Financial performance of content analysis technology spending

Abstract: Technology expenditures for the fiscal performance of the content to make a clear definition of performance evaluation is a prerequisite. Research ideas for the first sort out the meaning of performance, then analyze the characteristics of financial expenditure activity content of the performance requirements, and learn from the West "3E model ", defining the content of the performance of financial expenditure and finally analysis of the characteristics of scientific and technological activities, clear performance of scientific and technological activities, meaning the focus of expenditure, so as to clarify the content of the financial performance of Technology spending. concluded that the financial performance of content should include science and Technology spending effect, economy, efficiency and effectiveness of four aspects, R & D activities and R & D activities of non-financial spending on Technology performance content with a different focus.

Keywords: performance, fiscal expenditure, fiscal spending on Technology

Introduction
Fiscal spending on technology because of its spending activities, features, content and business performance of its performance there are many differences. The need for effective fiscal spending on technology performance evaluation, it is necessary to finance spending on technology performance to define the content of this paper, analysis of expenditure by activities features and characteristics of science and technology activities, trying to finance spending on technology performance to a clearly defined meaning.

Chinese scholars on the financial performance of a number of science and technology spending study Yuan Zhiming, Yuxi Jun (2004 that reflect the performance should include the project technical results, management performance, direct benefits, indirect benefits, and other aspects of Economic and social benefits [1 ]. Chen Lijia, Lu Jin (2005 to fiscal 科技三项费 with performance defined as the target performance, organizational performance, government performance, social performance in four areas [2] Xie Hong (2007 to finance spending on technology performance is defined as a reasonable expenditure , direct Economic benefits, indirect benefits and social benefits, the potential benefits of four [3]. Zhang Heng, et al (2008 analysis of financial technology spending performance characteristics, that its features include: difference and diversity, the performance of different technology projects different uncertainties, that R & D may fail, spillover, technology project will bring indirect social and Economic benefits [4]. Hu Xingwang, Caowu Jun (2008 to finance spending on technology performance features are summarized as follows: public nature, that fiscal spending on technology to meet the whole of society should be the common needs of scientific and technological progress; indirect, including effects of fiscal spending on technology driven, service and ongoing effects of effects, delay, refers to the Research project to the time when the output stable range [5 ] From the above overview we can see that China's fiscal expenditure on science and technology content of the definition of performance is still very fragmented, and with some randomness, does not have a complete meaning systems.

First, the performance
The term is derived from the performance of Western management concepts, the English word for the "performance", the more common interpretation of performance is the performance, effectiveness of performance management can be divided into human performance and organizational performance levels. Human Performance Measurement the work performance of employees present for the human performance are two points of view, that the results of concept and process of concept. the content of the performance as "three-way", that is effectiveness, efficiency and effectiveness. Effect refers to the quantity and quality to complete the task, and the goal of completion, whether the results obtained, the results of the quality, efficiency refers to the relationship between input and output, that is the minimum cost to obtain the maximum output , efficiency refers to the results achieved benefits, including Economic benefits, material benefits, spiritual benefits. the content of the performance of organizational performance effectiveness, efficiency and coordination effect refers to whether a company is profitable, whether the financial goal. efficiency is the company's profits are maximized, is the most effective use of resources to get the most profit. coordination refers to whether a company take into account the interests of all parties, such as the completion of the strategic tasks, to meet customer needs, improve employee performance.

Second, expenditure performance
1. Expenditure characteristics, as the American scholar Bates and Halton [6] pointed out, "performance is a multidimensional composition, observation and measurement of a different angle, the result will be different." From the perspective of different disciplines to understand the performance will arrive at different interpretations of the Government activity has its own characteristics, expenditure activity is an integral part of government activities, government activities have the same characteristics. expenditure activities include: (1 public service in the market economy. in the Government's main activity is to provide public goods, address market failures and meet public needs, its fundamental purpose is to public service (2-for-profit Government activities are non-profit purposes, the provision of public goods are usually free of charge, the government does not receive remuneration from (3 to practice conservation of Government activities, the source of funds is the public revenue, waste of financial resources is a waste of public resources, this waste is not allowed The Financial expenditure activities of the performance characteristics required financial expenditure and management performance with different connotations, first, that expenditure of public service activities for the public benefit, not benefit to the government, which requires expenditure performance should be content with social benefits that public expenditure activities to obtain various benefits, but should not contain the contents of the government benefit and secondly, non-profit activities that expenditure is not profitable to consider, which requires expenditure earnings performance should not contain the contents of the government and finally, to exercise fiscal spending save the performance requirements should be content with efficiency, but not the cost to achieve maximum profits with minimum profit efficiency, but to minimize the input to achieve the intended results .

2. Expenditure performance "3E model." Western countries after a long practice, summed up the performance of financial expenditure "3E model" [7], that economy (Economy, efficiency (Efficiency) and effectiveness (Effectiveness .) economy is for government activities should use the least amount of financial resources, with the least money to get as many resources efficiency refers to the amount of resources into the relationship between the amount of output and results, including a minimum of resources the amount of output achieved certain results or to a certain amount of resources to get the most amount of output results. validity refers to the achievement of the objectives of government activity, whether the target effectively solve the problem.

