On the theory of multi-system perspective of detective novels under the late Qing to write papers translated _ Network

Network to write papers: Paper Keywords: multi-system theory Qing detective fiction
Paper Summary: In the late Qing literary translation, especially translation of the number of the most numerous detective novels, the most popular, most far-reaching impact of this paper, a brief introduction by the translation of detective fiction boom of the late Qing Dynasty, according to the text of a Yitamaai Zohar (Itama Even-Zohar) proposed the multi-system theory, analysis of the boom was the rise of detective fiction translation of the reason this paper that the detective novel to translate boom is not an isolated incident, it produces a profound social, cultural background and literary traditions.


Detective fiction (detective story) Western popular fiction in a new type and new schools, it is a capitalist society product. To the translation of detective fiction known ZHOU Gui-sheng said: "The detective novel, as our country must lack, can not but He is the only solution. criminal defendants to prison cover my country, very different countries in the West, the detective said, the real dream of a bad idea "(ZHOU Gui-Sheng, 1904:3) as a type of Chinese translation of the novel, detective fiction in the modern translations of earlier, 1896-1897 <<Affairs reported that>> the first English translation of the editorial Zhang Kunde of four Sherlock Holmes Conan Doyle and published in the <<Current Affairs News>> on, entitled <<Sherlock Oh Well Seoul Sri Lanka Notes>> then, many foreign detective novelists such as Edgar Allan Poe (AllanPoe), 埃米加加博 Rio (MileGaboriau), Bao Fu (Fortune
duBoisgobey) and other works are starting to be translated. to about 1911, Chinese writers almost all the world's detective novels are translated again, their number, with Ying's words: "At the time translation at home, and detective novels a relationship, and later simply say no, if the translation of the novel there were thousands, translated detective fiction to account for five hundred on "(Ying ,1980:180-186), according to statistics, then join the translation of this stock detective fiction boom of the translator has Cheng Xiaoqing, Sun, red, ZHOU Gui-Sheng, note if the other dozens of people, many of whom Lin Shu, Zhou Shoujuan other translations you. Thus, outside the novel, detective fiction, especially popular at the time of translation.

Multi-system theory (Polysystemtheory) is the text of an Israeli scholar Yitamaai Zohar (Itama Even-Zohar) in the early 1970s, proposed a theory of the theory to the Russian formalist literary theory, drawing on structuralism, general systems theory and cultural semiotics of the positive factors will be translated literature as literature, multi-system subsystem.


A detective novel translations of the late Qing

The late Qing period, the translation activities were significantly higher than active creative activity, "the number of books on translation, and the total number of one-third of all 99 (Ying, 1980:180). Chen Pingyuan also believe ,1896-1916 years would be 20 years published novel "Specific numbers are hard to estimate accurately, but 20 years of novels published in translation overwhelming, but it is obvious fact (Chen Pingyuan, 1989:29)." was the translation of literature in Chinese literature has a significant multi-system position for a long period of time to play a more important than the impact of creative fiction Translation detective fiction as a mainstream novel was translated, one of China at that time occupied the position of the mainstream literary world, the "high number ( about a quarter of all the novels in translation), scope (almost all translations of famous European and American detective), speed (translation and Western detective novels almost simultaneously) "(Guo Yanli, 1996:81), the effects of dark circles at the time described as among the best translation of the novel.


Two translated detective fiction boom of the late Qing reason

At the time, detective fiction boom of the formation on the one hand due to translation of its content and form of art in itself: it is innovative, "to the Chinese readers a new reading experience" (Liu Yang body, 1997:281), another , the prevailing social, political, cultural and literary backgrounds have played a key role in a sense, detective fiction at the time of the boom of the late Qing social and political interaction between cultural factors and the translated result of the selection.

Zohar that the three conditions of literary translation in the target language literature in multi-system occupy a central position, we will address the following three conditions are of much analysis.

