990s, industrialization, urbanization resulting in sharp reduction of arable land and many landless rural elderly, no source of income, living in poverty, for less pension accumulation in recent years have increased the cost of agricultural production momentum, and the modest growth in agricultural prices, farm income can not be guaranteed.'s main source of rural elderly people rely on farming and more, benefits are difficult to secure in the land case, land as a hedge against old age risks and the feasibility of life of older sources has been constrained.

3 rural social endowment insurance system deficit, low level of protection of rural endowment insurance system in 1992, according to the state Bureau of Civil Affairs issued <<basic level rural social old-age insurance program (Trial)>> (hereinafter referred to as <<the basic program> >) implementation, this rural social endowment insurance system in practice there have been some problems. First, the coverage is small, the insurance object is unreasonable since the late 1980s, China began actively promoting the establishment of rural areas in the rural community the exploration of old-age insurance, but the number of participants never more than 80 million in 1988 decreased to 5,000 million in 2001 through the investigation, we found that rural elderly lives primarily on the social pension insurance accounted for only 4.9% , 38.7 percent of rural elderly do not understand the social pension insurance, social insurance has been purchased and only 9.2%. pension insurance was mainly targeted for the rural grassroots cadres (including the village head, village committee secretary, accounting ), ordinary people participate less. Second, the low level of protection, the insurance fund value is difficult. <<basic program>> regulations, the farmers pay the insurance premiums, according to their own situation points 2 million, $ 4, $ 6, $ 8, 12 ... 20 million yuan, and 10 pay grade, if the farmers pay a monthly $ 2 fee for 10 years after the pension, monthly 4.7 yuan, after 15 years monthly 9.9 yuan This money is for the farmers of little pension, while the value of the insurance fund linked with bank interest rates in recent years, the state has cut eight bank deposit interest rates, interest rates from 1993 to 10.9 % to 2003, 1.98 percent, value-added insurance fund almost impossible. The third is to support low standard, five-guarantee program is difficult to implement now five-guarantee system has many problems: First, the five guarantees should be targeted Paul Paul is difficult to do, should be maintained to ensure the problem is not very prominent. Second, the five guarantees low standard. three counties of the five guarantees the level of transfer payments are in accordance with the standard central executive, that each person $ 825. With the prices, higher living standards, this lack of support to maintain the standard of life for seniors. Third, the full implementation of the five guarantees the content is difficult. investigation, we learned that in addition to "burial insurance", the other "four security (food, clothing, shelter , medicine) "there is a problem to varying degrees, in some areas, has actually evolved into two five-guarantee insurance (guaranteed food, funeral), or even a Paul (Paul eat). Fourth, focus on support difficult. There are currently Hunan Rural households enjoying five guarantees should be maintained to 41.04 million people, focused on support of the five guarantees targeted 1.62 million, the number should be maintained only 3.96%.

4 rural elderly pension strong sense of self, the family pension expectations high source of the daily life of the elderly in rural areas rely mainly on their own to feed themselves, largely achieved self-pension. Survey of the three counties (cities), rural elderly Most of these people engaged in productive labor or domestic work, by their own income as the main source of income accounted for 19.7% elderly generally need only to complete the care of others will stop working. This "live to old, so old" way is at the expense of the interests of the elderly, lower quality of life of older persons on a basis, not "accord with the Mandate of Heaven," a voluntary act, but the old man "forced to livelihoods," the only alternative.

Family pension is mankind's most ancient and most basic, most important, full of vitality of the pension model, the needs of rural elderly is the highest it through survey found that 55.7 percent of rural elderly expectations of family pension, 47. 5% of young people willing to choose family pension. three counties (cities), Pingjiang rural elderly family pension expectations of 62.0%, followed by 55.4% Miluo City, Changsha County, 49.7% visible, the more the economy is not developed regions, the elderly, the more traditional concept of retirement, the higher the expectations of family pension, which also shows that the traditional family pension to adapt to China's hometown, the village love, family, tradition has a long history and profound social and psychological foundation. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com Second, establish and improve the rural old-age security system recommendations
Needs of the elderly is a multi-level old-age, the elderly generally can be summarized as "economic support, care and spiritual comfort in life," three of which solace is the penetration of life in economic support and care process, often difficult to clearly separate, so operational considerations of policy, we will break it for the economic support and life care aspects. financial support system focused on providing basic living for the elderly to maintain a stable income, life care system focuses to provide daily service for the elderly, both interrelated and independent, is to protect the basic livelihood of the elderly two indispensable elements.