3. Expenditure performance content. Learn 3E model and performance management content, and activities with the characteristics of financial expenditure requirements on the performance of content, this paper argues, the content of expenditure should include the effect of performance, economy, efficiency and effectiveness of four aspects. effect refers to the financial investment to achieve the stated objectives of the extent, that is, whether to achieve the intended results, the results of the quality, etc. refers to the expenditure of Economic cost is the least financial resources are configured correctly. efficiency refers to the amount of resources and results of the relationship between the amount of output, expenditure is the least amount of resources to achieve a certain volume of output or the results to a certain amount of resources for maximum results output amount refers to the financial benefits expenditure achieved for the public benefits, including direct and indirect benefits of the activities of economic, social and environmental benefits, etc. Among them, the effects and benefits of the difference is, the effect is to project itself in terms of financial expenditure, The benefit is a measure of the impact of the project outside.

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Third, the financial performance of technology spending
As a wide range of government activities, a wide range of activities, different types of government activities have different characteristics, the characteristics of certain activities will make the performance of its financial expenditure the importance of all aspects of the content is different, so different types of government fiscal activities expenditure performance somewhat different connotation, such as efficiency of performance of important activities should focus on the efficiency, effectiveness should focus on important activities of the effectiveness of performance Financial scientific and technological activities has its own characteristics, financial performance, technology spending also has a corresponding meaning focus.

1 the characteristics of science and technology activities. Scientific and technological activities, including Research and experimental development activities (referred to as R & D activities, technological activities and technological achievements into three types of service activities activities activities in science and technology activities are a kind of social production, has its own characteristics. (1 exploratory and innovative. R & D activities is the knowledge of the unknown areas of Research, for best results obtained in advance is not fully predictable, R & D activities in the exploration of the decision of its results of activities of the innovative. Innovation is the R & D activity is different from other social production of the most fundamental characteristics, but also a measure of R & D results of the value of the size of the most important criterion (2 uncertainty and risk, which is only on the R & D activities in terms of. R & D activities to achieve any kind of results are difficult to determine, R & D activities in the implementation process often encountered in the prior unexpected situation. R & D activities, the uncertainty means that R & D activities, investment is risky. (3 positive externalities. whether it is R & D activities or non-R & D activities have a strong positive externalities. the results of scientific and technological activities not only make a profit for all results, but also the entire community can benefit. R & D activities to provide new knowledge, increasing the total knowledge of the community to improve social and technological level.

2 Financial performance of content technology spending Financial Technology spending is a component of expenditure, the financial performance of the content of science and technology spending that is the connotation of the performance of financial expenditure, and fiscal impact of scientific and technological activities of science and technology expenditure performance characteristics of four of the important content sex, according to scientific and technological activities can be characterized can be divided into R & D activities and non-R & D activities into two categories, two types of scientific and technological activities corresponding to the financial technology spending performance content is different. R & D activities are exploration and Innovation, uncertainty and risk as well as positive externalities three features. measure of R & D results and innovative part of the performance connotation of the effect of the content, because Innovation for R & D activities, the importance of the highlights of the R & D activities, outcome measures of importance. R & D active process of uncertainty and risk are making their efficiency and economy of the measure seemed of little significance. R & D activities with positive externalities, the need for R & D activities of science and technology benefits to measure, but the positive externality is the only technology in terms of level of knowledge and technology for economic, environmental and other externalities are not positive. To sum up, R & D activities in fiscal spending on technology performance should first focus on the effect, followed by focusing on efficiency, economy and efficiency of both the not the focus. non-R & D activities only positive externalities is a characteristic, which indicates that for non-R & D activities of the measure should focus on efficiency aspects. non-R & D activities of the positive externalities not only technology, but also to the economy and environment, such as improve social productivity, improve people's living standards, reduce environmental pollution, when measuring the effectiveness of the technology should not only focus on direct benefits, but also concerned about the indirect economic benefits, environmental benefits, etc. Non-R & D activities do not have uncertainty, efficiency and economy The standard is for sure, its economy and efficiency of the measure is necessary. non-R & D activities are not innovative, its effect on the measurement of R & D activities as less important. In summary, non-R & D activities of financial performance should focus on technology spending effectiveness, the results only give the general economy and the importance of efficiency.

Conclusion
This paper analyzes the characteristics and spending activity of the characteristics of scientific and technological activities, to define the content of the performance of financial expenditure, and clearly the financial performance of the content of science and technology spending this paper draw two conclusions: (1 expenditure performance of content including results, economy, efficiency and effectiveness of four (2 content of the financial performance of technology spending four different weights. R & D activities in fiscal spending on technology performance should focus on two aspects of effectiveness and efficiency, rather than R & D activities in fiscal spending on technology performance to be focus on effectiveness.

References:
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[2] Chen Lijia, Lu Jin. 科技三项费 with investment performance of the content and characteristics of [J]. Technology Management Research, 2005, (5) :112-114.

[3] Xie Hong. AHP-based science and technology expenditure performance evaluation studies [J]. Central University of Finance, 2007, (4) :12-16.

[4] Zhang Heng, Lu Jin, Wang Yaping, Zhao Xingwang Financial performance evaluation of the practice of science and technology spending problems and countermeasures [J]. Technology Management Research, 2008, (7) :101-102.

[5] Hu Xingwang, Cao Wujun Financial performance management technology spending study [J]. Plains Journal, 2008, (1) :83-88.

[6] Bates, RAHolton, EFComputerised performance monitoring: a review of human resource issues, Human Resource Management Review, 1995, Vol (5) ,267-288.

[7] Zhu Zhigang. Expenditure performance evaluation [M]. Beijing: China Financial and Economic Publishing House ,2003:27-33

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