1. The first condition - the late Qing period in the establishment of the new novel
Qing Dynasty, most scholars will have improved awareness of the political literature as a means of improvement and social change, Liang and strive to promote the "literary salvation", to promote translations of Western novels, as a tool for enlightenment. A lot of detective novels translated into the late Qing resulting in the formation detective hot, about in 1907 after the May Fourth period reached its peak. At that time, the history of China External and internal environment in which people keenly aware of the great scientific power, "political novel, eager to pray in the new democratic institutions, a taste of science and technology in science fiction in the charm of the detective novel to a fair legal system "(Zhang Ping, 2002:53), and the late Qing period just system of traditional Chinese literature, the impending collapse, and the new system has not yet been fully established literature on the occasion (1919 outbreak of the New Culture Movement in China to establish a new system truly a watershed literature), literature, translated literature inevitably become the mainstream in diverse systems, to enlighten the people to assume the role.


(2) The second condition - the late Qing fiction in a weak state
Fiction in this literary theme in traditional Chinese literature, multi-system has been marginalized role, a "trail", writing a novel is "fluff, Masao not." Because China's domestic novel long marginalized and vulnerable position, they do not have enough influence to translate the novel to the limit and pressure, only letting them epidemics.

Traditional novel small makes it impossible to take the novel was given the task of the social environment - Improved Illustrated, therefore, Liang, who advocated "Novel Revolution", is to be achieved by means of extra-territorial power of the novel development of new literature, thus changing the country's lagging behind, translating literature at the time it became the mainstream of literary multicomponent system, the dominant. Links to free download http://www.hi138.com 3. the third condition - late Qing literary tradition under attack, at a turning point
The climax of the late Qing novels in translation can be said with the "novel world revolution" of the rise coming. Liang in 1902 that "To improve the governance group, the Revolution will be the beginning of the novel, For Xinmin, the beginning of the novel will be a new leaf" ( drink ice, 1989). the novel as a "group improved governance", the key to saving the country, although only the traditional "Wen Road," a continuation of the concept, but more than their predecessors have not paid much attention, but to Liang and to promote the novel, but they advocate new novel is not the original classical Chinese novel, because the traditional Chinese novel "China Gunji main source of corruption" (to drink ice, 1989). So far, China seems to have been the original tradition of the novel come to an end, the real sense of the new novel has yet to be born, so the translation of foreign novels nature Liang, who entered the field of vision. to "improve Gunji," naturally with the translation of the novel, the novel becomes worth a hundred times outside in the It shares the torrent of change, the original poetry to the literary tradition of authentic literary system have been a great shock, is in the Zohar said the turning point of where to go when the form of new, exciting content to the introduction of foreign detective fiction China, the domestic reader's attention fascinated to promote the translation boom generation.

Qing Dynasty, the domestic variety of contradiction, the economy is in collapse, Chinese society will inevitably be experienced in all aspects of great change. Literature as a social ideology and an important part of Culture as a whole, is bound to respond to these modern China itself is bound to change and to be involved in transformation of order to the introduction of Western democratic ideas, the activation China boring intellectual, literary translations of foreign works off a climax.

The reason why translation of detective fiction appeared in the late Qing boom, not only thanks to detective fiction itself is innovative, and contains democratic ideas of Western science and other reasons, but also due to translation and the choice between social and cultural context and to promote the dynamic relationship with multi-system theory in the Zohar, is not difficult to find the position of the late Qing Dynasty by the impact of traditional literature, and the new literary system has not yet formed, so the translation of literature in multi-system occupy a central position at the same time as detective fiction and society at , literature and cultural background of the fit, it contributed to the translation of the late Qing detective fiction boom.


References:
[1] Even-Zohar, ltama.The Positionof Translated Literature within theLiterary Polysystem [J]. In LarenceVenuti, ed.The Translation StudiesReader [M]. London and New York: Rout-ledge.2000: 194.

[2] Gentzler, Edwin.Contemporary Translation Theories [M]. Shanghai: ShanghaiForeign Language Education Press, 2004L: 116.

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