Solve the problem of rural old-age security, including diversification of pension should be to build a model, multi-level system of hybrid pension service pension system in rural areas, rural old-age security of the economy, the service pressure to resolve the security in a criss-cross network.

1. Establish old-age security in rural diversification mode diversified pension model is fully personal, family, collective, community, neighborhood mutual aid community's enthusiasm and initiative, a wide range of resources for retirement, including "self-retirement" "family pension", "collective pension", "social pension" four old-age model, encourage self-endowment, strengthen the family pension. social pension is to a certain degree of national economic development, implementation, and successful foreign experience shows that the primary industry's GDP dropped to 15%, the share of agricultural labor force structure below 20%, it may be the full implementation of the social pension. According to the survey, Changsha County, in 2003 the primary industry accounted for 15.6% of GDP, while the Pingjiang, Park City, the first industry in Romania of GDP were 31.2%, 27.9%, showing that, in our most rural areas there is no implementation of social old-age economic conditions, while the family pension is China's traditional model, in the rural old-age play an important role in allowing elderly people with children economic support, spiritual comfort, health insurance, life and other aspects of care can be basically satisfied. Therefore, encourage self-endowment, strengthen the family pension is still the old-age security system in these areas the focus.

Better economic conditions in rural areas should develop a collective pension, improving the social pension insurance system of collective old-age pension and old-age social pension is the traditional model of a breakthrough, changes in the rural elderly "raise children to old age," the concept of rural industrialization, urbanization process will have a positive impact on the self-weakening of pension and family pension functions play an effective remedy.

(2) the development of multi-level rural old-age service system in rural aged service system development should be to serve the needs of the center, the goal is to protect the basic livelihood of the elderly receive care based on providing diversified and personalized care service. An old-age services to development agencies.'s Basic old-age institutions target population is rural five objects, loss of self-reliance, need long-term care for the elderly, voluntary health of elderly people living in rural areas based on the nursing home, increase capital investment , and expand the scope of nursing home adoption, and gradually establish a rural network of the aged. a town to have a general nursing home, according to the old scale and demand for services to an additional apartments for the elderly and other care settings. where conditions permit construction of a high standard can be social welfare, support part of the rural elderly. let old people in institutions not only security for the elderly medical care, old music, but also for the Elderly, nursing home through their own production and business activities to achieve Zijiyouyu, not only improves the living standards, but also reduce the pressure on poor families, the burden of village people and financial pressures. Second, we must strengthen the community care service. As the saying goes: "distant neighbor is better than" the neighborhood of the primary social group in the traditional rural bears " Watch, symbiotic, "an important function, between the care of neighbors, including housework, child care and other elderly people in rural communities of rural old-age neighborhood support services should play the role of voluntary organizations, rural elderly support groups consisting of neighbors, the nearest neighborhood support to carry out services to families in need to provide child care, elderly care, to fully mobilize the community for the elderly enthusiasm, strengthen neighborhood mutual aid capabilities. Third, we must improve home care services home care as a primary care service approach in China will play a more large role, and support services for carers is a model of family pension to the continuation of an important guarantee. First, through public opinion and public education, strengthen the younger elderly care responsibilities and obligations of family care for the elderly form a good social climate ; the second is to promote social work through family relationships, family conflicts, especially to solve various contradictions in-law, the family establish harmonious interpersonal relationships; third assistant in a family-style rural social services, including health cleaning, cooking, laundry, nursing care, etc., so that some families with better economic conditions to reduce the burden of caring for the elderly in rural communities within a family caregiver support center (village or rural community can rely on service centers), to provide resources for family caregivers, information consulting organization for caregivers communication and mutual support activities to the community to convey the voice of caregivers in order to get more attention and support. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com